Computer networking MCQ

1051. The..... field of the IGMP message is all zeros in a query message.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Group address.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CCNP, Network+

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) messages, the group address field is set to all zeros in a query message.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the function of different fields in IGMP messages, particularly the group address field, which is used to specify a multicast group in other types of IGMP messages.

Explanations: In IGMP query messages, the group address field is set to all zeros to indicate a general query. This means the query is not targeted at a specific multicast group but rather is a request for all multicast group memberships on the network. The other fields such as version and type have specific values that do not need to be all zeros for a query message.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The version field specifies the IGMP version and is not set to all zeros in a query message.
Option B: The type field indicates the type of IGMP message and is not set to all zeros in a query message.
Option C: The group address field is set to all zeros in a query message to indicate a general query.
Option D: This option is incorrect as the group address field is the correct answer.

Mnemonic: GAP: General All-Zero Protocol

1052. Teledesic has

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) 288 satellites.

Exam Relevance: GATE, GRE, GMAT, Competitive Engineering Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Teledesic was a satellite communications company that planned to deploy a large constellation of satellites to provide global broadband internet services. The company's original plan involved launching 288 satellites to achieve this goal.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the number of satellites with other satellite constellations or may not be familiar with the specific details of Teledesic's satellite deployment plan.

Explanations: Teledesic's satellite constellation was designed to consist of 288 satellites to provide comprehensive global coverage. This number was chosen to ensure that the network could deliver high-speed internet services to users around the world. The satellites were planned to be in low Earth orbit, which would allow for faster data transmission and lower latency compared to geostationary satellites.

Option Analysis:

Option A: 40 satellites is incorrect as it is significantly lower than the planned number.
Option B: 92 satellites is also incorrect as it is still below the planned number.
Option C: 176 satellites is incorrect as it is still below the planned number.
Option D: 288 satellites is the correct number of satellites planned for the Teledesic constellation.

1053. If original signal is band limited with bandwidth of W, samples are taken, in PC, M once every

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) 1/2W seconds.

Exam Relevance: EEG, ECE, DSP

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem states that to accurately reconstruct a signal, the sampling rate must be at least twice the highest frequency component of the signal.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the sampling rate with the period of sampling. The sampling period is the reciprocal of the sampling rate.

Explanations: According to the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem, the sampling rate must be at least twice the bandwidth (W) of the signal to avoid aliasing. Therefore, the sampling period, which is the time interval between samples, is the reciprocal of the sampling rate. Since the sampling rate is 2W, the sampling period is 1/(2W) seconds.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option suggests a sampling period of 1/W seconds, which is incorrect as it does not satisfy the Nyquist criterion.
Option B: This option correctly represents the sampling period as 1/(2W) seconds, which is the reciprocal of the minimum required sampling rate of 2W.
Option C: This option suggests a sampling period of W seconds, which is incorrect as it is much lower than the required rate.
Option D: This option is incorrect as the correct answer is provided in option B.

1054. ISDN is a group of..... standards relating to digital transmission across conventional copper wire telephone lines, as also other media.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Both a & b.

Exam Relevance: Computer Networks, Telecommunications, ITU-T exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) is a set of standards for digital transmission over telephone lines. These standards are defined by both CCITT (Consultative Committee on International Telegraphy and Telephony) and ITU (International Telecommunication Union).

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that ISDN standards are defined by only one organization, either CCITT or ITU, rather than both.

Explanations: ISDN is a group of standards that relate to digital transmission over conventional copper wire telephone lines. These standards are defined by both CCITT and ITU. CCITT, now known as ITU-T, is responsible for setting international standards for telecommunications. Therefore, the correct answer is that ISDN standards are defined by both CCITT and ITU.

Option Analysis:

Option A: CCITT alone is not the complete answer as ITU also defines ISDN standards.
Option B: ITU alone is not the complete answer as CCITT also defines ISDN standards.
Option C: Both CCITT and ITU define ISDN standards, making this the correct answer.
Option D: This option is incorrect as both CCITT and ITU are involved in defining ISDN standards.

1055. Used for government sites

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) .gov.

Exam Relevance: SAT, ACT, AP Computer Science Principles

Difficulty: Very Easy

Concept notes: The .gov domain is specifically designated for government websites.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse .gov with .edu, which is used for educational institutions.

Explanations: The .gov domain is reserved for government entities and is used to ensure that official government websites can be easily identified by the public. This domain is not used for commercial or educational purposes, making it the correct choice for government sites.

Option Analysis:

Option A: .edu is used for educational institutions, not government sites.
Option B: .gov is the correct domain for government sites.
Option C: .com is used for commercial websites, not government sites.
Option D: .net is used for network-related organizations, not specifically for government sites.

Mnemonic: G for Government, G for .gov

1056. It is a set of networks, using the Internet Protocol and IP-based tools such as web browsers and file transfer applications, that is under the control of a single administrative entity?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Internet.

Exam Relevance: CISSP, CompTIA Network+, CCNA

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The Internet is a global network of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet Protocol (IP) and IP-based tools such as web browsers and file transfer applications.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the Internet with an Intranet or Extranet, which are private networks under the control of a single administrative entity.

Explanations: The Internet is a global network that connects various networks and devices worldwide, using the Internet Protocol (IP) and IP-based tools such as web browsers and file transfer applications. It is not under the control of a single administrative entity, distinguishing it from an Intranet or Extranet.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Externet is not a standard term and is not commonly used in network terminology.
Option B: An Intranet is a private network that is under the control of a single administrative entity, but it does not encompass the global nature of the Internet.
Option C: The Internet is a global network of interconnected networks using the Internet Protocol and IP-based tools, which matches the description given in the question.
Option D: An Extranet is an extension of an Intranet that allows access to partners or customers, but it is still under the control of a single administrative entity.

1057. The most flexibility in how devices are wired together is provided by

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Bus networks.

Exam Relevance: Computer Networks, Data Communications, Network Fundamentals

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Bus networks provide the most flexibility in how devices are wired together because they allow multiple devices to connect to a single communication line.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the flexibility of bus networks with the centralized control of star networks or the sequential nature of ring networks.

Explanations: Bus networks allow multiple devices to connect to a single communication line, which provides the most flexibility in terms of adding or removing devices. In a bus network, devices can be easily added or removed without affecting the entire network, making it highly flexible. This is in contrast to ring networks, where each device is connected in a loop, and star networks, where all devices connect to a central hub.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Bus networks allow multiple devices to connect to a single communication line, providing flexibility in adding or removing devices.
Option B: Ring networks connect devices in a loop, which limits flexibility as adding or removing devices can disrupt the network.
Option C: Star networks connect all devices to a central hub, which provides centralized control but less flexibility in adding or removing devices.
Option D: T-switched networks are not a standard network topology and do not provide the same level of flexibility as bus networks.

Mnemonic: Bus = Bunch of devices sharing a single line.

1058. The physical layer of a network

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Defines the electrical characteristics of signals passed between the computer and communication devices.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CompTIA Network+, CIW Network Specialist

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The physical layer of a network is responsible for the transmission and reception of unstructured raw data between a device and a physical transmission medium.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the physical layer with the data link layer, which is responsible for error detection and correction.

Explanations: The physical layer is the lowest layer in the OSI model and deals with the physical means of transmission, such as cables, connectors, and signal types. It defines the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional specifications for activating, maintaining, and deactivating the physical link between end systems. This includes the electrical characteristics of signals passed between the computer and communication devices.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. The physical layer defines the electrical characteristics of signals passed between the computer and communication devices.
Option B: Incorrect. Error detection and correction are handled by the data link layer, not the physical layer.
Option C: Incorrect. Packet construction and transmission are functions of the network layer, not the physical layer.
Option D: Incorrect. Since options B and C are incorrect, option D cannot be correct.

1059. Full form of NIC in networking

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Network Interface Card.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CompTIA Network+, CIW Network Specialist

Difficulty: Very Easy

Concept notes: NIC stands for Network Interface Card, which is a hardware component that allows a computer to connect to a network.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse NIC with other acronyms like National Informatics Center or Network Interface Circuit.

Explanations: NIC is the correct full form as it refers to the hardware component that enables network connectivity. The other options are incorrect as they refer to different entities or concepts.

Option Analysis:

Option A: National Informatics Center is a government organization in India and not related to networking hardware.
Option B: Network Interface Circuit is not a standard term used in networking hardware.
Option C: Network Interface Card is the correct term for the hardware component that enables network connectivity.
Option D: None of these is incorrect as Network Interface Card is a valid and widely used term.

Mnemonic: NIC - Network Interface Card

1060. Frame Relay was designed in late

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) 1980s.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CompTIA Network+, CIW Network Specialist

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Frame Relay was developed as a data link layer protocol to improve the efficiency of data transmission over wide area networks (WANs). It was designed to address the limitations of earlier WAN technologies like X.25.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Frame Relay with other WAN technologies or protocols that were developed in different decades.

Explanations: Frame Relay was designed in the late 1980s to provide a more efficient and cost-effective alternative to X.25. It was developed to reduce the overhead and improve the performance of data transmission over WANs. The technology was standardized in the late 1980s, making the 1980s the correct time period for its design.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect, as Frame Relay was not designed in the 1970s. The 1970s were more associated with the development of X.25 and other early WAN technologies.
Option B: Correct, as Frame Relay was designed in the late 1980s to improve upon existing WAN technologies.
Option C: Incorrect, as Frame Relay was already in use by the 1990s, but its design and standardization occurred in the late 1980s.
Option D: Incorrect, as Frame Relay was well-established by the 2000s and was not designed in that decade.

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Computer networking MCQ - Set 106

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