Computer networking MCQ – Change your future

811. Electromagentic waves provide the medium onto which the data are encoded as a superimposed signal. What type of transmission media this statement refers to

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Radio waves.

Exam Relevance: IEEE, GATE, ECE exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, are used to transmit data by encoding information onto the wave. This is a fundamental concept in wireless communication.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse radio waves with other types of transmission media like coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, or copper cable, which do not use electromagnetic waves for data transmission.

Explanations: Radio waves are a form of electromagnetic waves that can carry data by modulating the wave's amplitude, frequency, or phase. This modulation allows the data to be encoded onto the wave, which can then be transmitted through the air. The other options (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, and copper cable) are physical media that do not use electromagnetic waves for data transmission.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Radio waves are electromagnetic waves that can carry data by modulating the wave's properties. This is the correct answer.
Option B: Coaxial cable is a physical medium that uses electrical signals to transmit data, not electromagnetic waves.
Option C: Fiber optic cable uses light to transmit data, not electromagnetic waves in the context of wireless transmission.
Option D: Copper cable is a physical medium that uses electrical signals to transmit data, not electromagnetic waves.

812. On an Ethernet network, this is the unit of data that is transmitted between network points. It has explicit minimum and maximum lengths and a set of required pieces of information that must appear within it.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Frame.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CompTIA Network+, CIW Network Specialist

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In Ethernet networks, a frame is the unit of data that is transmitted between network points. It includes a header with source and destination addresses, a payload with the actual data, and a trailer for error checking.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse frames with packets, which are used in higher layers of the OSI model.

Explanations: A frame is the correct answer because it is the unit of data that is transmitted over Ethernet networks. It has a defined structure with a minimum and maximum length, and it includes necessary information such as source and destination addresses, which are required for proper transmission and reception.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Data-chunk is not a standard term in Ethernet networking.
Option B: Frame is the correct term for the unit of data transmitted in Ethernet networks.
Option C: Data packet is a term used in higher layers of the OSI model, not specifically in Ethernet.
Option D: Packet is a general term used in networking but not specific to Ethernet.

813. SONET network topologies can be.....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) All of the above.

Exam Relevance: Networking exams, Computer Science exams, Telecommunications exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: SONET (Synchronous Optical Network) can be implemented in various topologies including linear, ring, and mesh configurations.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that SONET is limited to only one type of topology, such as ring, and overlook the flexibility of SONET to support multiple network configurations.

Explanations: SONET networks can be configured in different topologies to meet various network requirements. Linear topologies are used for point-to-point connections, ring topologies provide redundancy and are commonly used in SONET, and mesh topologies offer high reliability and flexibility by providing multiple paths between nodes. Therefore, SONET supports all of these topologies, making the correct answer "All of the above."

Option Analysis:

Option A: Linear topology is a valid SONET configuration.
Option B: Ring topology is a valid SONET configuration.
Option C: Mesh topology is a valid SONET configuration.
Option D: All of the above is correct as SONET supports linear, ring, and mesh topologies.

814. Networking device used to send data among multiple networks that use the same protocol.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Router.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CISSP, CompTIA Network+

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between different networks, using the same protocol.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse a router with a switch, as both are used to connect devices in a network. However, a switch operates within a single network, while a router connects multiple networks.

Explanations: A router is designed to send data among multiple networks that use the same protocol. It uses routing tables to determine the best path for data to travel from one network to another. This function distinguishes it from other networking devices like hubs and switches, which operate within a single network.

Option Analysis:

Option A: A hub is a simple networking device that broadcasts data to all connected devices, not specifically designed for inter-network communication.
Option B: A switch is a more advanced device than a hub, used to connect devices within a single network, but it does not connect multiple networks.
Option C: Star is a network topology, not a networking device.
Option D: A router is the correct choice as it is designed to send data among multiple networks that use the same protocol.

Mnemonic: Routers Route, Others Don't.

815. Default administrative distance of RIP

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) 120.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CCNP, Network+

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The administrative distance of a routing protocol determines its trustworthiness. RIP (Routing Information Protocol) has a default administrative distance of 120, indicating its reliability level in the routing process.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the administrative distances of different routing protocols, such as OSPF or EIGRP, with RIP.

Explanations: RIP is a distance-vector routing protocol that uses hop count as its metric. The default administrative distance for RIP is 120, which is a standard value set by Cisco for this protocol. This value indicates that RIP is less preferred compared to other routing protocols with lower administrative distances, such as OSPF (110) or EIGRP (90).

Option Analysis:

Option A: 0 is not the correct administrative distance for RIP. It is typically reserved for directly connected routes.
Option B: 90 is the administrative distance for EIGRP, not RIP.
Option C: 120 is the correct administrative distance for RIP.
Option D: 130 is not the correct administrative distance for RIP. It is typically used for static routes configured with a higher metric.

Mnemonic: RIP-120: Remember, RIP has an administrative distance of 120.

816. An IGMP packet is carried in an..... packet.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) IP.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CISSP, CompTIA Network+

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) is a network layer protocol used for managing multicast groups. It operates at the IP layer, meaning IGMP packets are encapsulated within IP packets.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly think IGMP packets are carried in UDP packets because both are used in multicast scenarios. However, IGMP operates at the IP layer, not the transport layer where UDP resides.

Explanations: IGMP packets are carried in IP packets because IGMP is a network layer protocol. The network layer is responsible for routing packets between different networks, and IP is the primary protocol at this layer. Therefore, IGMP packets are encapsulated within IP packets to ensure they can be routed correctly across the network.

Option Analysis:

Option A: UDP is a transport layer protocol and not used to carry IGMP packets.
Option B: IGMP packets are carried in IP packets because IGMP operates at the network layer.
Option C: Ethernet frames are used at the data link layer, not the network layer where IGMP operates.
Option D: This option is incorrect as IGMP packets are indeed carried in IP packets.

Mnemonic: IP for IGMP, not UDP or Ethernet.

817. The layer of computer OSI model which furnishes electrical connections and signaling is known as

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Physical.

Exam Relevance: CCNA, CompTIA Network+, CIW Network Specialist

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The Physical layer of the OSI model is responsible for the physical connection and transmission of raw bit streams over a communication channel.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the Physical layer with the Data Link layer, which deals with error detection and correction, rather than the physical connection itself.

Explanations: The Physical layer is the lowest layer of the OSI model and is responsible for the physical transmission of data. It provides the electrical, mechanical, and procedural interfaces to the transmission medium. This layer is concerned with the actual hardware connections and the physical transmission of data bits over the network.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The Application layer is the highest layer of the OSI model and deals with software applications and user interfaces, not physical connections.
Option B: The Physical layer is responsible for the physical connection and transmission of raw bit streams over a communication channel.
Option C: The Session layer manages sessions or dialogues between applications, not physical connections.
Option D: The Network layer is responsible for addressing and routing packets, not physical connections.

818. In Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), network to network interfaces are used to connect the

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Switches.

Exam Relevance: Computer Networks, Data Communications, Network Engineering

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), network to network interfaces are used to connect switches.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the function of network to network interfaces with connecting cells, frames, or endpoints instead of switches.

Explanations: Network to network interfaces in ATM are specifically designed to connect switches. These interfaces facilitate the transfer of data cells between different ATM networks, ensuring seamless communication across multiple network domains. Switches are the primary components that manage and route these data cells, making the connection between switches crucial for the operation of an ATM network.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Cells are the basic unit of data transmission in ATM, but they are not connected by network to network interfaces.
Option B: Frames are used in other network technologies, not in ATM, which uses cells.
Option C: Endpoints are the devices at the ends of a network connection, but network to network interfaces connect switches, not endpoints.
Option D: Switches are the correct answer as network to network interfaces connect switches to enable data transfer between different ATM networks.

819. Standard Ethernet (10-Mbps) uses..... encoding.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Manchester.

Exam Relevance: Computer Networks, Data Communication, Network Fundamentals

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Standard Ethernet (10-Mbps) uses Manchester encoding for data transmission.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Manchester encoding with other line encoding schemes like NRZ or AMI, which are used in different contexts.

Explanations: Manchester encoding is a line code in which the encoding of each data bit is either low-to-high or high-to-low. This ensures that there is always a transition at the middle of each bit period, which helps in clock recovery and synchronization. Standard Ethernet (10-Mbps) uses Manchester encoding to ensure reliable data transmission.

Option Analysis:

Option A: NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero) is not used in standard Ethernet because it lacks transitions that are necessary for clock recovery.
Option B: AMI (Alternate Mark Inversion) is not used in standard Ethernet because it does not provide the necessary transitions for clock recovery.
Option C: Manchester encoding is the correct choice for standard Ethernet (10-Mbps) because it ensures reliable data transmission with transitions for clock recovery.
Option D: Differential Manchester encoding is not used in standard Ethernet (10-Mbps). It is used in other protocols like 100Base-T4.

Mnemonic: M for Manchester, M for Middle transition.

820. In multicast routing, each involved router needs to construct a shortest path tree for

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Groups.

Exam Relevance: Computer Networks, CCNA, CCNP

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In multicast routing, each router constructs a shortest path tree (SPT) for groups of receivers. This ensures efficient data transmission to multiple destinations.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse multicast routing with unicast routing, where a single path is created for a single destination.

Explanations: Multicast routing involves sending data from a source to multiple destinations simultaneously. Each router constructs a shortest path tree (SPT) for the group of receivers. This tree ensures that data packets are efficiently routed to all members of the multicast group. The SPT is built based on the group address, not individual stations, destinations, or links. Therefore, the correct answer is that each router constructs an SPT for groups.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Each router constructs a shortest path tree for groups of receivers.
Option B: Incorrect. Stations refer to individual receivers, not groups.
Option C: Incorrect. Destination implies a single endpoint, not a group.
Option D: Incorrect. Links are part of the network, not the focus of the SPT construction.

Mnemonic: SPT for Groups: "SPT Grows for Groups"

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Computer networking MCQ - Set 82

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