UPSC PRELIMINARY MOCK TEST 49

The People's Republic of China and Israel are not members, but they have aligned their export controls with Wassenaar lists, and are significant arms exporters.

New amendment: In December 2013, the list of export restricted technologies was amended to include internet-based surveillance systems. New technologies placed under the export control regime include "intrusion software"-software designed to defeat a computer or network's protective measures so as to extract data or information-as well as IP network surveillance systems.

A smart card is a plastic card about the size of a credit card , with an embedded microchip that can be loaded with the data , used for telephone calling, electronic cash payment , and other applications, and then periodically refreshed for additional use,

Digital technology enables immense amount of information to be compressed on small storage device that can be easily preserved and transported. Digitalization also quickness data transmission speeds telecommunication had relied on digital method to transmit message. In the early 1980s, enhanced fibre optics enabled the development of digital communication network . communication satellites known as the direct broadcast satellite (DBS) transmitted compressed digital signals for viewers the receive several hundred television programming choices.

A digital library is a collection of documents in organized electrons from, available on the Internet or on CD- ROM ( compact -disk -read-only memory ) disks. Depending on the specific library , a user may be able to access magazine article, books papers, image, sound files, and videos.

All the above pairs are matched correctly. "

Air pollution is one of the biggest global environmental challenges of today. A time bound national level strategy for pan India implementation to tackle the increasing air pollution problem across the country in a comprehensive manner in the form of National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) was today launched by Union Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. "Collaborative and participatory approach involving relevant Central Ministries, State Governments, local bodies and other Stakeholders with focus on all sources of pollution forms the crux of the Programme." said the Union Environment Minister.Dr Harsh Vardhan further informed that taking into account the available international experiences and national studies, the tentative national level target of 20%-30% reduction of PM2.5 and PM10 concentration by 2024 is proposed under the NCAP taking 2017 as the base year for the comparison of concentration. "Overall objective of the NCAP is comprehensive mitigation actions for prevention, control and abatement of air pollution besides augmenting the air quality monitoring network across the country and strengthening the awareness and capacity building activities." the minister further added. "

In March 1931, a special session of the Congress was held at Karachi to endorse the Gandhi-Irwin Pact. Six days before the session (which was held on March 29) Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were executed. Throughout Gandhi's route to Karachi, he was greeted with black flag demonstrations by the Punjab Naujawan Bharat Sabha, in protest against his failure to secure commutation of the death sentence for Bhagat and his comrades. While disapproving of and dissociating itself from political violence, the Congress admired the 'bravery' and 'sacrifice' of the three martyrs.

• The Delhi Pact or Gandhi-Irwin Pact was endorsed.
• The goal of purna swaraj was reiterated.
• Two resolutions were adopted-one on Fundamental Rights and the other on National Economic Programme- which made the session particularly memorable.