Research Aptitude MCQ collection

1041. According to John W. Best the research can be divided into

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Pure, applied and action research.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, Research Methodology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Research can be categorized into different types based on its purpose and application. John W. Best, a notable researcher, has classified research into three main categories: pure research, applied research, and action research.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse pure research with basic research, not realizing that pure research is a broader category that includes basic research.

Explanations: John W. Best categorizes research into three types: pure research, which aims to expand knowledge without immediate practical application; applied research, which focuses on solving specific practical problems; and action research, which involves systematic inquiry conducted by practitioners to improve their own practices. This classification is widely recognized and used in academic and professional research contexts.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is incorrect because it only includes pure and applied research, omitting action research.
Option B: This option is correct as it includes all three categories identified by John W. Best: pure, applied, and action research.
Option C: This option is incorrect because it only includes pure and basic research, which is a subset of pure research, and does not include applied and action research.
Option D: This option is incorrect as it suggests none of the provided options are correct, which is not the case.

Mnemonic: PAR: Pure, Applied, Research

1042. Identify the sampling design: SCPS wants to survey its employees. They pick 4 schools from the county and survey every single employee in each of the 4 buildings.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Cluster.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, GRE, GMAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Cluster sampling involves dividing the population into clusters and then selecting entire clusters for the survey.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse cluster sampling with stratified sampling, where the population is divided into strata and samples are taken from each stratum.

Explanations: In this scenario, SCPS divides the population of employees into clusters (schools) and then selects entire clusters (4 schools) for the survey. This matches the definition of cluster sampling.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. The method described fits the definition of cluster sampling.
Option B: Incorrect. Volunteer sampling involves participants self-selecting to be part of the survey, which is not the case here.
Option C: Incorrect. Systematic sampling involves selecting every nth member of the population, which is not the case here.
Option D: Incorrect. Simple random sampling involves selecting individuals randomly from the entire population, which is not the case here.

Mnemonic: Cluster: Choose Clumps

1043. Reliability in a test refers to

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Consistency in results.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, LSAT, MCAT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Reliability in a test refers to the consistency of the results obtained from the test.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse reliability with validity, thinking that reliability refers to the accuracy of the test.

Explanations: Reliability in a test is defined as the consistency of the results obtained from the test. A reliable test will yield similar results under consistent conditions, indicating that the test measures what it is supposed to measure consistently.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Adequacy of standardization is not the definition of reliability. Standardization refers to the uniformity in test administration and scoring.
Option B: Consistency in results is the correct definition of reliability.
Option C: Objectivity in administering and scoring is important for reliability but does not define reliability itself.
Option D: This option is incorrect as reliability is defined by consistency in results.

1044. The study in which the investigators attempt to find out after effect of intervention is known as:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Ex-post Facto Research.

Exam Relevance: PhD Qualifying Exams, Research Methodology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Ex-post facto research involves studying the effects of an intervention that has already occurred.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse ex-post facto research with historical research, which focuses on past events and data without necessarily examining the effects of an intervention.

Explanations: Ex-post facto research is designed to investigate the outcomes or after-effects of an intervention that has already taken place. This type of research is retrospective and aims to understand the consequences of actions or events that have already occurred. The other options do not specifically focus on the after-effects of an intervention.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Ex-post facto research is the correct choice as it involves studying the effects of an intervention that has already occurred.
Option B: Historical research focuses on past events and data but does not necessarily examine the effects of an intervention.
Option C: Survey research involves collecting data through surveys but does not specifically focus on the after-effects of an intervention.
Option D: This option is incorrect as the correct answer is Ex-post facto research.

Mnemonic: EPA - Ex-post Facto Analysis

1045. Any person, object, practice, or process that is observed for research purposes

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Research Subject.

Exam Relevance: GRE, MCAT, GMAT, Research Methods Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A research subject is any person, object, practice, or process that is observed for research purposes.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the term "research subject" with "research design" or "research analysis," which are different concepts.

Explanations: The term "research subject" refers to the entity being studied in a research project. This can include people, objects, practices, or processes. The other options do not fit this definition.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Face Validity refers to the extent to which a test or measure appears to measure what it is supposed to measure, not the entity being studied.
Option B: Research Analysis involves the process of interpreting data collected during a research study, not the entity being studied.
Option C: Research Design refers to the overall plan and structure of a research study, not the entity being studied.
Option D: Research Subject is the correct term for any person, object, practice, or process that is observed for research purposes.

1046. In ..... ..... every member of the target population has an equal chance of becoming part of the sample.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Random sampling.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, GRE, GMAT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Random sampling ensures each member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse random sampling with stratified sampling, where the population is divided into strata and samples are taken from each stratum.

Explanations: In random sampling, every individual in the target population has an equal probability of being chosen for the sample. This method ensures that the sample is representative of the entire population, reducing bias.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into distinct subgroups (strata) and then sampling from each stratum. This does not ensure every member has an equal chance of being selected.
Option B: Random sampling ensures every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected, making it the correct answer.
Option C: Opportunity sampling involves selecting individuals who are conveniently available, which does not ensure an equal chance for all members of the population.
Option D: Self-selected sampling involves individuals volunteering to be part of the sample, which also does not ensure an equal chance for all members of the population.

Mnemonic: R for Random, R for Representative.

1047. An advantage of using computer programs for qualitative data is that they.....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) All of the above.

Exam Relevance: Research Methods, Qualitative Research, Data Analysis Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Computer programs for qualitative data analysis offer multiple advantages, including time savings, data organization, and access to advanced procedures.

Common Mistakes: Students may overlook the comprehensive benefits of computer programs and focus only on one aspect, such as time savings.

Explanations: Computer programs for qualitative data analysis can significantly reduce the time required to analyze data after transcription. They also help in storing and organizing large volumes of qualitative data efficiently. Additionally, these programs provide many analytical procedures that are rarely done manually due to the time and complexity involved. Therefore, all the listed advantages are valid, making "All of the above" the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Computer programs can automate repetitive tasks, thus reducing the time needed for analysis.
Option B: Programs can store and organize data systematically, making it easier to manage and retrieve.
Option C: Advanced analytical procedures are often available in software, which are impractical to perform manually.
Option D: This option correctly identifies that all the previous advantages are valid.

1048. The independent variable

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) The change that you are making on purpose.

Exam Relevance: AP Biology, AP Chemistry, IB Science, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The independent variable is the variable that is deliberately changed or manipulated by the experimenter to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the independent variable with the dependent variable, which is the outcome that is measured in response to changes in the independent variable.

Explanations: The independent variable is the variable that the experimenter intentionally changes to observe its effect on the dependent variable. It is the variable that is controlled and manipulated by the experimenter to determine its impact on the outcome of the experiment.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This is incorrect because the independent variable is not changed due to other factors; it is the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter.
Option B: This is correct because the independent variable is the change that the experimenter makes on purpose to observe its effect on the dependent variable.
Option C: This is incorrect because the independent variable is not an individual step of the experiment; it is a variable that is manipulated.
Option D: This is incorrect because the independent variable should remain consistent when repeating the same experiment to ensure valid results.

1049. Books and records are the primary sources of data in:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Historical research.

Exam Relevance: PhD Qualifying Exams, History Exams, Research Methodology Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Books and records are primary sources of data in historical research.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse historical research with other types of research that do not primarily rely on books and records.

Explanations: Historical research involves the study of past events and trends using written records, documents, and other sources. Books and records are the primary sources of data in this type of research, as they provide the necessary historical context and information.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Laboratory research typically involves experiments and data collection in a controlled environment, not primarily through books and records.
Option B: Historical research relies heavily on books and records as primary sources of data.
Option C: Participatory research involves active participation of subjects and may use qualitative data collection methods, not primarily books and records.
Option D: Clinical research involves the study of medical treatments and interventions, often through clinical trials and patient data, not primarily through books and records.

1050. Suppose that a population with N = 200 has? = 30. What is the mean of the sampling distribution of the mean for sample of size 40?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) 30.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, GRE, GMAT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The mean of the sampling distribution of the mean is equal to the population mean.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly think that the sample size affects the mean of the sampling distribution.

Explanations: The mean of the sampling distribution of the mean is always equal to the population mean, regardless of the sample size. Here, the population mean is given as 30, so the mean of the sampling distribution of the mean for any sample size, including 40, is also 30.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. The mean of the sampling distribution of the mean is 30.
Option B: Incorrect. The information provided is sufficient to determine the mean of the sampling distribution.
Option C: Incorrect. The mean of the sampling distribution is not affected by the sample size.
Option D: Incorrect. The sample size does not determine the mean of the sampling distribution.

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Research Aptitude MCQ collection - Set 105

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