Computer networking MCQ – Change your future

591. Select the correct order of layers in the 4 layer model:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Application, Transport, Internet, Link.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CISSP, CompTIA Network+

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The 4-layer model in networking is a simplified version of the OSI model, typically used in TCP/IP networking. It consists of the Application, Transport, Internet, and Link layers.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the order of the layers, particularly the Internet and Transport layers.

Explanations: The correct order of layers in the 4-layer model is Application, Transport, Internet, and Link. The Application layer is the topmost layer, responsible for providing services to the end user. The Transport layer ensures reliable data transfer between hosts. The Internet layer handles packet routing across networks. The Link layer deals with the physical transmission of data over a network.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. The order is Application, Transport, Internet, Link.
Option B: Incorrect. The order is not Transport, Internet, Link, Application.
Option C: Incorrect. The order is not Link, Transport, Application, Internet.
Option D: Incorrect. The order is not Internet, Application, Transport, Link.

Mnemonic: ATIL: Application, Transport, Internet, Link.

592. What is a network Ping?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) The round trip time for a message to an IP address.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CISSP, CompTIA Network+

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A network Ping is a utility used to test the reachability of a host on an IP network. It measures the time it takes for a message to travel from the sender to the destination and back.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse Ping with other network diagnostic tools or think it is related to sound or golf.

Explanations: A network Ping sends an ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo request to a specified IP address and waits for a reply. The time taken for the message to travel to the destination and back is known as the round trip time. This measurement helps in assessing the network latency and the reachability of the host.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This is incorrect as a duck in a storybook is unrelated to network diagnostics.
Option B: This is incorrect as a type of golf club is unrelated to network diagnostics.
Option C: This is correct as it accurately describes the function of a network Ping.
Option D: This is incorrect as the sound that sonar makes is unrelated to network diagnostics.

593. A(n)..... medium provides a physical conduit from one device to another.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Guided.

Exam Relevance: Networking exams, Computer Science exams, Telecommunications exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A guided medium provides a physical path for the transmission of signals, such as cables or optical fibers.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse guided media with unguided media, which do not require a physical path for signal transmission.

Explanations: Guided media, such as twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and optical fibers, provide a physical conduit for the transmission of data. This physical path ensures that the signal travels directly from one device to another, minimizing interference and loss. Unguided media, on the other hand, do not have a physical path and use the air or space for signal transmission, such as in wireless communication.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Guided media provide a physical conduit for signal transmission.
Option B: Incorrect. Unguided media do not provide a physical conduit and use the air or space for signal transmission.
Option C: Incorrect. Only guided media provide a physical conduit.
Option D: Incorrect. Guided media is the correct answer.

Mnemonic: Cable, Fiber, Wire - Guided

594. UDP uses..... to handle incoming user datagrams that go to different processes on the same host.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Demultiplexing.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CISSP, CompTIA Network+

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Demultiplexing is the process of separating multiple signals or data streams into individual components. In the context of UDP, it refers to the mechanism used to direct incoming datagrams to the appropriate application or process based on the port number.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse demultiplexing with multiplexing, which combines multiple signals into one. Demultiplexing is the reverse process, separating signals.

Explanations: UDP uses demultiplexing to handle incoming user datagrams that go to different processes on the same host. Each datagram contains a destination port number, which the operating system uses to determine which application or process should receive the datagram. This ensures that the datagram is correctly delivered to the intended recipient.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Flow control is not related to handling incoming datagrams; it is a mechanism to prevent data overflow.
Option B: Multiplexing combines multiple signals into one, which is the opposite of what is needed for handling incoming datagrams.
Option C: Demultiplexing separates incoming datagrams to the appropriate process based on the port number, making it the correct answer.
Option D: None of the above is incorrect because demultiplexing is the correct mechanism used by UDP.

Mnemonic: D for Demultiplexing, D for Delivering datagrams.

595. A network has a data transmission bandwidth of $20 \times 10^6$ bits per second. It uses CSMA/CD in the MAC layer. The maximum signal propagation time from one node to another node is 40 microseconds. The minimum size of a frame in the network is..... bytes.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) 200.

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In a CSMA/CD network, the minimum frame size is determined by the round-trip propagation time and the data transmission rate. The minimum frame size ensures that a node can detect a collision before the entire frame is transmitted.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the propagation delay with the transmission delay, leading to incorrect calculations.

Explanations: To find the minimum frame size, we use the formula: \[ \text{Minimum Frame Size} = 2 \times \text{Propagation Time} \times \text{Bandwidth} \] Given: - Propagation Time = 40 microseconds = 40 \times 10^{-6} seconds - Bandwidth = 20 \times 10^6 \text{ bits per second} Substitute the values into the formula: \[ \text{Minimum Frame Size} = 2 \times 40 \times 10^{-6} \times 20 \times 10^6 \text{ bits} \] \[ \text{Minimum Frame Size} = 2 \times 40 \times 20 \text{ bits} \] \[ \text{Minimum Frame Size} = 1600 \text{ bits} \] Convert bits to bytes: \[ \text{Minimum Frame Size} = \frac{1600 \text{ bits}}{8} = 200 \text{ bytes} \] Thus, the minimum frame size is 200 bytes.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. The minimum frame size is 200 bytes.
Option B: Incorrect. This value does not match the calculated minimum frame size.
Option C: Incorrect. This value does not match the calculated minimum frame size.
Option D: Incorrect. This value does not match the calculated minimum frame size.

596. Port address is also known as

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Service point address.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CISSP, CompTIA Network+

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Port address is a term used in networking to refer to a specific endpoint in a communication session. It is also known as a service point address.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse port address with physical addresses like MAC addresses or IP addresses, which are different types of addresses used in networking.

Explanations: A port address is a 16-bit number that identifies a specific process or service on a host. It is used in conjunction with an IP address to direct traffic to the correct application. This is why it is also referred to as a service point address, as it points to a specific service or application on a host.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Port address is also known as a service point address.
Option B: Incorrect. Receiver point address is not a standard term for port address.
Option C: Incorrect. Sender point address is not a standard term for port address.
Option D: Incorrect. Both B and C are incorrect terms for port address.

597. ..... is part of the media; its location in the Internet model is below the physical layer.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) A passive hub.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, Network+, CIW

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In the Internet model, the physical layer is responsible for the transmission of raw bit streams over a physical medium. A passive hub operates below this layer, as it simply forwards data without any processing.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse active hubs with passive hubs, as both are types of hubs used in networking. However, active hubs operate at the physical layer, while passive hubs operate below it.

Explanations: A passive hub is a simple device that does not process or modify the data it receives. It merely forwards the data to all connected devices. This operation is below the physical layer, as it does not involve any processing or modification of the data stream. In contrast, an active hub operates at the physical layer, as it regenerates and amplifies the signal, which involves some level of processing.

Option Analysis:

Option A: An active hub operates at the physical layer, not below it.
Option B: A passive hub operates below the physical layer, as it does not process the data.
Option C: This option is incorrect because only a passive hub operates below the physical layer.
Option D: This option is incorrect because a passive hub does operate below the physical layer.

598. Is a network of online content that is formatted in HTML and accessed using HTTP over the Internet.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) WWW.

Exam Relevance: SAT, ACT, AP Computer Science Principles

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The World Wide Web (WWW) is a network of online content that is formatted in HTML and accessed using HTTP over the Internet.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse HTTP with the entire network, but HTTP is just the protocol used to transfer data over the web.

Explanations: The World Wide Web (WWW) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. These documents are formatted in HTML and are accessed using HTTP. Therefore, the correct answer is the WWW, as it encompasses the network of online content formatted in HTML and accessed via HTTP over the Internet.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. The WWW is the network of online content formatted in HTML and accessed using HTTP over the Internet.
Option B: Incorrect. Domain Type refers to the type of domain (e.g., .com, .org), not the network itself.
Option C: Incorrect. HTTP is the protocol used to transfer data over the web, not the network itself.
Option D: Incorrect. Domain Name is the human-readable address of a website, not the network itself.

599. The effective bandwidth delivered end-to-end by the network to an application is upper bounded by the minimum across all three potential bottleneck areas:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Effective bandwidth = min(BW NetworkInjection, BW Network, BW NetworkReception).

Exam Relevance: Computer Networks, Data Communication, Network Engineering

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The effective bandwidth delivered end-to-end by the network to an application is limited by the smallest bandwidth among the network injection, network transmission, and network reception stages.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the concept of minimum bandwidth with maximum bandwidth, leading to incorrect selection of the maximum function instead of the minimum function.

Explanations: The effective bandwidth is determined by the weakest link in the communication chain. The minimum function ensures that the effective bandwidth is not greater than the smallest bandwidth among the three stages: network injection, network transmission, and network reception. This is because the overall performance is constrained by the slowest component.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option correctly applies the minimum function to determine the effective bandwidth, which is the correct approach.
Option B: This option incorrectly uses the maximum function, which would not accurately represent the effective bandwidth.
Option C: This option incorrectly combines the network injection and network transmission bandwidths before comparing with the network reception bandwidth, which does not reflect the correct method of determining the effective bandwidth.
Option D: This option incorrectly combines the network injection and network transmission bandwidths before comparing with the network reception bandwidth using the maximum function, which is not the correct method.

Mnemonic: Min Bandwidth, Min Link, Min Constraint

600. A home user is looking for an ISP connection that provides high speed digital transmission over regular phone lines. What ISP connection type should be used?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) DSL.

Exam Relevance: IT Essentials, CompTIA A+

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is a technology that provides high-speed internet over regular phone lines.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse DSL with dial-up, which is a much slower technology that also uses phone lines.

Explanations: DSL technology allows for high-speed digital transmission over regular phone lines, making it suitable for a home user seeking fast internet. It does not interfere with phone calls, unlike dial-up, which requires the phone line to be in use for the internet connection.

Option Analysis:

Option A: DSL is the correct choice as it provides high-speed digital transmission over regular phone lines.
Option B: Dial-up is a slower technology that uses phone lines but does not provide high-speed transmission.
Option C: Satellite internet is not dependent on phone lines and typically has higher latency and lower speeds compared to DSL.
Option D: Cell modem connections are mobile and can vary in speed, but they do not use regular phone lines.

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Computer networking MCQ - Set 60

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