UPSC PRELIMINARY MOCK TEST 113

These foods share some or all of the following (preferable) characteristics:

• They are consumed by a large proportion of the population, including (or especially) the population groups at greatest risk of deficiency.
• They are consumed on a regular basis, in adequate and relatively consistent amounts.
• They can be centrally processed (central processing is preferable for a number of reasons, but primarily because the fewer the number of locations where fortificants are added, the easier it is to implement quality control measures; monitoring and enforcement procedures are also likely to be more effective).
• Allow a nutrient premix to be added relatively easily using low-cost technology, and in such a way so as to ensure an even distribution within batches of the product.
• Are used relatively soon after production and purchase. Foods that are purchased and used within a short period of time of processing tend to have better vitamin retention, and fewer sensorial changes due to the need for only a small overage.

Improvisation: TH: Powering up food ;

Source: WHO: Part III, Guidelines on food fortification on micronutrients ; "

Geographical Indication is a name or sign used on certain products which corresponds to a specific geographical location or origin (e.g. a town, region, or country). The use of a geographical indication may act as a certification that the product possesses certain qualities, is made according to traditional methods, or enjoys a certain reputation, due to its geographical origin.

• Aquifer mapping is a process wherein a combination of geologic, geophysical, hydrologic and chemical field and laboratory analyses are applied to characterize the quantity, quality and sustainability of ground water in aquifers.
• Since water is a State subject, execution of such a Project cannot be successful without taking the States on board. The involvement of State machinery including various departments, PRIs etc. is essential if the Aquifer Management Plans are to be implemented. The Nodal State Organisations need to be fully involved in preparation of Aquifer Maps.. As India has a large rural and semi-literate population, demystification of the Science of Hydrogeology will be very crucial to enable them to understand the dynamics of ground water availability and its sustainable utilisation. The various Stakeholders need to develop a sense of ownership, for only then will such a socially relevant project can be successful. Therefore, the community needs to be made aware of the objectives and benefits of aquifer mapping exercise and their active participation through local people will be fundamental in implementation of the project.
• The Ministry of Water Resources is implementing the National Aquifer Mapping Programme. Associated institutions are the Central Ground Water Board, the National Geophysical Research Institute, the World Bank, DFID, and State Ground Water Departments.

AquiferIndia ;

CGWB concept note ;

PIB ;

- "

Inter-State migration and quarantine are under the Union List, while the prevention of infectious diseases moving from one State to another is under the Concurrent List. This means that while States have the power to impose border restrictions, the responsibility to prevent a breakdown of inter-State relations over such disputes is on the Centre.