MCQs of Education – Change your future

611. The knowledge of a thing by means of Hetu, according to Jain's is known as

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Paroksha.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, Civil Services, Philosophy Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In Jain philosophy, Paroksha refers to indirect knowledge, which is gained through inference or reasoning (Hetu).

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Paroksha with Pratyaksha, which refers to direct perception.

Explanations: In Jainism, knowledge is categorized into two types: direct (Pratyaksha) and indirect (Paroksha). Paroksha is the knowledge obtained through inference or reasoning (Hetu), which is not directly perceived but inferred from other known facts. This makes Paroksha the correct answer as it aligns with the definition of knowledge gained through Hetu.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Paroksha is the knowledge gained through inference or reasoning (Hetu).
Option B: Incorrect. Pratyaksha refers to direct perception, not knowledge gained through Hetu.
Option C: Incorrect. Both (A) and (B) cannot be correct as they represent different types of knowledge.
Option D: Incorrect. None of these is not applicable as Paroksha is the correct answer.

Mnemonic: P-Het: Paroksha through Hetu.

612. Knowledge according to Nyaya, can be properly described as

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Prama.

Exam Relevance: Indian Philosophy Exams, Philosophy of Logic Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In Nyaya philosophy, knowledge (prama) is defined as a justified true belief that is free from error.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse prama with aprama, which refers to false knowledge or error.

Explanations: According to Nyaya, prama is the correct and justified form of knowledge. It is characterized by its truthfulness and the absence of error. The term prama encompasses the idea of valid cognition or true knowledge, which is the goal of epistemological inquiry in Nyaya.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Prama is the correct term for knowledge in Nyaya philosophy, as it denotes valid and true cognition.
Option B: Aprarna is not a term used in Nyaya to describe knowledge; it is not relevant to the context of the question.
Option C: Both (A) and (B) is incorrect because aprarna is not a valid term for knowledge in Nyaya.
Option D: None of these is incorrect because prama is the correct term for knowledge in Nyaya.

Mnemonic: Prama: Perfect, Reliable, Accurate, True, and Absent of Mistakes.

613. Anuma knowledge according to Nyaya is

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Inference.

Exam Relevance: Indian Philosophy Exams, Philosophy of Logic Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Anuma knowledge in Nyaya philosophy refers to inferential knowledge, which is derived from reasoning and logical deduction.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse Anuma with Pratyaksha (perception) or Sabda (testimony), which are other forms of knowledge in Nyaya.

Explanations: In Nyaya philosophy, Anuma is defined as inferential knowledge, which is knowledge gained through logical reasoning and inference. This form of knowledge is distinct from perception (Pratyaksha) and testimony (Sabda). The correct answer is Inference because it aligns with the definition of Anuma in Nyaya, which involves deriving conclusions based on observed premises and logical deduction.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Inference is the correct choice as it aligns with the Nyaya definition of Anuma.
Option B: Testimony (Sabda) is a different form of knowledge in Nyaya, not Anuma.
Option C: Perception (Pratyaksha) is another form of knowledge in Nyaya, distinct from Anuma.
Option D: Comparison is not a recognized form of knowledge in Nyaya philosophy.

614. Liberation, as becoming a part of God, according to Ramanuja is known as

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Sayujya.

Exam Relevance: Philosophy of Religion, Indian Philosophy, Comparative Religion

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In Ramanuja's philosophy, liberation (moksha) is achieved through a union with God, specifically Vishnu. This union is known as Sayujya.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Sayujya with other forms of liberation such as Salokya, Samipya, and Sanidhya, which are different types of proximity to God but not the ultimate union.

Explanations: Sayujya refers to the ultimate state of liberation where the individual soul (jiva) becomes one with God (Vishnu). This is the highest form of liberation in Ramanuja's philosophy, where the individual retains its individuality but is eternally united with God. The other options (Salokya, Samipya, and Sanidhya) represent different levels of proximity to God but do not denote the ultimate union.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Sayujya is the correct term for the ultimate union with God in Ramanuja's philosophy.
Option B: Samipya refers to being in the proximity of God, not the ultimate union.
Option C: Salokya refers to being in the same world as God, not the ultimate union.
Option D: Sanidhya refers to being in the presence of God, not the ultimate union.

Mnemonic: SAYUJYA: S-A-Y-U-J-Y-A (Sayujya: Soul and You United Justly with God Always)

615. The main theories concerning the intrinsic values are

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Both (A) and (B).

Exam Relevance: Philosophy exams, Ethics exams, Axiology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Theories concerning intrinsic values are divided into two main categories: objective theories and axiological subjectivism.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that only one of these theories is correct, overlooking the coexistence of both perspectives.

Explanations: Objective theories of intrinsic value assert that certain things have value independently of human feelings or attitudes. Axiological subjectivism, on the other hand, posits that value is dependent on human feelings or attitudes. Both theories are significant in the study of intrinsic values, making the correct answer both (A) and (B).

Option Analysis:

Option A: Objective theory is a valid perspective on intrinsic values, but it is not the only one.
Option B: Axiological subjectivism is also a valid perspective on intrinsic values, but it is not the only one.
Option C: Both objective theory and axiological subjectivism are recognized theories concerning intrinsic values.
Option D: This option is incorrect as both objective theory and axiological subjectivism are valid theories.

616. The materialists define value as

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Material.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, Philosophy Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Materialists believe that value is derived from material things and tangible objects.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse materialism with spiritualism, which defines value in terms of non-material or spiritual aspects.

Explanations: Materialists define value as material because they believe that the worth of something is based on its physical properties and tangible benefits. This perspective emphasizes the importance of physical objects and their utility in determining value.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect, as materialists do not define value as mental.
Option B: Correct, as materialists define value as material.
Option C: Incorrect, as materialists do not define value as spiritual.
Option D: Incorrect, as materialists have a specific definition of value.

617. Values have been classified as

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Both (A) and (B).

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, LSAT, MBA entrance exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Values can be classified into two main categories: intrinsic and extrinsic.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that values are only intrinsic or only extrinsic, not recognizing the dual classification.

Explanations: Values are often categorized into two types: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic values are those that are inherently valuable and sought after for their own sake, such as happiness, knowledge, and personal growth. Extrinsic values, on the other hand, are those that are valuable because they lead to something else, such as wealth, fame, and status. Therefore, the classification of values includes both intrinsic and extrinsic types.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Intrinsic values are a subset of the classification but not the complete classification.
Option B: Extrinsic values are also a subset of the classification but not the complete classification.
Option C: Both intrinsic and extrinsic values are included in the classification of values, making this the correct answer.
Option D: This option is incorrect as both intrinsic and extrinsic values are valid classifications.

Mnemonic: IVEX: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Values Exist

618. The theory of liberation has been rejected in Indian philosophy by the school known as

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) The Charvaka.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, IAS, Civil Services, Philosophy Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The Charvaka school of Indian philosophy is known for its materialistic and atheistic views, rejecting the concept of liberation or moksha.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the Charvaka school with other schools that also reject certain religious concepts but still acknowledge the idea of liberation.

Explanations: The Charvaka school, also known as Lokayata, is a materialistic philosophy that denies the existence of the soul, the afterlife, and the concept of liberation (moksha). This school emphasizes empirical evidence and rejects metaphysical concepts, including the idea of liberation. Therefore, the Charvaka school is the correct answer as it explicitly rejects the theory of liberation.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The Jaina philosophy does not reject the concept of liberation; it actually emphasizes the attainment of liberation as the ultimate goal.
Option B: The Vedanta school, particularly Advaita Vedanta, is centered around the concept of liberation (moksha) as the ultimate goal of human life.
Option C: The Buddhists also do not reject the concept of liberation; in fact, the attainment of Nirvana is the ultimate goal in Buddhist philosophy.
Option D: The Charvaka school is known for its materialistic and atheistic views, which reject the concept of liberation.

619. The state of Jivan mukti is included in

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Bhava moksha.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, Civil Services, Competitive Philosophy Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Jivan mukti refers to the state of liberation while still living in the physical body. Bhava moksha is the state of liberation from the cycle of birth and death, which includes the state of Jivan mukti.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Jivan mukti with Dravya moksha, which is the final liberation after the physical body ceases to exist.

Explanations: Jivan mukti is a state of spiritual liberation experienced while still alive, which is a part of Bhava moksha. Bhava moksha encompasses both the state of liberation while living (Jivan mukti) and the final liberation after death (Dravya moksha). Therefore, Jivan mukti is included in Bhava moksha.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Dravya moksha is the final liberation after the physical body ceases to exist, not including the state of Jivan mukti.
Option B: Bhava moksha includes the state of liberation while living, which is Jivan mukti.
Option C: Jivan mukti is not included in both Dravya moksha and Bhava moksha, as Dravya moksha pertains to liberation after death.
Option D: This option is incorrect as Jivan mukti is included in Bhava moksha.

Mnemonic: Jivan mukti = Living liberation, part of Bhava moksha.

620. Liberation, according to Jaina, can be achieved by

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) All of these.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, Civil Services, Competitive Religious Studies

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In Jainism, liberation (moksha) is achieved through a combination of practices that include detachment, self-control, and penance.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that only one of the practices is sufficient for achieving liberation.

Explanations: Jainism emphasizes the importance of multiple practices for achieving liberation. Detachment helps in reducing attachment to material possessions and desires, self-control aids in managing one's actions and thoughts, and penance involves rigorous spiritual practices to purify the soul. All these practices together contribute to the ultimate goal of liberation.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Detachment is a key practice in Jainism, but it is not the only one.
Option B: Self-control is also essential, but it alone is not sufficient for liberation.
Option C: Penance is another important practice, but it must be combined with other practices.
Option D: All of these practices together are necessary for achieving liberation in Jainism.

Mnemonic: DASP: Detachment, Self-control, Penance, Summarized

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6 thoughts on “MCQs of Education - Set 62”

Amina Khatun January 1, 2020
Dada,apnar EI practice set tar Kno jobab nei….vison helpful 🙏🙏
JITENDRA KUMAR SETHI April 23, 2020
Better question
vijay April 26, 2020
Q44
Wilhelm Wundt opened the Institute for Experimental Psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879.
Aliza Ali December 14, 2020
I don,t agree with mcq no.759🤨
KISHOR RAMDHAN GHUNAWAT April 26, 2021
Nice sir Thanks for.
Syed Zaheer Abbas September 2, 2021
بہت مرہ آیا قسم سے ، from Skardu rundu Pakistan

6 thoughts on “MCQs of Education - Set 62”

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