Research Aptitude MCQ collection

911. Which of the following is a graph or chart suitable for co relational analysis?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Scatter graph.

Exam Relevance: Statistics exams, Data Science exams, Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A scatter graph is used to display the relationship between two variables, making it suitable for co-relational analysis.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse scatter graphs with other types of graphs that do not show relationships between variables, such as bar charts or histograms.

Explanations: A scatter graph is the correct choice for co-relational analysis because it visually represents the relationship between two variables. Each point on the graph corresponds to a pair of values, allowing for the identification of patterns or trends in the data. This makes it ideal for analyzing the correlation between two variables.

Option Analysis:

Option A: A bar chart is used to compare quantities across different categories, not to show relationships between variables.
Option B: A histogram is used to show the distribution of a single variable, not the relationship between two variables.
Option C: A frequency polygon is used to show the distribution of a single variable, similar to a histogram, and does not depict relationships between variables.
Option D: A scatter graph is used to display the relationship between two variables, making it suitable for co-relational analysis.

912. Modern psychology is often maligned because its results aren't always .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Replicable.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, GRE Psychology, MCAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Modern psychology is often criticized for the lack of replicability in its research findings.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse replicability with predictability, thinking that if results are predictable, they are also replicable.

Explanations: Replicability refers to the ability to reproduce the results of a study under similar conditions. Modern psychology faces criticism because many studies cannot be consistently replicated, leading to doubts about the reliability and validity of the findings.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Biased. This is not the primary criticism, as bias is a concern but not the main issue.
Option B: Replicable. This is the correct answer as the lack of replicability is a significant criticism in modern psychology.
Option C: Predictable. Predictability is not the main issue; replicability is.
Option D: Ethical. While ethical concerns exist, they are not the primary criticism related to the reliability of results.

Mnemonic: R for Replicable, R for Reliable.

913. IRB is an acronym for which of the following?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Institutional Review Board.

Exam Relevance: GRE, MCAT, LSAT, Professional Licensing Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: IRB stands for Institutional Review Board, which is a committee that reviews and monitors research involving human subjects to ensure ethical standards are met.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse IRB with other similar acronyms or think it stands for Internal Review Board.

Explanations: IRB is the correct acronym for Institutional Review Board, which is a committee responsible for ensuring that research involving human subjects is conducted ethically and complies with regulatory standards.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect, as IRB does not stand for Internal Review Board.
Option B: Correct, as IRB stands for Institutional Review Board.
Option C: Incorrect, as IRB does not stand for Institutional Rating Board.
Option D: Incorrect, as IRB does not stand for Internal Request Board.

Mnemonic: IRB: Institutional Review Board, remember "Institutional" for "I" and "Review" for "R".

914. When a segment of textual data has overlapping codes, this is called a(n).....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Co-occurring codes.

Exam Relevance: Qualitative Research Methods, Data Analysis Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In qualitative data analysis, when a segment of textual data is assigned more than one code, these codes are referred to as co-occurring codes.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse co-occurring codes with priori codes, which are codes that are predefined before data collection.

Explanations: Co-occurring codes refer to the situation where a single segment of textual data is assigned multiple codes because it contains multiple themes or concepts. This is a common practice in qualitative data analysis to capture the complexity of the data.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Co-occurring codes are the term used when a segment of textual data has overlapping codes.
Option B: Incorrect. Priori codes are predefined codes that are determined before data collection.
Option C: Incorrect. Inductive codes are developed during the analysis process based on the data itself.
Option D: Incorrect. Face sheet codes are not a standard term in qualitative data analysis.

915. Who said"Educational Research is that activity which is directed toward development of science of behavior in educational situation?"

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) W. M. Travers.

Exam Relevance: PhD entrance exams, Educational Psychology exams, Research Methodology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Educational research is a field that aims to develop a scientific understanding of behavior in educational settings. This definition is attributed to W. M. Travers.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the definition with other educational researchers or misattribute the quote to a different scholar.

Explanations: W. M. Travers is credited with defining educational research as the activity directed toward the development of a science of behavior in educational situations. This definition emphasizes the scientific approach to understanding educational behavior, which is a fundamental concept in the field of educational research.

Option Analysis:

Option A: F. L. Whites is not the correct attribution for this definition.
Option B: W. M. Travers is the correct attribution for the definition of educational research as the activity directed toward the development of a science of behavior in educational situations.
Option C: J. W. Best is not the correct attribution for this definition.
Option D: W. S. Monroe is not the correct attribution for this definition.

916. Benefits of a conference is

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) All of the above.

Exam Relevance: Academic Conferences, Research Methodology Exams, Professional Development Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Conferences provide multiple benefits including guidance for new researchers, mutual exchange of ideas, and development of democratic values.

Common Mistakes: Students may overlook the broader impact of conferences beyond just the exchange of ideas.

Explanations: Conferences offer a platform for new researchers to receive guidance and mentorship from experienced professionals. They also facilitate the mutual exchange of ideas among participants, fostering innovation and collaboration. Additionally, conferences promote democratic values by encouraging open dialogue and the sharing of diverse perspectives.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Guidance of new researchers is a valid benefit of conferences.
Option B: Mutual exchange of ideas is a key benefit of conferences.
Option C: Development of democratic values is also a benefit of conferences.
Option D: All of the above correctly encompasses all the benefits mentioned.

Mnemonic: GEMD: Guidance, Exchange, Mutual, Democratic

917. When there is a need to apply different data collection methods to different parts of the population, the best sampling method would be

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Stratified random sampling.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, GRE, GMAT, MCAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Stratified random sampling involves dividing the population into distinct subgroups (strata) and then randomly selecting samples from each subgroup. This method is particularly useful when different data collection methods are needed for different parts of the population.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse stratified random sampling with cluster sampling, which involves dividing the population into clusters and then randomly selecting entire clusters for sampling.

Explanations: Stratified random sampling is the best method when different data collection methods are needed for different parts of the population. This is because it ensures that each subgroup (stratum) is represented in the sample, allowing for tailored data collection methods to be applied to each stratum.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Double sampling is a method where a preliminary sample is taken to estimate the size of the population, and then a second sample is taken for detailed analysis. This is not the best method when different data collection methods are needed for different parts of the population.
Option B: Cluster sampling involves dividing the population into clusters and then randomly selecting entire clusters for sampling. This method is not ideal when different data collection methods are needed for different parts of the population, as it does not ensure representation from each subgroup.
Option C: Stratified random sampling involves dividing the population into distinct subgroups (strata) and then randomly selecting samples from each subgroup. This method is particularly useful when different data collection methods are needed for different parts of the population, as it ensures that each subgroup is represented in the sample.
Option D: Systematic random sampling involves selecting every kth element from a list after a random start. This method does not account for the need to apply different data collection methods to different parts of the population.

918. Quantitative research is a means

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) For testing objectives theories by examining the relationship among variables. These variables, in turn, can be measured, typically on instruments, so that numbered data can be analysed using statistical procedures.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, Psychology exams, Sociology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Quantitative research involves the collection and analysis of numerical data to test hypotheses and theories.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse quantitative research with qualitative research, which focuses on understanding meanings and experiences rather than numerical data.

Explanations: Quantitative research is characterized by the use of numerical data and statistical analysis to test objective theories. This approach involves measuring variables and analyzing the relationships among them using statistical procedures. The data collected is typically numerical and can be analyzed using various statistical methods to draw conclusions about the hypotheses being tested.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This describes qualitative research, which focuses on understanding meanings and experiences rather than numerical data.
Option B: This correctly describes quantitative research, which involves testing objective theories by examining relationships among variables using statistical procedures.
Option C: This describes mixed-methods research, which combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches.
Option D: This is incorrect as the correct answer is provided in Option B.

919. Practitioners of action research exemplify the strengths of action research in their dedication to

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Bringing democratic social change.

Exam Relevance: PhD Qualifying Exams, Sociology Exams, Education Research Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Action research is a participatory approach that aims to bring about social change through collaborative efforts. It emphasizes democratic principles and involves stakeholders in the research process to address real-world issues.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that action research is solely focused on reducing awareness or increasing inequality, which are not aligned with the core principles of action research.

Explanations: Action research is dedicated to bringing about democratic social change by involving participants in the research process. This participatory approach ensures that the research is relevant and beneficial to the community, aligning with democratic principles. The practitioners of action research are committed to fostering social change through collaborative and inclusive methods.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Reducing awareness is not a strength of action research, as it aims to increase awareness and understanding.
Option B: Increasing inequality is contrary to the goals of action research, which seeks to promote equality and social justice.
Option C: Bringing democratic social change is a core strength of action research, as it involves participatory methods to address social issues.
Option D: None of the above is incorrect because option C accurately describes the strength of action research.

920. A distribution of scores was negatively skewed. It can be stated that

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Mean is less than the median.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, IB Mathematics, SAT Math

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In a negatively skewed distribution, the tail of the distribution is on the left side, indicating that the majority of the data points are concentrated on the right side. This results in the mean being pulled towards the left, making it less than the median.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the direction of skewness and incorrectly assume that the mean is greater than the median in a negatively skewed distribution.

Explanations: In a negatively skewed distribution, the tail is on the left side, indicating that there are a few low values that pull the mean to the left. The median, which is the middle value, is less affected by these low values. Therefore, the mean is less than the median.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This is incorrect because in a negatively skewed distribution, the mean and median do not coincide.
Option B: This is incorrect because in a negatively skewed distribution, the mean is not more than the median.
Option C: This is correct because in a negatively skewed distribution, the mean is less than the median.
Option D: This is incorrect because a relationship does exist between the mean and median in a negatively skewed distribution.

Mnemonic: Left tail, mean retreats.

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Research Aptitude MCQ collection - Set 92

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