Computer networking MCQ

981. In.....signaling, the same circuit is used for both signaling and data.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) In-band.

Exam Relevance: Networking exams, Telecommunications exams, Computer Science exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: In-band signaling uses the same channel for both signaling and data transmission.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse in-band signaling with out-of-band signaling, where a separate channel is used for signaling.

Explanations: In-band signaling is a method where the signaling information is transmitted over the same channel as the data. This means that the same circuit is used for both signaling and data, making it efficient in terms of resource utilization. The correct answer is (A) In-band.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. In-band signaling uses the same channel for signaling and data.
Option B: Incorrect. Out-of-band signaling uses a separate channel for signaling.
Option C: Incorrect. Mixed signaling is not a standard term in this context.
Option D: Incorrect. None of the above is not applicable here.

982. The structure or format of data is called

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Syntax.

Exam Relevance: Computer Science, Data Science, Programming Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The structure or format of data is referred to as syntax.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse syntax with semantics, which refers to the meaning of the data rather than its structure.

Explanations: Syntax refers to the rules and structure that govern the arrangement of symbols, words, and phrases in a language or data format. It defines how data should be organized and presented. Semantics, on the other hand, deals with the meaning of the data. Therefore, the structure or format of data is correctly described by syntax.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Syntax refers to the structure or format of data.
Option B: Incorrect. Semantics refers to the meaning of data, not its structure.
Option C: Incorrect. "Struct" is not a standard term for the structure of data.
Option D: Incorrect. The correct answer is provided in the options.

Mnemonic: S - Structure, Y - Syntax

983. Computer network which spans a large physical area, connecting several sites of an organization across cities, countries and continents is known as

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) WAN.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CISSP, CompTIA Network+

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A WAN (Wide Area Network) spans a large geographical area, connecting multiple sites across cities, countries, and continents.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse WAN with LAN (Local Area Network), which covers a smaller area such as a single building or campus.

Explanations: WANs are designed to connect multiple LANs over large distances, often using leased telecommunication lines or the internet. This makes WANs suitable for organizations with multiple locations spread across different regions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: LAN (Local Area Network) covers a small geographical area, such as a single building or campus.
Option B: MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) covers a larger area than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, typically a city or large campus.
Option C: WAN (Wide Area Network) spans a large geographical area, connecting multiple sites across cities, countries, and continents.
Option D: PAN (Personal Area Network) covers a very small area, such as within a person's workspace.

Mnemonic: WAN: Wide Area Network, "W" for "Worldwide"

984. A front-end processor is

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) A minicomputer that relieves main-frame computers at a computer centre of communications control functions.

Exam Relevance: Computer Architecture, Operating Systems, Network Engineering

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A front-end processor is a specialized computer that handles communication tasks, freeing up the mainframe to focus on other processing tasks.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse a front-end processor with a user computer system or a preliminary processor of batch jobs, which are not its primary functions.

Explanations: A front-end processor is a minicomputer designed to manage communication tasks between the mainframe and peripheral devices or terminals. This allows the mainframe to focus on more complex computational tasks, thereby improving overall system efficiency. The front-end processor handles tasks such as data transmission, error checking, and protocol management, which are essential for maintaining smooth communication but can be resource-intensive for the mainframe.

Option Analysis:

Option A: A user computer system is not a front-end processor; it is a system used by end-users for various tasks.
Option B: Preliminary processor of batch jobs is not a front-end processor; it is a system that processes batch jobs before they are executed by the mainframe.
Option C: A processor in a large-scale computer that executes operating system instructions is not a front-end processor; it is a component of the mainframe itself.
Option D: A minicomputer that relieves main-frame computers at a computer centre of communications control functions is the correct definition of a front-end processor.

Mnemonic: FEP: Front-End Processor, Freeing Mainframes

985. Choose the wrong statement

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Pathping combines the functionality of ping with that of route.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CISSP, CompTIA Network+

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Pathping is a network utility that combines the functionality of ping and traceroute (route) to provide detailed information about network latency and packet loss along the path to a destination.

Common Mistakes: Students may incorrectly assume that pathping only performs a simple ping operation without understanding its additional traceroute capabilities.

Explanations: Pathping is a network diagnostic tool that sends ICMP echo requests to each hop along the path to a destination, similar to ping. However, it also performs a traceroute-like function to identify each router along the path, similar to the route command. This combination allows pathping to provide detailed information about network performance and reliability, making it a more comprehensive tool than simple ping or route commands.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Nslookup is indeed used to query a DNS server for DNS data, making this statement correct.
Option B: Ping is used to check connectivity by sending ICMP echo requests to a host, making this statement correct.
Option C: Pathping combines the functionality of ping with that of route, making this statement incorrect as it is the correct answer.
Option D: Ifconfig is used to configure TCP/IP network interface parameters, making this statement correct.

986. Only one packet for each destination is allowed at each tick; if there is more than one, they wait for next tick in

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Batcher-banyan switch.

Exam Relevance: Computer Networks, Data Communication, Network Engineering

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In a Batcher-banyan switch, only one packet for each destination is allowed at each tick. If there are multiple packets for the same destination, they wait until the next tick.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the Batcher-banyan switch with other types of switches that do not have the same restriction on packet transmission.

Explanations: The Batcher-banyan switch is designed to handle packet transmission in a way that ensures only one packet for each destination is processed at each tick. This is a key feature of the Batcher-banyan switch, which helps in managing congestion and ensuring orderly packet delivery. If there are multiple packets destined for the same location, they are queued and processed in subsequent ticks, ensuring that the switch does not become overloaded with simultaneous requests for the same destination.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Banyan switch does not have the same restriction on packet transmission as the Batcher-banyan switch.
Option B: Batcher-banyan switch ensures only one packet for each destination is allowed at each tick, making it the correct answer.
Option C: Crossbar switch does not have the same restriction on packet transmission as the Batcher-banyan switch.
Option D: Time-space-time switch does not have the same restriction on packet transmission as the Batcher-banyan switch.

987. Which of the following are layers in the TCP/IP model? 1. Application 2. Session 3. Transport 4. Internet 5. Data Link 6. Physical

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) 1, 3 and 4.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CISSP, CompTIA Network+

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The TCP/IP model consists of four layers: Application, Transport, Internet, and Link. The Application layer is the topmost layer, responsible for application-specific data. The Transport layer is responsible for end-to-end communication. The Internet layer handles packet routing. The Link layer deals with physical transmission.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the TCP/IP model with the OSI model, which includes additional layers like Session and Presentation.

Explanations: The correct answer includes the Application layer, which is the topmost layer in the TCP/IP model. The Transport layer is responsible for end-to-end communication between hosts. The Internet layer is responsible for routing packets across networks. The Session and Physical layers are not part of the TCP/IP model.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because the Session layer is not part of the TCP/IP model.
Option B: Correct because it includes the Application, Transport, and Internet layers, which are part of the TCP/IP model.
Option C: Incorrect because the Session and Physical layers are not part of the TCP/IP model.
Option D: Incorrect because the Physical layer is not part of the TCP/IP model.

Mnemonic: ATI - Application, Transport, Internet

988. TCP process may not write and read data at the same speed. So we need..... for storage.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Buffers.

Exam Relevance: Computer Networks, Data Communications, Network Security

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Buffers are temporary storage areas used to hold data while it is being transferred between processes or devices that operate at different speeds.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse packets, segments, or stacks with buffers, as all are related to data transmission but serve different purposes.

Explanations: Buffers are used to store data temporarily when the sending and receiving processes operate at different speeds. This ensures that data is not lost and can be processed efficiently. Packets and segments are units of data transmitted over a network, while stacks are data structures used for various purposes, including managing network protocols.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Packets are units of data transmitted over a network, not storage areas.
Option B: Buffers are temporary storage areas used to hold data during transmission.
Option C: Segments are parts of a packet used in TCP, not storage areas.
Option D: Stacks are data structures used for managing network protocols, not storage areas.

Mnemonic: Buffers Balance Bandwidth

989. X.21 is

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Network access standard for connecting stations to a circuit-switched network.

Exam Relevance: Computer Networks, Data Communication, Network Engineering

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: X.21 is a standard for connecting data terminal equipment (DTE) to data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) in a circuit-switched network.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse X.21 with other data link protocols or access control methods, such as CSMA/CD or HDLC.

Explanations: X.21 is a network access standard that defines the physical and electrical specifications for connecting data terminal equipment (DTE) to data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) in a circuit-switched network. It is not a method of access control or a data link protocol, but rather a standard for the physical connection between devices in a network.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This describes a method of access control, not a network access standard.
Option B: This describes a method of access control, not a network access standard.
Option C: This describes a data link protocol, not a network access standard.
Option D: This correctly identifies X.21 as a network access standard for connecting stations to a circuit-switched network.

Mnemonic: X.21: Connects DTE to DCE in a circuit-switched network.

990. What is the number of separate protocol layers at the serial interface gateway specified by the X.25 standard?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) 3.

Exam Relevance: Computer Networks, Data Communications, Network Protocols

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The X.25 standard specifies a layered protocol structure at the serial interface gateway. This structure is designed to ensure reliable data transmission over a network.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the number of layers with the layers in other networking models, such as the OSI model, which has seven layers.

Explanations: The X.25 standard defines three distinct layers at the serial interface gateway: the Physical Layer, the Data Link Layer, and the Packet Layer. The Physical Layer deals with the physical transmission of data, the Data Link Layer ensures error-free transmission of data frames, and the Packet Layer handles the routing and flow control of packets. Therefore, the correct number of separate protocol layers at the serial interface gateway specified by the X.25 standard is 3.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect, as the X.25 standard specifies three layers, not four.
Option B: Incorrect, as the X.25 standard specifies three layers, not two.
Option C: Incorrect, as the X.25 standard specifies three layers, not six.
Option D: Correct, as the X.25 standard specifies three layers at the serial interface gateway.

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Computer networking MCQ - Set 99

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