sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

251. Opposite of functionalism

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Conflict perspective.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The conflict perspective in sociology emphasizes the role of conflict and power struggles in society, contrasting with functionalism, which focuses on how societal parts work together harmoniously.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the conflict perspective with functionalism, as both are sociological theories but have fundamentally different views on how society operates.

Explanations: Functionalism views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. In contrast, the conflict perspective focuses on the competition and conflict between different groups in society. Therefore, the conflict perspective is the opposite of functionalism.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Conflict perspective is the correct answer as it emphasizes societal conflict and power struggles, which is the opposite of functionalism's focus on societal harmony and integration.
Option B: Social structure is a concept that can be analyzed from both functionalist and conflict perspectives, but it is not the opposite of functionalism.
Option C: Functional integration is a concept within functionalism, not its opposite.
Option D: Population is a demographic concept and not a sociological theory, so it is not the opposite of functionalism.

252. According to Goffman, once we become accomplished actors we become more attuned to the reactions of others and adjust our behavior. Which term is he refering to?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Self-Monitoring.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, GRE Psychology, Sociology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Self-monitoring refers to the ability to adjust one's behavior based on the reactions of others, which aligns with Goffman's concept of becoming an accomplished actor.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse self-monitoring with self-disclosure, which involves sharing personal information with others rather than adjusting behavior based on social cues.

Explanations: Goffman's theory of dramaturgy emphasizes the role of social interactions and the adjustment of behavior based on the reactions of others. Self-monitoring is the term that best captures this ability to modify one's actions in response to social feedback, making it the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Self-monitoring involves adjusting behavior based on the reactions of others, which aligns with Goffman's concept.
Option B: Incorrect. Self-disclosure refers to sharing personal information, not adjusting behavior based on social cues.
Option C: Incorrect. Self-awareness is about being conscious of one's own thoughts and feelings, not adjusting behavior based on others' reactions.
Option D: Incorrect. This option is not applicable as the correct term is self-monitoring.

253. This perspective (paradigm) of sociology emphasizes language and nonverbal communication.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Symbolic Interactionism.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Introductory Sociology exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Symbolic Interactionism is a sociological perspective that focuses on the role of symbols and language in human interaction.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Symbolic Interactionism with Conflict Theory or Functionalism, which focus on different aspects of social structure and inequality.

Explanations: Symbolic Interactionism emphasizes the importance of language and nonverbal communication in shaping social interactions and individual behavior. This paradigm views society as a product of ongoing interactions and the meanings individuals attach to symbols and actions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Symbolic Interactionism focuses on language and nonverbal communication.
Option B: Incorrect. Conflict Theory emphasizes power and inequality.
Option C: Incorrect. Functionalism focuses on the stability and interdependence of social institutions.
Option D: Incorrect. This is not applicable as Symbolic Interactionism is the correct answer.

254. An individual who breaks the law

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Criminal.

Exam Relevance: LSAT, GRE, Bar Exam

Difficulty: Very Easy

Concept notes: An individual who breaks the law is referred to as a criminal.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the term "criminal" with "authority" or "reform," which are related but distinct concepts.

Explanations: The term "criminal" specifically denotes a person who has committed a crime or violated a law. This is the most accurate description for the given context.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. An individual who breaks the law is a criminal.
Option B: Incorrect. Authority refers to a person or organization with the power to enforce laws, not someone who breaks them.
Option C: Incorrect. Condemn refers to the act of expressing strong disapproval, not the person who commits the act.
Option D: Incorrect. Reform refers to the process of improving or correcting, not the person who breaks the law.

255. Theory stating that norms develop to guide crow behavior

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Emergent norm theory.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Emergent norm theory suggests that norms develop spontaneously in response to a situation, guiding behavior in groups.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse emergent norm theory with other sociological theories that also deal with group behavior, such as value-added theory or contagion theory.

Explanations: Emergent norm theory is the correct answer because it specifically addresses how norms develop in response to a situation, which can be applied to understanding how crow behavior is guided by emerging norms. This theory is particularly relevant in explaining how norms can arise and guide behavior in a group setting, such as a flock of crows.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Emergent norm theory explains how norms develop in response to a situation, guiding group behavior.
Option B: Incorrect. Value-added theory focuses on the stages of social movements rather than the development of norms.
Option C: Incorrect. Contagion theory deals with the spread of behavior or emotions through a group, not the development of norms.
Option D: Incorrect. Convergence theory is about the similarities in behavior among different groups, not the development of norms.

256. What term describes when we present the image of ourselves we want others to see while we perform our assigned roles?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Dramaturgy.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Dramaturgy is a sociological perspective that views social interaction in terms of a theatrical performance, where individuals present themselves to others in a way that aligns with their roles and desired image.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse dramaturgy with other sociological concepts such as the sociological imagination or perspective, which focus more broadly on understanding social structures and individual experiences.

Explanations: Dramaturgy, as proposed by Erving Goffman, is the concept that individuals in social interactions are like actors on a stage, presenting a certain image of themselves to others. This aligns with the question's description of presenting an image of ourselves that we want others to see while performing our assigned roles.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Sociological Imagination refers to the ability to understand the relationship between individual experiences and larger social forces, not the presentation of self.
Option B: Sociological Perspective is a broader term for the way sociologists view society and social behavior, not specifically about presenting oneself.
Option C: Sociology is the study of society and social behavior, not a specific concept about presenting oneself.
Option D: Dramaturgy is the correct term for the concept of presenting oneself in social interactions as if in a theatrical performance.

Mnemonic: Drama on a stage, presenting a facade.

257. Which of the following is NOT a feature used to define a group?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Classification.

Exam Relevance: Social Psychology Exams, Sociology Exams, Psychology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Groups are defined by shared expectations, common identity, and interaction among members. Classification is not a defining feature of a group.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse classification with the concept of categorization, which is not a defining feature of a group.

Explanations: Groups are characterized by shared expectations, common identity, and interaction among members. Classification, while it may be used to categorize groups, is not a defining feature of a group itself. Shared expectations refer to the mutual understanding and norms that members of a group adhere to. Common identity involves a sense of belonging and shared values among group members. Interaction is the process by which members communicate and engage with each other. These features are essential for defining a group, whereas classification is more of an external categorization tool.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Shared expectations are a defining feature of a group, as they establish the norms and behaviors expected within the group.
Option B: Common identity is a defining feature of a group, as it creates a sense of belonging and shared values among members.
Option C: Classification is not a defining feature of a group, as it is an external categorization tool rather than an internal characteristic.
Option D: Interaction is a defining feature of a group, as it involves the communication and engagement among members.

258. Which of the following is not a mode of production?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Liberalism.

Exam Relevance: AP World History, AP European History, Political Science Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The modes of production refer to the specific ways in which societies organize their economic activities, including the ownership of means of production and the relations between different social classes. Feudalism, Communism, and Capitalism are recognized modes of production, while Liberalism is a political ideology.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Liberalism with a mode of production because it often influences economic policies and structures.

Explanations: Liberalism is a political ideology that emphasizes individual rights, free markets, and limited government intervention. It is not a mode of production, which refers to the specific economic systems and class relations. Feudalism, Communism, and Capitalism are all modes of production as they describe distinct economic systems and class structures.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Feudalism is a mode of production characterized by a hierarchical system of land ownership and serfdom.
Option B: Communism is a mode of production where the means of production are owned collectively and distributed according to need.
Option C: Capitalism is a mode of production where the means of production are owned privately and operated for profit.
Option D: Liberalism is a political ideology that focuses on individual freedoms and limited government intervention, not a mode of production.

259. The development of computers and the increased use of the internet are examples of what source of social change?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Innovation.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Technology and Society exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Innovation refers to the creation and implementation of new ideas, products, or methods. In the context of social change, innovation can lead to significant transformations in society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse innovation with diffusion, which is the spread of ideas or practices from one culture to another.

Explanations: The development of computers and the increased use of the internet are examples of innovation because they represent the creation and implementation of new technologies that have significantly transformed society. These advancements have led to new ways of communication, information sharing, and economic activities, all of which are examples of social change driven by innovation.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Clashes over resources and values do not directly relate to the creation of new technologies or ideas.
Option B: Diffusion is the spread of ideas or practices, not the creation of new ones.
Option C: The mass media is a tool for communication and information dissemination, but it is not the source of the new technologies themselves.
Option D: Innovation is the correct answer as it involves the creation and implementation of new technologies and ideas that lead to social change.

260. Consider the following Statements: A secondary relationship is when you interact with members of your group in an impersonal way : The American Dream is a myth The class system first appeared in the pastoral societies Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Only 1, 2.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A secondary relationship is characterized by impersonal interactions within a group. The American Dream, often criticized, is considered a myth by some due to its unattainability for many. The class system emerged in more complex societies, not pastoral ones.

Common Mistakes: Students may incorrectly assume that the class system originated in pastoral societies due to the simplicity of such societies.

Explanations: The first statement is true because secondary relationships are defined by impersonal interactions within a group. The second statement is true as the American Dream is often criticized and seen as a myth due to its unattainability for many. The third statement is false because the class system first appeared in more complex societies, not pastoral ones.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct, as it includes the true statements 1 and 2.
Option B: Incorrect, as it includes the false statement 3.
Option C: Incorrect, as it includes the false statement 3.
Option D: Incorrect, as it includes the false statement 3 and excludes the true statement 1.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 26”

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 26”

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