Computer networking MCQ – Change your future

751. Which topology uses the token passing algorithm?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Ring.

Exam Relevance: Computer Networks, Data Communications, Network Fundamentals

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Token passing is a method used in network topologies to control access to a shared communication channel. In a ring topology, devices are connected in a circular configuration, and a token is passed around the ring to grant permission to transmit data.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse token passing with other access methods like CSMA/CD used in bus topologies or the centralized control in star topologies.

Explanations: In a ring topology, devices are connected in a circular configuration. The token passing algorithm ensures that only one device can transmit data at a time by passing a token around the ring. When a device has the token, it can transmit data; otherwise, it waits for the token to arrive. This method prevents data collisions and ensures orderly data transmission.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Mesh topology does not use token passing. Devices in a mesh topology are interconnected with multiple redundant interconnections between network nodes.
Option B: Star topology does not use token passing. In a star topology, all devices are connected to a central hub or switch, which controls data transmission.
Option C: Bus topology does not use token passing. Devices in a bus topology are connected to a single communication line, and data transmission is controlled by methods like CSMA/CD.
Option D: Ring topology uses token passing to control data transmission. Devices are connected in a circular configuration, and a token is passed around the ring to grant permission to transmit data.

Mnemonic: Ring = Round Robin Token

752. This device is often described as a powerful computer that provides services. One example of a service that it can provide is shared access to files such as text, images, sound, or video. What is the device?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Server.

Exam Relevance: AP Computer Science Principles, CompTIA Network+, CCNA

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A server is a powerful computer that provides services to other computers or devices on a network. One of its primary functions is to share files such as text, images, sound, or video.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse a server with a router or hub, which are also network devices but serve different purposes.

Explanations: A server is designed to provide services to other devices on a network. One of these services is file sharing, which includes text, images, sound, and video files. This makes it the correct answer as it aligns with the description provided in the question.

Option Analysis:

Option A: A router is a device that directs data traffic between different networks, not a powerful computer that provides services like file sharing.
Option B: A hub is a simple networking device that connects multiple devices together, but it does not provide services like file sharing.
Option C: A network is a collection of devices connected together, not a single device that provides services.
Option D: A server is a powerful computer that provides services, including file sharing, making it the correct answer.

Mnemonic: S-P-S: Server Provides Services

753. Which of the following is the set of rules that governs data communication?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Protocols.

Exam Relevance: Networking exams, Computer Science exams, IT certifications

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Protocols are the set of rules that govern data communication.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse protocols with standards, which are more general guidelines rather than specific rules for communication.

Explanations: Protocols define the specific rules and procedures for data communication, including formats, timing, and error checking. Standards, on the other hand, are broader guidelines that may include protocols but also cover other aspects of technology and communication. Protocols are essential for ensuring that different systems can communicate effectively and reliably.

Option Analysis:

Option A: FCC (Federal Communications Commission) is a regulatory body, not a set of rules for data communication.
Option B: Standards are general guidelines and not the specific rules governing data communication.
Option C: Protocols are the correct answer as they define the specific rules for data communication.
Option D: RFCs (Request for Comments) are documents that describe methods, behaviors, research, or innovations applicable to the Internet but are not the set of rules themselves.

754. Communication network is

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) A collection of interconnected functional units that provides a data communications service among stations attached to the network.

Exam Relevance: Computer Networks, Data Communications, Network Fundamentals

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A communication network is defined as a system of interconnected devices that facilitate the exchange of data and information between multiple points.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the definition of a communication network with the definition of a conductor or a frequency, which are components within a network but not the network itself.

Explanations: A communication network is a system that connects multiple devices or stations, allowing them to communicate and exchange data. This definition aligns with the correct answer, which describes a collection of interconnected functional units that provide a data communication service among the stations attached to the network. The other options describe components or phenomena related to communication but do not define a network itself.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This describes a carrier signal, not a network.
Option B: This describes a collision in a network, not the network itself.
Option C: This describes a bus or a backbone in a network, not the network itself.
Option D: This correctly defines a communication network.

755. In CRC the quotient at the sender

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Is discarded.

Exam Relevance: Computer Networks, Data Communication, Information Theory

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check), the quotient is not used in the transmission or verification process.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the roles of the dividend, divisor, quotient, and remainder in the CRC process.

Explanations: In CRC, the sender performs polynomial division on the data to generate a remainder, which is appended to the data before transmission. The receiver performs the same polynomial division on the received data to check for errors. The quotient is not needed for this process and is discarded. The remainder is used to verify the integrity of the data.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The quotient does not become the dividend at the receiver. The dividend is the original data.
Option B: The quotient does not become the divisor at the receiver. The divisor is a predefined polynomial.
Option C: The quotient is discarded because it is not used in the error detection process.
Option D: The remainder, not the quotient, is the result used for error detection.

756. Let G(x) be the generator polynomial used for CRC checking. What is the condition that should be satisfied by G(x) to detect odd number of bits in error?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) 1+x is a factor of G(x).

Exam Relevance: GATE, IEEE, ECE exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The generator polynomial G(x) used for CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) must satisfy certain conditions to detect errors effectively. One such condition is that G(x) should be a factor of 1+x to detect odd numbers of bit errors.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the conditions for detecting even and odd numbers of bit errors. The condition for detecting odd numbers of bit errors is that 1+x must be a factor of G(x), not that G(x) must have an odd number of terms.

Explanations: To detect an odd number of bit errors, the generator polynomial G(x) must be divisible by 1+x. This is because the polynomial 1+x represents a single bit error. If G(x) is divisible by 1+x, it means that G(x) can detect any error pattern that is a multiple of 1+x, which includes all odd numbers of bit errors. Therefore, the correct condition is that 1+x must be a factor of G(x).

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is incorrect because the number of terms in G(x) does not directly determine its ability to detect odd numbers of bit errors.
Option B: This option is incorrect because it pertains to the condition for detecting burst errors, not specifically odd numbers of bit errors.
Option C: This option is correct because if 1+x is a factor of G(x), it ensures that G(x) can detect any odd number of bit errors.
Option D: This option is incorrect because the number of terms in G(x) is not the determining factor for detecting odd numbers of bit errors.

757. This device allows multiple devices to connect and transfer data on a network.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) A switch.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, Network+ Certification

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A switch is a networking device that allows multiple devices to connect and transfer data on a network.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse a switch with a router, which also connects devices but operates at a different layer of the network.

Explanations: A switch operates at the data link layer of the OSI model and enables devices to communicate directly with each other within the same network segment. It forwards data packets to the intended recipient based on MAC addresses, allowing efficient data transfer between multiple devices.

Option Analysis:

Option A: A mouse is an input device and does not facilitate network communication.
Option B: A switch is the correct answer as it allows multiple devices to connect and transfer data on a network.
Option C: A motherboard is a component of a computer that connects various hardware components but does not manage network communication.
Option D: A CPU is the central processing unit of a computer and does not manage network communication.

Mnemonic: Switch = Switches, Switches, Switches

758. High data rate of SONET's carrier reflects design and philosophy of

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) ATM.

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: SONET (Synchronous Optical Network) is a standard for transmitting a large volume of data over optical fiber with standardized protocols. The high data rate of SONET's carrier reflects the design and philosophy of ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), which is a switching technique that organizes data into small, fixed-size cells for efficient transmission over a network.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse SONET with other data transmission methods like TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) or CDM (Code Division Multiplexing), which do not align with the high data rate and cell-based switching philosophy of SONET.

Explanations: SONET's high data rate is designed to support the cell-based switching philosophy of ATM. ATM uses small, fixed-size cells to efficiently transmit data, which aligns with the high-speed, high-capacity requirements of SONET. This makes ATM the correct answer as it reflects the design philosophy of SONET's carrier.

Option Analysis:

Option A: CDM (Code Division Multiplexing) is a method of transmitting multiple signals simultaneously over a single channel using unique codes. It does not align with the high data rate and cell-based switching philosophy of SONET.
Option B: TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single channel by dividing the time into slots. It does not align with the high data rate and cell-based switching philosophy of SONET.
Option C: ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) is a switching technique that organizes data into small, fixed-size cells for efficient transmission over a network. This aligns with the high data rate and cell-based switching philosophy of SONET.
Option D: PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) is a type of connection in ATM networks, but it does not reflect the overall design philosophy of SONET's carrier.

759. In temporal compression, redundant frames are

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Removed.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GATE, IEEE

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Temporal compression is a technique used in video processing to reduce the amount of data by eliminating redundant frames.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse temporal compression with other forms of compression, such as spatial compression, which focuses on reducing redundancy within individual frames.

Explanations: Temporal compression aims to reduce redundancy by removing frames that do not add significant new information. This process helps in reducing the overall data size without significantly affecting the perceived quality of the video.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Channelizing frames does not align with the concept of temporal compression, which focuses on reducing data by removing redundant frames.
Option B: Organizing frames does not reduce redundancy; it merely arranges them in a specific order, which is not the goal of temporal compression.
Option C: Digitizing frames refers to converting analog frames into digital format, which is not related to the process of reducing redundancy through temporal compression.
Option D: Removing redundant frames is the correct approach in temporal compression to reduce data size.

760. ..... encoding is based on the science of psychoacoustics, which is the study of how people perceive sound.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Perceptual.

Exam Relevance: Digital Signal Processing, Audio Engineering, Multimedia Systems

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Perceptual encoding is based on the science of psychoacoustics, which studies how humans perceive sound.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse perceptual encoding with predictive encoding, which is a different method used in data compression.

Explanations: Perceptual encoding is based on the science of psychoacoustics, which is the study of how people perceive sound. This encoding method takes advantage of the limitations and characteristics of human hearing to compress audio data without significantly affecting the perceived quality. Therefore, the correct answer is perceptual encoding.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Predictive encoding is not based on psychoacoustics but rather on predicting future values based on past data.
Option B: Perceptual encoding is based on psychoacoustics, making it the correct answer.
Option C: Both options are not correct as only perceptual encoding is based on psychoacoustics.
Option D: None of the above is incorrect because perceptual encoding is the correct answer.

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Computer networking MCQ - Set 76

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