Information and Communication Technology MCQ

811. Script kiddie is

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) A person, usually not an expert in computer security, who breaks into computer systems by using prepackaged automated tools written by others.

Exam Relevance: CISSP, CEH, CompTIA Security+

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Script kiddies are individuals who use prewritten scripts or tools to carry out cyberattacks, often without a deep understanding of the underlying technology.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse script kiddies with more skilled hackers who write their own code or have a deep understanding of computer security.

Explanations: The term "script kiddie" refers to individuals who lack expertise in computer security but use prepackaged tools to break into computer systems. This definition aligns with the provided answer, as it emphasizes the use of automated tools and the lack of expertise.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This describes a broader category of cybercriminals, not specifically script kiddies.
Option B: This accurately defines a script kiddie, highlighting the use of prepackaged tools and the lack of expertise.
Option C: This describes a hacktivist, not a script kiddie.
Option D: This is incorrect as the correct definition is provided in Option B.

812. An adder which adds three binary digits and outputs a result bit and a carry bit is referred as

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Full adder.

Exam Relevance: GATE, ECE, CS

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A full adder is a digital circuit that performs the addition of three binary digits, producing a sum bit and a carry bit.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse a full adder with a half adder, which only adds two binary digits.

Explanations: A full adder is designed to add three binary digits: two significant bits and a carry-in bit. It outputs a sum bit and a carry-out bit. This functionality matches the description given in the question, making the full adder the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: A half adder only adds two binary digits, not three.
Option B: There is no standard digital circuit called a quarter adder.
Option C: A full adder adds three binary digits and outputs a sum and a carry, which fits the description.
Option D: The correct answer is provided among the options.

813. Which of the following memory allocation scheme suffers from external fragmentation?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Segmentation.

Exam Relevance: Operating Systems, Computer Architecture, Advanced Programming

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Segmentation is a memory allocation scheme where the memory is divided into variable-sized segments. External fragmentation occurs when there is enough total free space in memory to satisfy a request, but the free space is not contiguous.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse external fragmentation with internal fragmentation, which is a different issue where allocated memory is not fully utilized.

Explanations: Segmentation allows processes to be divided into segments of varying sizes, which can lead to external fragmentation. This is because the memory is not allocated in a contiguous manner, and over time, small gaps of free memory can accumulate, making it difficult to allocate larger contiguous blocks of memory even if the total free space is sufficient.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Segmentation suffers from external fragmentation because it divides memory into variable-sized segments, leading to non-contiguous allocation and potential gaps in memory.
Option B: Reallocation is not a memory allocation scheme and does not directly relate to fragmentation issues.
Option C: Swapping is a technique for managing memory by moving processes between main memory and secondary storage, and it does not directly cause external fragmentation.
Option D: This option is incorrect as segmentation does suffer from external fragmentation.

814. Records activities of the user, such as the password they type into the computer, and transmits this information to the person who wrote the malware.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Spyware.

Exam Relevance: CompTIA Security+, CISSP, CEH

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Spyware is a type of malware that records user activities and transmits this information to a third party.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse spyware with other types of malware, such as viruses or trojans, which do not specifically record and transmit user activities.

Explanations: Spyware is designed to monitor and record user activities, such as keystrokes, and then transmit this information to a remote attacker. This matches the description given in the question, making spyware the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Spyware records user activities and transmits this information to a third party.
Option B: Incorrect. Smishing is a form of phishing that uses SMS text messages to trick users into providing sensitive information.
Option C: Incorrect. Vishing is a form of phishing that uses voice calls to trick users into providing sensitive information.
Option D: Incorrect. A DNS server translates domain names into IP addresses and does not record or transmit user activities.

Mnemonic: S-P-Y: Spyware Peeks Your activities.

815. Computer Virus is a

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Software.

Exam Relevance: SAT, ACT, AP Computer Science Principles

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A computer virus is a type of malicious software designed to spread from one computer to another and to interfere with normal computer operations.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe a computer virus is a hardware issue or a biological entity like a bacteria.

Explanations: A computer virus is a form of software that is designed to replicate and spread to other computers. It is not a physical component (hardware) or a biological entity (bacteria). Therefore, the correct classification is software.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect, as a computer virus is not a physical component of a computer.
Option B: Incorrect, as a computer virus is not a biological entity.
Option C: Correct, as a computer virus is a type of malicious software.
Option D: Incorrect, as the correct classification is software.

816. A spyware and adware removal computer program is known as.....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Spybot.

Exam Relevance: CompTIA Security+, CIW Security Analyst

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Spybot is a well-known software designed to detect and remove spyware and adware from computers.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Spybot with other types of security software, such as antivirus programs or rootkits.

Explanations: Spybot is specifically designed to identify and remove spyware and adware, which are types of malicious software that can track user activity and deliver unwanted advertisements. This makes it a suitable answer for a program that removes spyware and adware.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Rootkit is a type of malicious software that hides its presence and provides unauthorized access to a computer, not a removal tool.
Option B: Script Kiddie refers to an individual who uses scripts or programs written by others to attack computer systems, not a removal tool.
Option C: Spybot is a software designed to detect and remove spyware and adware, making it the correct answer.
Option D: None of these is incorrect as Spybot is a valid and well-known spyware and adware removal tool.

817. How do ISP's provide internet access to your home?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Router.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CompTIA Network+, IT Essentials

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Routers are devices that connect multiple devices to the internet and manage the flow of data between them.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse routers with other networking devices like modems or switches.

Explanations: Routers are essential for providing internet access to homes. They connect to the ISP's network and distribute the internet connection to multiple devices within a home network. Routers manage the data flow and ensure that data packets are directed to the correct devices.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Routers are used to provide internet access to homes by connecting to the ISP's network and managing the data flow within the home network.
Option B: Incorrect. Hard drives are storage devices and do not provide internet access.
Option C: Incorrect. Power supplies provide electrical power to devices but do not provide internet access.
Option D: Incorrect. CPUs process data but do not provide internet access.

Mnemonic: Routers Route, Others Don't.

818. RAM is used as a short memory because it is

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Volatile.

Exam Relevance: Computer Science, IT Fundamentals, Operating Systems

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: RAM (Random Access Memory) is used as short-term memory because it is volatile, meaning it loses its data when the power is turned off.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse RAM with ROM (Read-Only Memory), which is non-volatile and retains data even when power is off.

Explanations: RAM is volatile, which means it requires a constant power supply to retain data. When the power is turned off, the data in RAM is lost. This characteristic makes RAM suitable for short-term memory, as it can quickly store and retrieve data while the system is running. In contrast, non-volatile memory like ROM retains data even without power, making it unsuitable for short-term memory tasks.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. RAM is volatile and loses data when power is off, making it suitable for short-term memory.
Option B: Incorrect. The capacity of RAM is not the reason it is used as short-term memory.
Option C: Incorrect. The cost of RAM is not related to its use as short-term memory.
Option D: Incorrect. RAM is not typically described as programmable in the context of short-term memory.

Mnemonic: VOLATILE RAM: "Volatile Only Loses All Temporary Information, Leaving Everything"

819. What is the name of the memory card which is conceptually related to the smart card but is similar to the video disk?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Laser card.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, IT Certification Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A laser card is a type of memory card that combines the concept of a smart card with the storage capacity of a video disk. It uses laser technology to read and write data, similar to how a video disk operates.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the laser card with an optical card, which also uses optical technology but does not have the same storage capacity or laser-based read/write mechanism.

Explanations: The laser card is conceptually related to the smart card because it can store and process data like a smart card. However, it is similar to a video disk in its use of laser technology for data storage and retrieval. This makes the laser card the correct answer as it fulfills both criteria mentioned in the question.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Laser card is the correct answer as it combines the concept of a smart card with the storage capacity and laser technology of a video disk.
Option B: Incorrect. Master card is a type of credit card and does not relate to the concept of a video disk or laser technology.
Option C: Incorrect. Visa is a payment system and does not relate to the concept of a video disk or laser technology.
Option D: Incorrect. An optical card uses optical technology but does not have the same storage capacity or laser-based read/write mechanism as a laser card.

Mnemonic: Laser card, like a video disk, uses laser light.

820. The SQL command to choose which columns will be displayed in a query

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) SELECT.

Exam Relevance: SQL Server Certification, Oracle Certification, MySQL Certification

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The SELECT statement in SQL is used to retrieve data from a database. It specifies which columns to display in the result set.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the SELECT statement with other SQL commands like SHOW or WHERE, which have different purposes.

Explanations: The SELECT statement is used to specify the columns that should be displayed in the query result. It is the primary command for retrieving data from a database. The other options, such as SHOW, FROM, and WHERE, serve different purposes in SQL queries.

Option Analysis:

Option A: SELECT is the correct command for specifying which columns to display in a query.
Option B: SHOW is not a standard SQL command for selecting columns; it is used for displaying information about databases, tables, etc.
Option C: FROM is used to specify the table from which to retrieve data, not the columns to display.
Option D: WHERE is used to filter rows based on a condition, not to specify columns.

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3 thoughts on “Information and Communication Technology MCQ - Set 82”

Peter Ross April 8, 2020
The MCQ is quite entertaining and will help in increasing knowledge also.
Reyaz Ahmad khan December 26, 2020
plz help me in regard with current Affairs
Eshita Nandpal April 11, 2021
Plz give make a part of unit wise

3 thoughts on “Information and Communication Technology MCQ - Set 82”

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