Computer networking MCQ

1241. In Field of User Datagram Protocol (UDP), each user datagram can travel on a

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Different Path.

Exam Relevance: Computer Networks, CCNA, CISSP

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), each datagram is independent and can take a different path to reach the destination.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse UDP with TCP, where packets are expected to follow the same path.

Explanations: UDP is a connectionless protocol, meaning each datagram is treated independently. Unlike TCP, which establishes a connection and ensures packets follow the same path, UDP does not guarantee this. Each datagram can travel on a different path, depending on network conditions and routing decisions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because UDP does not guarantee that datagrams will follow the same path.
Option B: Correct because each datagram in UDP can travel on a different path.
Option C: Incorrect because UDP does not enforce a single path for all datagrams.
Option D: Incorrect because parallel paths are not a specific feature of UDP; datagrams can take different paths independently.

1242. We add r redundant bits to each block to make the length n = k + r. The resulting n-bit blocks are called.....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Codewords.

Exam Relevance: Computer Networks, Digital Communication, Information Theory

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: In error detection and correction techniques, the original data bits (dataword) are combined with redundant bits to form a codeword. The codeword is the final n-bit block that is transmitted or stored.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the terms "dataword" and "codeword," thinking that the original data bits are the codeword.

Explanations: The original data bits (dataword) are augmented with redundant bits to form a codeword. The codeword is the complete n-bit block that includes both the original data and the added redundancy. This n-bit block is what is actually transmitted or stored, making it the correct term for the final block.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Datawords refer to the original data bits before adding redundancy, not the final n-bit block.
Option B: Blockwords is not a standard term in error detection and correction techniques.
Option C: Codewords are the n-bit blocks that include both the original data and the added redundancy.
Option D: None of the above is incorrect as "Codewords" is the correct term.

1243. All Abu Dhabi Banks are connected together throughout

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) WAN.

Exam Relevance: Networking Fundamentals, Computer Networks, IT Infrastructure Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Wide Area Networks (WANs) connect geographically dispersed networks, such as those in different cities or countries. This is essential for connecting banks across a city or region.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse WAN with LAN, thinking that a local network would suffice for connecting banks in a city.

Explanations: WANs are used to connect networks over large geographical areas, such as different cities or countries. In the context of Abu Dhabi, where banks are spread across the city, a WAN is necessary to ensure connectivity and communication between these institutions. A LAN (Local Area Network) would only connect devices within a limited area, such as a single building or campus, which is insufficient for connecting banks across the city. Wireless networks can be part of a WAN but do not replace the need for a WAN to connect multiple locations.

Option Analysis:

Option A: WAN is the correct choice as it connects networks over large geographical areas, suitable for connecting banks across Abu Dhabi.
Option B: LAN is incorrect because it only connects devices within a limited area, such as a single building or campus.
Option C: Wireless is a type of network technology but does not replace the need for a WAN to connect multiple locations.
Option D: None of the above is incorrect because WAN is the appropriate choice for connecting banks across Abu Dhabi.

Mnemonic: WAN: Wide Area Network, Wide Reach

1244. Which of these best descibes a peer to peer network?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Computers are connected without the need for a central server.

Exam Relevance: AP Computer Science Principles, A+ Certification, CompTIA Network+

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: In a peer-to-peer network, each computer (or peer) can communicate directly with other computers on the network without relying on a central server.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse peer-to-peer networks with client-server networks, where a central server is required to manage communication between clients.

Explanations: A peer-to-peer network allows each computer to act as both a client and a server, sharing resources and data directly with other peers. This eliminates the need for a central server to manage the network, making the network more decentralized and flexible.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This describes a client-server network, not a peer-to-peer network.
Option B: This correctly describes a peer-to-peer network, where computers are directly connected without a central server.
Option C: This describes a network where computers are connected to shared devices but not to each other, which is not a peer-to-peer network.
Option D: This is incorrect as option B is the correct description.

1245. Which of the following technique is used for encapsulation?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) A technique used by protocols in which a lower level protocol accepts a message from a higher level protocol and places it in the data portion of the low level frame.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CISSP, CompTIA Network+

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Encapsulation is a fundamental concept in networking where data from a higher-level protocol is placed into the data field of a lower-level protocol's frame.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse encapsulation with other network concepts such as fragmentation or routing loops.

Explanations: Encapsulation is the process where a higher-level protocol's data is placed into the data field of a lower-level protocol's frame. This is a key mechanism in the OSI model and TCP/IP stack, ensuring that data can be transmitted across different layers of the network. The correct answer describes this process accurately.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This describes a technique to prevent routing loops, not encapsulation.
Option B: This correctly describes encapsulation, where a lower-level protocol accepts data from a higher-level protocol and encapsulates it into its own frame.
Option C: This describes fragmentation, where large datagrams are divided into smaller pieces, not encapsulation.
Option D: This is incorrect as not all options describe encapsulation.

1246. In distributed applications, it is sometimes necessary to update all the databases concurrently, we use.....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Flooding.

Exam Relevance: Computer Networks, Distributed Systems, Database Management Systems

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Flooding is a technique used in distributed systems to ensure that all nodes receive a message or update.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse flooding with other routing algorithms like shortest path first, which is used for finding the shortest path in a network rather than ensuring all nodes receive a message.

Explanations: Flooding is a method used in distributed applications to update all databases concurrently. In flooding, a message is sent to all neighboring nodes, and each node forwards the message to its neighbors, ensuring that the message reaches all nodes in the network. This technique is particularly useful in scenarios where it is critical that all nodes receive the update, such as in distributed databases or in broadcasting updates in a peer-to-peer network.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Shortest path first is a routing algorithm used to find the shortest path between nodes in a network, not a method for updating all databases concurrently.
Option B: First come first serve is a scheduling algorithm and not a method for updating all databases concurrently.
Option C: Forwarding is a part of the flooding process but does not encompass the entire technique of ensuring all nodes receive the message.
Option D: Flooding is the correct method for ensuring all nodes in a distributed system receive a message or update.

Mnemonic: Flood the network, not the path.

1247. Real-time traffic needs support of

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Multicasting.

Exam Relevance: Computer Networks, Data Communications, Network Engineering

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Real-time traffic requires efficient and reliable delivery of data to multiple recipients simultaneously.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse unicasting with multicasting, thinking that unicasting is sufficient for real-time traffic.

Explanations: Multicasting is essential for real-time traffic because it allows data to be sent to multiple recipients simultaneously, reducing network congestion and ensuring timely delivery. This is particularly important for applications like video conferencing, live streaming, and online gaming, where data needs to be delivered to multiple users in real-time.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Unicasting is not suitable for real-time traffic as it only sends data to a single recipient, which is inefficient for applications requiring simultaneous delivery to multiple recipients.
Option B: Multicasting is the correct choice as it efficiently delivers data to multiple recipients simultaneously, which is crucial for real-time traffic.
Option C: Layered Control is not directly related to the delivery mechanism of real-time traffic.
Option D: Protocol Control refers to the management of protocols but does not address the delivery mechanism required for real-time traffic.

Mnemonic: Mnemonic: "Multi for Many, Real-time Needs Multi."

1248. In computer security means that computer system assets can be modified only by authorized parities.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Integrity.

Exam Relevance: CISSP, CompTIA Security+, CISA

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Integrity in computer security ensures that data and system assets are protected from unauthorized modifications.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse integrity with confidentiality, which focuses on protecting data from unauthorized access rather than unauthorized modification.

Explanations: Integrity in computer security means that data and system assets can only be modified by authorized parties. This ensures that the data remains accurate and trustworthy. Confidentiality, on the other hand, focuses on keeping data secret from unauthorized users, while availability ensures that data is accessible to authorized users when needed. Authenticity confirms the identity of the data or the user, but does not directly address the protection against unauthorized modifications.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Confidentiality ensures that data is kept secret from unauthorized users, not that it is protected from unauthorized modifications.
Option B: Integrity ensures that data and system assets can only be modified by authorized parties, which aligns with the given statement.
Option C: Availability ensures that data is accessible to authorized users when needed, not that it is protected from unauthorized modifications.
Option D: Authenticity confirms the identity of the data or the user, but does not directly address the protection against unauthorized modifications.

1249. The OSI model layer that covers the physical and electrical medium for data transfer. It includes, but is not limited to, cables, jacks, patch panels, punch blocks, hubs, and MAUs.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Physical layer.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CompTIA Network+, CIW Network Specialist

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The Physical layer of the OSI model is responsible for the physical and electrical medium for data transfer, including hardware components like cables, jacks, patch panels, punch blocks, hubs, and MAUs.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the Physical layer with the Data link layer, which deals with the transmission of data over physical links.

Explanations: The Physical layer is the lowest layer of the OSI model and is responsible for the physical transmission of data. It defines the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional specifications for activating, maintaining, and deactivating the physical link between end systems. This includes the physical medium such as cables, connectors, and hardware devices like hubs and MAUs. Therefore, the correct answer is the Physical layer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The Network layer is responsible for routing and logical addressing, not the physical medium.
Option B: The Data link layer deals with the transmission of data over physical links and error detection, but not the physical medium itself.
Option C: The Physical layer covers the physical and electrical medium for data transfer, including cables, jacks, patch panels, punch blocks, hubs, and MAUs.
Option D: This option is incorrect as the Physical layer is the correct answer.

1250. To accomplish flow control, TCP uses a..... window protocol.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Sliding.

Exam Relevance: Computer Networks, CCNA, CISSP

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: TCP uses a sliding window protocol for flow control.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse sliding window with fixed-size window, which is not used in TCP.

Explanations: TCP employs a sliding window protocol to manage flow control. This protocol allows the sender to transmit a variable number of packets before requiring an acknowledgment, adjusting the window size based on network conditions and receiver capacity. This dynamic adjustment ensures efficient use of network resources and prevents overwhelming the receiver.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Limited-size window is not the correct term for TCP's flow control mechanism.
Option B: Sliding window is the correct term for TCP's flow control mechanism.
Option C: Fixed-size window does not allow for dynamic adjustment and is not used in TCP.
Option D: None of the above is incorrect as sliding window is a valid mechanism used by TCP.

Mnemonic: S.W.A.T. - Sliding Window Adjusts Transmission

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Computer networking MCQ - Set 125

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