Computer networking MCQ – Change your future

161. The photonic layer of the SONET is similar to the..... of OSI model.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Physical layer.

Exam Relevance: Networking exams, Computer Science exams, Telecommunications exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The photonic layer in SONET (Synchronous Optical Network) is responsible for the physical transmission of data over optical fibers. This layer is analogous to the Physical layer in the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, which deals with the physical means of transmission, such as electrical signals, optical signals, and physical connectors.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the photonic layer with the Data Link layer, which handles error detection and correction, or the Network layer, which deals with routing and addressing.

Explanations: The photonic layer in SONET is concerned with the physical transmission of data over optical fibers, which is directly comparable to the Physical layer in the OSI model. Both layers are responsible for the physical aspects of data transmission, including the encoding and decoding of signals, and the physical medium over which the data is transmitted.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The Network layer in the OSI model is responsible for routing and addressing, not physical transmission.
Option B: The Data Link layer in the OSI model handles error detection and correction, not physical transmission.
Option C: The Physical layer in the OSI model is responsible for the physical transmission of data, which aligns with the photonic layer in SONET.
Option D: This option is incorrect as the photonic layer in SONET is indeed similar to the Physical layer in the OSI model.

162. ..... refers to the structure or format of the data, meaning the order in which they are presented.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Syntax.

Exam Relevance: Computer Science, Information Technology, Data Science

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Syntax refers to the structure or format of the data, meaning the order in which they are presented.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse syntax with semantics, which refers to the meaning of the data rather than its structure.

Explanations: Syntax is the correct answer because it specifically deals with the structure or format of the data, including the order in which data elements are presented. Semantics, on the other hand, deals with the meaning of the data, and timing refers to the sequence or scheduling of data transmission, not the structure itself.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Semantics refers to the meaning of the data, not the structure.
Option B: Syntax refers to the structure or format of the data, which is the correct answer.
Option C: Timing refers to the sequence or scheduling of data transmission, not the structure.
Option D: All of the above is incorrect because only syntax correctly refers to the structure of the data.

Mnemonic: S - Structure, Y - Syntax

163. In Frame Relay, the..... bit warns the sender of congestion in the network.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) BECN.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, Network+, CompTIA Network+

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: In Frame Relay, the BECN (Backward Explicit Congestion Notification) bit is used to warn the sender of congestion in the network.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse BECN with FECN (Forward Explicit Congestion Notification), which is used to notify the receiver of congestion.

Explanations: The BECN bit is set by the Frame Relay network to warn the sender of congestion. When a Frame Relay switch detects congestion, it sets the BECN bit in the frames being sent back to the sender. This alerts the sender to reduce the transmission rate to alleviate network congestion.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. BECN is used to warn the sender of congestion.
Option B: Incorrect. FECN is used to notify the receiver of congestion, not the sender.
Option C: Incorrect. Only BECN is correct for warning the sender.
Option D: Incorrect. BECN is the correct answer.

Mnemonic: BECN - Backward Explicit Congestion Notification

164. A switched WAN is normally implemented as a..... network.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Virtual-circuit.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CompTIA Network+, CIW Network Specialist

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A switched WAN typically operates using a virtual-circuit network, where a logical path is established between two endpoints for data transmission.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse virtual-circuit networks with datagram networks, where each packet is independently routed without a pre-established path.

Explanations: A switched WAN is normally implemented as a virtual-circuit network because it establishes a dedicated logical path between two endpoints. This path is maintained for the duration of the communication session, ensuring reliable and consistent data transmission. In contrast, datagram networks do not establish a dedicated path, and each packet is independently routed, which can lead to variable delivery times and potential packet loss.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Virtual-circuit networks establish a dedicated logical path for communication, which is typical in switched WANs.
Option B: Incorrect. Datagram networks do not establish a dedicated path, making them less suitable for switched WANs.
Option C: Incorrect. Circuit-switched networks are a different type of network that establishes a physical path, not a logical one.
Option D: Incorrect. This option is not applicable as the correct answer is provided.

Mnemonic: VC for WAN, like a virtual road.

165. What is a firewall?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) A program which determines what traffic is allowed to come in and out of a network, blocking traffic that seems out of place or suspicious.

Exam Relevance: CISSP, CompTIA Security+, CCNA Security

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A firewall is a security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse a firewall with other network security measures like encryption or private networks.

Explanations: A firewall is a security system that monitors and controls network traffic based on security rules. It allows legitimate traffic to pass through while blocking unauthorized or suspicious traffic. This function is critical for protecting networks from external threats and ensuring that only appropriate data flows in and out of the network.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This describes a protocol or set of rules for communication, not a firewall.
Option B: This accurately describes a firewall's function of controlling and blocking network traffic based on security rules.
Option C: This describes SSH (Secure Shell), which is a protocol for secure communication, not a firewall.
Option D: This describes a private network, which is a network that is not accessible to the public, not a firewall.

Mnemonic: Firewall: Filter and Block

166. Administrator may need to create a subnet without changing whole system to recognize

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Subnetted Address.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CISSP, CompTIA Network+

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Subnetting is a technique used to divide a larger network into smaller, more manageable subnetworks. This allows for better network management and can improve security and performance.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse subnetting with supernetting, which is the process of combining multiple subnets into a larger network.

Explanations: An administrator may need to create a subnet without changing the entire system to recognize it. This is achieved by using a subnetted address, which allows for the division of a larger network into smaller subnetworks. Subnetting does not require changes to the entire system, only to the specific subnets being created.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Subnetted Address allows for the creation of subnetworks without altering the entire system.
Option B: Incorrect. Supernetted Data refers to combining multiple subnets, not creating a new subnet.
Option C: Incorrect. Subnetted Link is not a standard term in networking.
Option D: Incorrect. Supernetted link is not a standard term in networking.

Mnemonic: Subnet = Sub-network

167. What does the Router not look for when choosing a route?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) The cheapest route.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CCNP, Network+

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Routers use routing protocols to determine the best path for data transmission based on various metrics, but cost is not one of them.

Common Mistakes: Students often assume that routers consider cost as a factor in route selection, but this is a common misconception.

Explanations: Routers do not consider the cost of a route when choosing a path. Instead, they use metrics such as hop count, bandwidth, delay, and reliability to determine the best path. The cost of a route is not a factor in routing decisions because routers are designed to optimize network performance and efficiency, not financial cost.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Routers do consider the speed of a route, often using metrics like bandwidth and delay.
Option B: Routers can indirectly consider traffic by using metrics like congestion and link utilization.
Option C: Routers do not consider the cost of a route when making routing decisions.
Option D: This option is incorrect as the cheapest route is indeed not considered by routers.

168. What is indicated when the domain name has only two letters like .us, .uk, .au, .mx, or .ca

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Country domain.

Exam Relevance: AP Computer Science Principles, SAT Subject Tests in Computer Science

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Two-letter domain names are typically used to represent countries.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse these with other types of domain names, such as private or secure domains.

Explanations: Two-letter domain names, such as .us, .uk, .au, .mx, and .ca, are known as country code top-level domains (ccTLDs). These domains are assigned to specific countries and territories according to the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 standard. Therefore, when a domain name has only two letters, it indicates a country domain.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Invalid domain. This is incorrect because two-letter domains are valid and represent country codes.
Option B: Private domain. This is incorrect because private domains are not typically represented by two-letter codes.
Option C: Secure domain. This is incorrect because security is indicated by protocols like HTTPS, not by the domain extension.
Option D: Country domain. This is correct because two-letter domains are country code top-level domains (ccTLDs).

Mnemonic: Think "Country Code" for two-letter domains.

169. Storage management comprises of

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) All of the mentioned.

Exam Relevance: CISSP, CompTIA Storage+, AWS Certified Storage

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Storage management encompasses various aspects of managing storage resources, including SAN management, data protection, and disk operations.

Common Mistakes: Students may overlook the comprehensive nature of storage management and focus only on one aspect, such as data protection, missing the broader scope.

Explanations: Storage management involves the administration and organization of storage resources to ensure efficient and effective data storage. This includes SAN (Storage Area Network) management, which deals with the configuration and maintenance of SANs. Data protection involves safeguarding data from loss, corruption, or unauthorized access. Disk operations refer to the management of disk drives and their performance. Since all these components are integral to storage management, the correct answer is "All of the mentioned."

Option Analysis:

Option A: SAN Management is a part of storage management but not the entirety.
Option B: Data protection is another critical aspect of storage management but not the only one.
Option C: Disk operation is also a component of storage management but not the sole focus.
Option D: This option correctly identifies that storage management includes all the mentioned aspects.

170. The simultaneous transmission of data to a number of stations is known as

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Broadcast.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CISSP, CompTIA Network+

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Broadcasting refers to the transmission of data to multiple recipients simultaneously.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse broadcast with other network terms like multicast or unicast.

Explanations: Broadcasting is the process of sending data to all devices within a network segment. This is in contrast to unicast, which sends data to a single device, and multicast, which sends data to a specific group of devices. The term "broadcast" accurately describes the simultaneous transmission of data to multiple stations.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Aloha is a random access protocol, not a method of data transmission to multiple stations.
Option B: Broadcast is the correct term for sending data to multiple stations simultaneously.
Option C: Bandwidth refers to the capacity of a network, not a method of data transmission.
Option D: Analog transmission refers to the method of transmitting data using continuous signals, not a method of sending data to multiple stations.

Mnemonic: Broad-cast: Broad as in wide, cast as in sending out.

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Computer networking MCQ - Set 17

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