sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

681. What word means working together for the good of everyone?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Cooperation.

Exam Relevance: SAT, ACT, GRE, TOEFL

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Cooperation refers to working together for the good of everyone.

Common Mistakes: Students might confuse cooperation with competition, which involves striving to outperform others rather than working together.

Explanations: Cooperation means individuals or groups work together to achieve a common goal, benefiting everyone involved. This aligns with the definition provided in the question.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Competition involves striving to outperform others, which is the opposite of working together for mutual benefit.
Option B: Acceptable is a term that describes something that is satisfactory or permitted, but it does not convey the idea of working together.
Option C: Behavior refers to the manner of conducting oneself, which does not specifically relate to working together for mutual benefit.
Option D: Cooperation is the correct term for working together for the good of everyone.

Mnemonic: C-O-P-E-R-A-T-E: Collaborate, Organize, Partner, Engage, Rally, Act, Together, Everyone.

682. What are ways to encourage conformity to societal norms and prevent deviance?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Social Control.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Criminology exams, Social Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Social control refers to the ways in which society encourages conformity to societal norms and prevents deviance.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse social control with punishment or coercion, but it encompasses a broader range of mechanisms including informal social sanctions and formal institutions.

Explanations: Social control is the process by which society encourages conformity to societal norms and prevents deviance. This can be achieved through various mechanisms such as informal social sanctions (e.g., peer pressure, social disapproval) and formal institutions (e.g., laws, policies). Social control aims to maintain social order and cohesion by reinforcing norms and discouraging deviant behavior.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Social control is the correct answer as it directly addresses the mechanisms used to encourage conformity and prevent deviance.
Option B: A degradation ceremony is a process where an individual is publicly humiliated, which is a form of social control but not the overarching concept.
Option C: Crime is a form of deviance, not a method of encouraging conformity.
Option D: Resocialization involves changing an individual's norms and values, which is not the same as encouraging conformity to existing norms.

683. The belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards rather than by applying the standards of another culture

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Cultural Relativism.

Exam Relevance: Anthropology exams, Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Cultural Relativism is the belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards rather than by applying the standards of another culture.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Cultural Relativism with Ethnocentrism, which is the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own culture.

Explanations: Cultural Relativism emphasizes understanding and evaluating a culture based on its own context and values, rather than imposing external standards. This concept is crucial in anthropology and sociology for avoiding biased judgments and promoting cultural understanding.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Cultural Universals refer to traits or behaviors that are common to all human cultures, which is not the focus of the question.
Option B: Ethnocentrism is the belief in the superiority of one's own culture, which is the opposite of Cultural Relativism.
Option C: Cultural Relativism is the belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards, which aligns with the question's description.
Option D: Subculture refers to a group within a larger culture that has distinct norms and values, which is not relevant to the question.

684. Retired people are an example of a

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Social category.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Psychology exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A social category is a group of people who share a common characteristic or status, but do not necessarily interact with each other.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse social categories with primary or secondary groups, which involve more direct interaction among members.

Explanations: Retired people share a common characteristic (retirement) but do not necessarily interact with each other in a structured or frequent manner. This makes them a social category rather than a primary or secondary group. A social aggregate is a group of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time, which does not apply to retired people as a whole.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Secondary groups are characterized by formal, goal-oriented relationships, which do not apply to retired people as a whole.
Option B: Primary groups are characterized by close, personal relationships, which do not apply to retired people as a whole.
Option C: Social aggregates are groups of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time, which does not apply to retired people as a whole.
Option D: Social categories are groups of people who share a common characteristic or status, which applies to retired people.

Mnemonic: RCS: Retired, Common Status

685. ..... groups often emerge in the workplace among those who share special understandings about their occupation.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Secondary.

Exam Relevance: Organizational Behavior, Management, Psychology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Secondary groups are formed for specific purposes and are often task-oriented. They can emerge in the workplace among individuals who share a common understanding of their occupation.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse secondary groups with primary groups, which are characterized by close, personal relationships and long-term emotional bonds.

Explanations: Secondary groups are formed for specific purposes, such as work-related tasks, and are often task-oriented. In the workplace, these groups emerge among individuals who share a common understanding of their occupation. This shared understanding facilitates effective collaboration and task completion, making secondary groups a common occurrence in professional settings.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Primary groups are characterized by close, personal relationships and long-term emotional bonds, which do not typically describe workplace groups.
Option B: Secondary groups are formed for specific purposes and are often task-oriented, fitting the description of groups that emerge in the workplace among those who share a common understanding of their occupation.
Option C: Out-groups are groups to which an individual does not belong and are not typically associated with shared occupational understandings.
Option D: Formal organizations are structured entities with defined roles and responsibilities, which is broader than the specific context of groups emerging among those who share occupational understandings.

Mnemonic: S-GROUP: Secondary Groups are Purpose-Oriented, Related to Occupation

686. The first stage of research is

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) To select problem.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, Research Methodology Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The first stage of research involves identifying and selecting a problem to study.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the first stage with data collection, which is a later step in the research process.

Explanations: The initial phase of any research project is to identify and select a problem. This involves defining the research question, understanding the context, and determining the feasibility of the study. Data collection, preparation of schedules, and other activities come after the problem has been clearly defined and selected.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Collecting data is a crucial step but occurs after the problem has been selected.
Option B: Selecting the problem is the first step in the research process.
Option C: Preparation of a schedule is a planning step that follows problem selection.
Option D: This option is incorrect as selecting the problem is a valid and necessary step.

687. The founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes, analyzed social problems

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Jane Addams.

Exam Relevance: AP US History, SAT Subject Tests, High School History Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Jane Addams was a social reformer and co-founder of Hull House, which provided various services to immigrants and the community.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Jane Addams with other social reformers or sociologists of the same era.

Explanations: Jane Addams founded Hull House in 1889, which provided English lessons, daycares, and child care classes to immigrants and the community. This aligns with the description given in the question.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Jane Addams founded Hull House and provided various social services.
Option B: Incorrect. Emile Durkheim was a sociologist, not associated with Hull House.
Option C: Incorrect. Karl Marx was a philosopher and economist, not associated with Hull House.
Option D: Incorrect. Max Weber was a sociologist, not associated with Hull House.

Mnemonic: JAH: Jane Addams, Hull House

688. What did Mead call the part of the self that is created by interacting with others; the self they want others to see?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) The "me".

Exam Relevance: Psychology exams, Sociology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The "me" in Mead's theory refers to the part of the self that is created through social interactions and the perception of how others see us.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the "me" with the "I," which is the spontaneous, creative aspect of the self that is not directly influenced by social interactions.

Explanations: Mead's theory of the self distinguishes between the "me" and the "I." The "me" is the part of the self that is shaped by social interactions and the expectations of others. It is the self that we present to others and the self that we believe others perceive. This aligns with the concept of the self that is created by interacting with others and the self they want others to see.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Role-taking self is not a term used by Mead in this context.
Option B: The "me" is the correct term for the part of the self that is created by interacting with others and the self they want others to see.
Option C: The "I" is the spontaneous, creative aspect of the self, not the part shaped by social interactions.
Option D: The generalized other is a concept in Mead's theory but does not refer to the part of the self created by interacting with others.

689. According to Karl Marx, a communistic society would

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Be classless.

Exam Relevance: Political Science, Sociology, Philosophy

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Karl Marx's theory of communism envisions a society without social classes, where the means of production are owned collectively.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Marx's vision of a classless society with the current social structures that still have distinct classes.

Explanations: According to Karl Marx, a communistic society would be classless. In Marx's theory, the abolition of private property and the means of production being owned collectively would eliminate the distinctions between different social classes, such as the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. This classless society would be characterized by the absence of economic and social hierarchies.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is incorrect because a communistic society, according to Marx, would not be composed entirely of bourgeoisie, as the bourgeoisie class would be eliminated.
Option B: This option is incorrect because a communistic society would not have capitalists and the proletariat, as these classes would be abolished.
Option C: This option is incorrect because a communistic society would not have a wide variety of social classes; it would be classless.
Option D: This option is correct because a communistic society, according to Marx, would be classless, with no distinctions between different social classes.

690. What group of people have direct influence on our socialization?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Significant others.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Significant others are individuals who have a direct and significant impact on a person's socialization process. They include family members, close friends, and other individuals with whom a person has frequent and meaningful interactions.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse significant others with generalized others, which refer to the broader societal norms and expectations that influence an individual's behavior.

Explanations: Significant others, such as family members and close friends, have a direct influence on our socialization. They shape our attitudes, behaviors, and values through their interactions and relationships with us. This direct influence is a key aspect of the socialization process, making significant others the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Generalized others refer to the collective expectations and norms of society, not individuals with direct influence.
Option B: Significant others are individuals who have a direct and significant impact on a person's socialization process.
Option C: Role-takers are individuals who assume specific roles in social interactions, but they do not necessarily have direct influence on socialization.
Option D: Society as a whole influences socialization, but it is not as direct as the influence of significant others.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 69”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 69”

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