MCQs of Education – Change your future

621. Liberation in Buddhist philosophy is known as

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Nirvana.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, Philosophy exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Nirvana is the term used in Buddhist philosophy to denote the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth and suffering.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Nirvana with similar concepts from other religions, such as Moksha in Hinduism.

Explanations: In Buddhist philosophy, Nirvana is the ultimate goal and represents the cessation of all suffering and the end of the cycle of rebirth. It is the state of liberation and enlightenment that one achieves through the practice of the Eightfold Path.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Mukti is a term used in Hindu philosophy, not Buddhist.
Option B: Moksha is also a term used in Hindu philosophy, not Buddhist.
Option C: Nirvana is the correct term in Buddhist philosophy for liberation.
Option D: This option is incorrect as Nirvana is the correct term.

Mnemonic: Nirvana: No more rebirth, all pain vanishes.

622. Nirvana cannot be described as

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Both (A) and (B).

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, Philosophy Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Nirvana is a concept in Buddhism and other Eastern philosophies that represents a state of liberation from suffering and the cycle of rebirth. It is not accurately described by nihilism or eternalism.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Nirvana with nihilism, which denies the existence of any meaning or value, or with eternalism, which posits the existence of eternal truths or entities.

Explanations: Nirvana is a state of enlightenment and liberation from suffering, not a denial of meaning (nihilism) or a belief in eternal truths (eternalism). Therefore, Nirvana cannot be described as either nihilism or eternalism, making option C the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Nihilism is the belief that life has no meaning or value, which is not aligned with the concept of Nirvana.
Option B: Eternalism is the belief in eternal truths or entities, which also does not align with the concept of Nirvana.
Option C: Both nihilism and eternalism are incorrect descriptions of Nirvana, making this the correct choice.
Option D: This option is incorrect because Nirvana can indeed be excluded from both nihilism and eternalism.

Mnemonic: Nirvana: Not Nihilism, Not Eternalism

623. The famous preaching of Nirvana to king Milinda were given by

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Nagasena.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, Civil Services, Buddhist Studies Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Nagasena was a Buddhist monk who engaged in philosophical dialogues with King Milinda, also known as Menander I, a Greek king of the Indo-Greek Kingdom.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Nagasena with other Buddhist figures such as Nagarjuna or Gautam Buddha, who are also significant in Buddhist history.

Explanations: Nagasena was the monk who engaged in the famous dialogues with King Milinda, which were recorded in the Milinda Panha, a text that details the philosophical discussions between the two. These dialogues are renowned for their exploration of Buddhist philosophy and the nature of reality.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Nagasena is the correct answer as he was the monk who preached Nirvana to King Milinda.
Option B: Nagarjuna was a significant Buddhist philosopher but not the one who engaged in dialogues with King Milinda.
Option C: Gautam Buddha was the founder of Buddhism but did not engage in dialogues with King Milinda.
Option D: This option is incorrect as Nagasena is the correct answer.

Mnemonic: Naga for Nagasena, Milinda for the King.

624. The cause of suffering, according to Samkhya, philosophy is

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Ignorance.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, Philosophy exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In Samkhya philosophy, ignorance (avidya) is considered the root cause of suffering.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse ignorance with attachment or fear, which are also significant concepts in Indian philosophy but not the primary cause of suffering in Samkhya.

Explanations: According to Samkhya philosophy, ignorance (avidya) is the fundamental cause of suffering. This ignorance is the lack of understanding of the true nature of reality, leading to the misidentification of the self with the material world. This misidentification results in the cycle of suffering and rebirth. The other options, such as fear and attachment, are consequences of this ignorance but not the primary cause.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Fear is a consequence of ignorance but not the primary cause of suffering in Samkhya philosophy.
Option B: Ignorance (avidya) is the root cause of suffering in Samkhya philosophy, as it leads to the misidentification of the self with the material world.
Option C: Attachment is a result of ignorance and contributes to suffering but is not the primary cause in Samkhya philosophy.
Option D: This option is incorrect as ignorance is the correct answer.

Mnemonic: Avidya leads to Maya, Maya leads to Dukkha.

625. Liberation, according to Samkhya, can be attained by:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Knowledge.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, IAS, Civil Services

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In Samkhya philosophy, liberation (moksha) is achieved through the attainment of knowledge (jnana).

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse liberation with practices like penance or enjoyment, which are not the primary means of achieving liberation in Samkhya.

Explanations: According to Samkhya philosophy, liberation is attained through the realization of the distinction between Purusha (consciousness) and Prakriti (material nature). This realization is achieved through knowledge, not through penance or enjoyment. Knowledge of the true nature of self and the material world leads to liberation from the cycle of birth and death.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Penance is not the primary means of achieving liberation in Samkhya philosophy.
Option B: Enjoyment is not the primary means of achieving liberation in Samkhya philosophy.
Option C: Knowledge is the correct means of achieving liberation in Samkhya philosophy.
Option D: This option is incorrect as knowledge is the correct means of achieving liberation.

Mnemonic: J for Jnana, J for Joy of liberation.

626. The self in Samkhya philosophy is known as

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Purusa.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, IAS, Philosophy exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: In Samkhya philosophy, the self is known as Purusa, which represents the pure consciousness or the unchanging, eternal self.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse Purusa with Atman, which is the concept of the self in other Indian philosophies like Advaita Vedanta.

Explanations: In Samkhya philosophy, Purusa is the unchanging, eternal self that is distinct from the material world (Prakriti). It is the pure consciousness that is unaffected by the material world and is the ultimate subject of experience. Atman, on the other hand, is a concept from other Indian philosophies and does not specifically refer to the self in Samkhya.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Purusa is the correct term for the self in Samkhya philosophy.
Option B: Atman is the self in Advaita Vedanta, not in Samkhya.
Option C: Jiva is the individual self or soul in some Indian philosophies, but not specifically in Samkhya.
Option D: This option is incorrect as Purusa is the correct term.

Mnemonic: P for Purusa, P for Pure consciousness.

627. The liberation by living, according to Samkhya philosophy, can be termed as

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Both (A) and (B).

Exam Relevance: PhD entrance exams, Philosophy exams, Religious Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In Samkhya philosophy, liberation can be achieved both through the state of living (Jivanmukti) and through the state of disembodied existence (Videhamukti).

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that liberation in Samkhya philosophy can only be achieved in one form, either through living or disembodied existence, but not both.

Explanations: Samkhya philosophy recognizes two forms of liberation: Jivanmukti, which is liberation while still living, and Videhamukti, which is liberation after the body has ceased to exist. Both forms are valid paths to achieving the ultimate state of liberation according to Samkhya teachings. Therefore, the correct answer includes both Jivanmukti and Videhamukti.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Videhamukti is a form of liberation in Samkhya philosophy, but it is not the only form.
Option B: Jivanmukti is also a form of liberation in Samkhya philosophy, but it is not the only form.
Option C: Both Videhamukti and Jivanmukti are recognized forms of liberation in Samkhya philosophy, making this the correct answer.
Option D: This option is incorrect as both Videhamukti and Jivanmukti are valid forms of liberation in Samkhya philosophy.

628. Liberation after death, according to Samkhya philosophy, can be termed as

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Videhamukti.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, IAS, Civil Services

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In Samkhya philosophy, liberation after death is referred to as Videhamukti.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Videhamukti with Jivanmukti, which refers to liberation while still alive.

Explanations: Videhamukti is the term used in Samkhya philosophy to denote liberation after the death of the physical body. This concept is distinct from Jivanmukti, which refers to liberation achieved while still alive. In Samkhya, the ultimate goal is the separation of Purusha (consciousness) from Prakriti (material nature), which occurs after the body's death, leading to Videhamukti.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Videhamukti is the correct term for liberation after death in Samkhya philosophy.
Option B: Jivanmukti refers to liberation while still alive, not after death.
Option C: Both (A) and (B) is incorrect as only Videhamukti refers to liberation after death.
Option D: None of these is incorrect as Videhamukti is the correct term.

Mnemonic: Videha = Without body, Mukti = Liberation

629. The final state of liberation, according to Samkhya philosophy, is

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Videhamukti.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, IAS, Civil Services, Philosophy Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In Samkhya philosophy, the final state of liberation is known as Videhamukti, which refers to the ultimate release of the self (Purusha) from the cycle of birth and death.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse Videhamukti with Jivanmukti, which is the state of liberation while still alive, as opposed to Videhamukti, which occurs after the death of the body.

Explanations: Videhamukti is the final state of liberation in Samkhya philosophy. It signifies the complete separation of the self (Purusha) from Prakriti (material nature) and the attainment of eternal freedom. This state is achieved after the death of the body, hence the term "Videha" meaning "without a body." Jivanmukti, on the other hand, refers to liberation while still alive, which is not the final state according to Samkhya.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Videhamukti is the correct term for the final state of liberation in Samkhya philosophy.
Option B: Jivanmukti is the state of liberation while still alive, not the final state of liberation.
Option C: Both (A) and (B) is incorrect because Jivanmukti is not the final state of liberation in Samkhya philosophy.
Option D: None of these is incorrect as Videhamukti is the correct term for the final state of liberation.

Mnemonic: Videha = Without Body, Final Freedom

630. Liberation and bondage, according to Samkhya philosophy, are of the nature of

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Practical reality.

Exam Relevance: PhD entrance exams, Philosophy exams, Religious Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In Samkhya philosophy, liberation (moksha) and bondage (samsara) are considered practical realities that pertain to the individual's experience and understanding of the world.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that liberation and bondage are ultimate realities, which are beyond practical experience and understanding.

Explanations: According to Samkhya philosophy, liberation and bondage are not abstract or ultimate realities but are practical realities that are experienced by individuals. They are states of consciousness that arise from the interaction between Purusha (consciousness) and Prakriti (material nature). Liberation is the realization of the true nature of Purusha, free from the influence of Prakriti, while bondage is the state of being entangled in the material world. These states are not merely theoretical but are practical realities that can be experienced and understood through philosophical inquiry and practice.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Dream-like states are not the focus of Samkhya's understanding of liberation and bondage.
Option B: Ultimate reality in Samkhya refers to the ultimate nature of Purusha, not the states of liberation and bondage.
Option C: Liberation and bondage are practical realities experienced by individuals in their interaction with the material world.
Option D: This option is incorrect as liberation and bondage are indeed practical realities in Samkhya philosophy.

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6 thoughts on “MCQs of Education - Set 63”

Amina Khatun January 1, 2020
Dada,apnar EI practice set tar Kno jobab nei….vison helpful 🙏🙏
JITENDRA KUMAR SETHI April 23, 2020
Better question
vijay April 26, 2020
Q44
Wilhelm Wundt opened the Institute for Experimental Psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879.
Aliza Ali December 14, 2020
I don,t agree with mcq no.759🤨
KISHOR RAMDHAN GHUNAWAT April 26, 2021
Nice sir Thanks for.
Syed Zaheer Abbas September 2, 2021
بہت مرہ آیا قسم سے ، from Skardu rundu Pakistan

6 thoughts on “MCQs of Education - Set 63”

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