Computer networking MCQ

1261. An approach called Local Area Network Emulation (LANE) solves problems of

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) ATM LAN.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CCNP, CISSP

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Local Area Network Emulation (LANE) is a protocol that allows legacy LAN protocols to be used over an ATM network, effectively emulating a traditional LAN environment.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse LANE with other ATM-related protocols or solutions, such as L2TP or MPLS, which are used in different contexts.

Explanations: LANE solves problems of ATM LAN by providing a way to emulate traditional LAN protocols over an ATM network. This allows existing LAN applications and services to function without modification, ensuring compatibility and ease of transition to ATM technology.

Option Analysis:

Option A: ATM itself does not have the specific problem of emulating LAN protocols, so LANE is not a solution for ATM in general.
Option B: LANE is specifically designed to solve problems related to ATM LAN, making it the correct answer.
Option C: ATM WAN refers to wide area networks, which are not the primary focus of LANE.
Option D: ATM MAN refers to metropolitan area networks, which are also not the primary focus of LANE.

Mnemonic: LANE = LAN Emulation over ATM

1262. A virtual circuit is identified by a number called a data link connection identifier (DLCI) in

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Frame Relay.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CompTIA Network+, CIW Network Specialist

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In Frame Relay, a virtual circuit is identified by a number called a Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI).

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse DLCI with similar identifiers used in other protocols, such as ATM's Virtual Circuit Identifier (VCI).

Explanations: Frame Relay is a packet-switched data communications service that uses virtual circuits to connect devices. Each virtual circuit is uniquely identified by a DLCI, which is a local identifier used to map the virtual circuit to a specific path in the network. This identifier is significant because it allows the network to route data packets to the correct destination based on the virtual circuit setup.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Transport Layer does not use DLCI for virtual circuit identification.
Option B: ATM uses a different identifier called VCI for virtual circuits.
Option C: Protocol is a general term and does not specifically refer to DLCI usage.
Option D: Frame Relay correctly uses DLCI for virtual circuit identification.

Mnemonic: DLCI for Frame Relay: "Data Link Circuit Identifier for Frame Relay"

1263. IP was originally designed for

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Unicast delivery.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CISSP, CompTIA Network+

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: IP (Internet Protocol) was originally designed for unicast delivery, which involves sending data from a single source to a single destination.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse unicast with multicast, which involves sending data to multiple destinations simultaneously.

Explanations: IP was originally designed to facilitate communication between two endpoints, where data is sent from a single source to a single destination. This is known as unicast delivery. The protocol was not initially designed to support multicast or other forms of multi-level delivery.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Multicast delivery involves sending data to multiple destinations simultaneously, which is not the original design of IP.
Option B: Multilevel cast delivery is not a standard term in IP design and is not relevant to the original design of IP.
Option C: Unicast delivery involves sending data from a single source to a single destination, which aligns with the original design of IP.
Option D: Absolute delivery is not a standard term in IP design and does not accurately describe the original design of IP.

1264. The value of acknowledgement field in a segment defines

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Number of next bytes to receive.

Exam Relevance: Computer Networks, CCNA, CISSP

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The acknowledgement field in a TCP segment indicates the sequence number of the next byte the receiver expects to receive.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the acknowledgement field with the total number of bytes received or the number of previous bytes to receive.

Explanations: In TCP, the acknowledgement field specifies the sequence number of the next byte the receiver expects to receive. This ensures that the sender knows which byte to send next, maintaining the order and integrity of the data transmission.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect, as the acknowledgement field does not indicate the number of previous bytes to receive.
Option B: Incorrect, as the acknowledgement field does not represent the total number of bytes to receive.
Option C: Correct, as the acknowledgement field indicates the sequence number of the next byte to receive.
Option D: Incorrect, as the acknowledgement field is not a sequence of zeros and ones.

Mnemonic: ACK = Next Byte

1265. In poll function, when response is positive then primary reads data and returns an

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Acknowledgment frame.

Exam Relevance: Computer Networks, Data Communication, Network Protocols

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In the context of data communication, an acknowledgment frame is sent by the receiver to confirm successful receipt of data.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the function of different types of frames, such as waiting frames or sending frames, with acknowledgment frames.

Explanations: When the poll function indicates a positive response, the primary device reads the data and returns an acknowledgment frame to confirm that the data has been successfully received. This ensures reliable communication and error detection.

Option Analysis:

Option A: A waiting frame is not a standard response in this context. It typically indicates a state of readiness or waiting for data.
Option B: A sending frame is used to transmit data, not to acknowledge receipt of data.
Option C: A receiving frame is not a standard term in data communication protocols. It might be confused with the act of receiving data, but the correct response is an acknowledgment.
Option D: An acknowledgment frame is the correct response to confirm the receipt of data.

Mnemonic: ACK for confirmation

1266. As the data packet moves from the upper to the lower layers, headers are.....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Added.

Exam Relevance: Networking Fundamentals, CCNA, CISSP

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: As data packets move from higher to lower layers in the OSI model, headers are added to the packet at each layer to provide necessary information for that layer's processing.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the process of adding headers with removing them, especially when considering the reverse process during data transmission from lower to higher layers.

Explanations: In the OSI model, each layer adds its own header to the data packet as it moves down the layers. This header contains control information specific to that layer, such as source and destination addresses, error detection codes, and other metadata. This process ensures that each layer can properly handle the packet according to its function.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Headers are added at each layer as the packet moves from higher to lower layers.
Option B: Incorrect. Headers are removed as the packet moves from lower to higher layers, not as it moves down.
Option C: Incorrect. Headers are not rearranged; they are added and removed as needed.
Option D: Incorrect. While headers may be modified in some cases, the primary action is adding new headers at each layer.

1267. In multicast address of IPv6, value of prefix is

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) 11111111.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CISSP, CompTIA Network+

Difficulty: Very Easy

Concept notes: In IPv6, multicast addresses are identified by a specific prefix in the address format.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the prefix for multicast addresses with other address types, such as unicast or anycast.

Explanations: The prefix for multicast addresses in IPv6 is 11111111. This prefix is used to identify the address as a multicast address, distinguishing it from other types of IPv6 addresses.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. The prefix for multicast addresses in IPv6 is 11111111.
Option B: Incorrect. This prefix does not correspond to multicast addresses in IPv6.
Option C: Incorrect. This prefix does not correspond to multicast addresses in IPv6.
Option D: Incorrect. This prefix does not correspond to multicast addresses in IPv6.

1268. Change over a long span of time means

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Low Frequency.

Exam Relevance: GATE, GRE, ECE exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Frequency in signal processing refers to the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time. Low frequency indicates that changes occur over a longer period of time.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse high frequency with changes over a long span of time, but high frequency actually indicates rapid changes.

Explanations: Change over a long span of time implies that the event or signal changes slowly. In signal processing, this is characterized by low frequency, where the number of occurrences per unit time is small. Therefore, a change over a long span of time corresponds to low frequency.

Option Analysis:

Option A: High Frequency indicates rapid changes, which is incorrect for changes over a long span of time.
Option B: Low Frequency correctly indicates changes over a long span of time.
Option C: High Phase is not related to the rate of change over time.
Option D: Low Phase is also not related to the rate of change over time.

1269. The password is sent to the server using..... command

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) PASS.

Exam Relevance: Networks, Computer Security, IT Fundamentals

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The PASS command is used in FTP (File Transfer Protocol) to send the password to the server.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the PASS command with other similar commands like PASSWD or PASSWORD, which are not standard FTP commands for sending passwords.

Explanations: In FTP, the PASS command is specifically used to send the password to the server after the user has been identified with the USER command. This is a standard procedure in FTP communication to authenticate the user.

Option Analysis:

Option A: PASSWD is not a standard FTP command for sending passwords.
Option B: PASS is the correct command used in FTP to send the password to the server.
Option C: PASSWORD is not a standard FTP command for sending passwords.
Option D: None of the mentioned is incorrect as PASS is a valid FTP command.

1270. What are the advantages of a star network?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) There are no data collisions - maximum performance.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, Network+, CIW

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In a star network, all devices connect to a central hub or switch, which manages data transmission. This structure minimizes data collisions because the central device controls the flow of data, ensuring that data packets are not sent simultaneously on the same channel.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that a star network is immune to all types of network failures, including server failures, which is not true.

Explanations: In a star network, each device connects directly to a central hub or switch. This central device acts as a controller, managing the data flow between devices. Since the central hub or switch controls the data transmission, it can prevent data collisions by ensuring that data packets are not sent simultaneously on the same channel. This results in maximum performance as data can be transmitted efficiently without interference.

Option Analysis:

Option A: A star network is not necessarily cheap to make, as it requires a central hub or switch and individual connections for each device.
Option B: A star network can still be hacked, as security depends on the implementation and not the network topology.
Option C: The central hub or switch in a star network manages data transmission, preventing data collisions and ensuring maximum performance.
Option D: If the server goes down in a star network, the entire network typically stops functioning because all devices rely on the central hub or switch for communication.

Mnemonic: Star Network: Central Control, No Collisions

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Computer networking MCQ - Set 127

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