sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

91. Why do many sociologists use scare quotes when discussing race?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) The concept has no scientific basis but is still widely used.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Social Theory Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Sociologists use scare quotes to indicate skepticism about the scientific validity of race as a biological concept.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that race is a scientifically established biological category.

Explanations: Sociologists use scare quotes around the term "race" to indicate that the concept, while widely used in society, lacks a scientific basis. The term "race" is often used in a social and cultural context rather than a biological one, reflecting the social construction of race rather than a biological reality. This usage highlights the critical perspective that race is a socially constructed category rather than a scientifically defined one.

Option Analysis:

Option A: While race can be a complex concept, the use of scare quotes is more specifically about its lack of scientific basis.
Option B: The number of races is indeed disputed, but this is not the primary reason for using scare quotes.
Option C: This is the correct answer as it accurately reflects the sociological perspective on the concept of race.
Option D: Distinguishing science from ethnicity is not the main reason for using scare quotes in this context.

Mnemonic: RACE = Recognize Artificially Constructed Ethnicities

92. In the United States.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Values norms and beliefs are often in conflict.

Exam Relevance: AP US History, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In the United States, values, norms, and beliefs can often be in conflict due to the diverse cultural, social, and political landscape.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that values, norms, and beliefs are always aligned in a society, overlooking the inherent diversity and complexity.

Explanations: The United States is a diverse nation with a wide range of cultural, social, and political influences. This diversity often leads to conflicting values, norms, and beliefs among different groups. For example, there can be conflicts between individualistic values and collective norms, or between traditional beliefs and modern values. Therefore, it is accurate to say that values, norms, and beliefs are often in conflict in the United States.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is incorrect because values, norms, and beliefs are not always in agreement in the United States.
Option B: This option is incorrect because values, norms, and beliefs are important in shaping societal behavior and interactions.
Option C: This option is correct because the diversity in the United States often leads to conflicts among values, norms, and beliefs.
Option D: This option is incorrect because while the United States is a free country, people's values and beliefs are still influenced by societal norms and cultural contexts.

93. In sociology French Revolution organized in

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) 1789.

Exam Relevance: AP World History, IB History, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The French Revolution began in 1789, marking a significant period of social and political upheaval in France.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the start date of the French Revolution with other significant dates in French history, such as the signing of the Treaty of Versailles or the reign of Louis XVI.

Explanations: The French Revolution officially began in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789. This event is widely recognized as the starting point of the revolution, which led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic.

Option Analysis:

Option A: 1785 is incorrect as it predates the start of the French Revolution.
Option B: 1789 is the correct year when the French Revolution began.
Option C: 1765 is incorrect as it is too early and does not align with the historical timeline of the French Revolution.
Option D: 1745 is incorrect as it is also too early and does not correspond to the start of the French Revolution.

94. Principal factors that social scientist see influencing personality and behavior are:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Heredity, birth order, parents, and the cultural environment.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, GRE Psychology, MCAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Social scientists recognize several key factors that influence personality and behavior, including heredity, birth order, parental influence, and cultural environment.

Common Mistakes: Students may overlook the role of heredity or cultural environment, focusing only on immediate family influences.

Explanations: Heredity refers to the genetic traits passed down from parents, which can influence personality traits. Birth order can affect personality development, as older siblings may be more responsible and younger siblings more rebellious. Parents play a significant role in shaping behavior through upbringing and environment. The cultural environment includes societal norms and values that influence behavior and personality. These factors collectively contribute to the development of personality and behavior.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option correctly identifies the key factors influencing personality and behavior as recognized by social scientists.
Option B: This option is incomplete as it does not include heredity and birth order, which are important factors.
Option C: This option is incomplete as it does not include heredity and the cultural environment, which are important factors.
Option D: This option is incorrect as it does not provide any of the factors influencing personality and behavior.

Mnemonic: HBPCE: Heredity, Birth Order, Parents, Cultural Environment

95. Social movements never.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) None of the above.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, Civil Service Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Social movements can develop into political parties, are often voluntary associations, and can gain control of governments.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that social movements are inherently separate from political structures and cannot evolve into political entities.

Explanations: Social movements can evolve into political parties, as seen in historical examples where movements have transformed into formal political organizations. They are typically voluntary associations formed around shared goals or ideologies. Additionally, social movements can gain control of governments through various means, such as electoral processes or social upheaval. Therefore, the statement that social movements never do any of these things is incorrect.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Social movements can develop into political parties, so this is incorrect.
Option B: Social movements are often voluntary associations, so this is incorrect.
Option C: Social movements can gain control of governments, so this is incorrect.
Option D: None of the above is the correct answer as the other options are not universally true.

96. Data drawn from research that has been carried out by the researcher is known as

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Primary data.

Exam Relevance: Research Methods, Statistics, Social Science Research

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Primary data is data collected directly by the researcher for a specific purpose, often through methods like surveys, experiments, or observations.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse primary data with secondary data, which is data collected by someone other than the researcher and used for a different purpose.

Explanations: Primary data is defined as data that is collected directly by the researcher for a specific research purpose. This data is original and collected through methods such as surveys, interviews, experiments, or direct observations. The researcher has control over the data collection process, ensuring that the data is tailored to the research objectives. This makes primary data distinct from secondary data, which is data that has been collected by others for a different purpose and is used by the researcher for their own analysis.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Secondary data is data collected by someone other than the researcher and used for a different purpose, which does not match the description given in the question.
Option B: Reliable data refers to data that can be consistently reproduced and is not necessarily related to the method of data collection.
Option C: Valid data refers to data that accurately measures what it is intended to measure, which is not specific to the method of data collection.
Option D: Primary data is data collected directly by the researcher for a specific purpose, which matches the description given in the question.

97. Which stabilizing integration occurs when two or more people or groups work together to achieve a goal that will benefit more than one person?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Cooperation.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Cooperation is the process where two or more individuals or groups work together to achieve a common goal that benefits all involved.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse cooperation with exchange, where individuals trade goods or services for mutual benefit, rather than working together towards a shared goal.

Explanations: Cooperation involves collaboration and joint effort to achieve a shared objective. This aligns with the definition provided in the question, where multiple parties work together for a mutual benefit.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Exchange involves trading goods or services, not necessarily working together towards a shared goal.
Option B: Cooperation is the correct term for working together to achieve a common goal that benefits all involved.
Option C: Accommodation typically refers to adjusting one's behavior to fit in with others, not necessarily working towards a shared goal.
Option D: None of the above is incorrect as cooperation is the correct term.

98. When two or more people or groups work together to achieve a goal that will benefit more than one person it is called .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Cooperation.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Cooperation is the act of working together to achieve a common goal that benefits multiple parties.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse cooperation with competition, where parties work against each other rather than together.

Explanations: Cooperation involves collaboration and mutual support among individuals or groups to achieve a shared objective. This aligns with the description provided in the question, where multiple parties work together for a collective benefit.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Conflict involves disagreement or opposition, which is the opposite of working together for mutual benefit.
Option B: Competition involves striving to outperform others, which does not align with the collaborative nature described in the question.
Option C: Role expectations refer to the behaviors and responsibilities expected of individuals in specific roles, not the act of working together for a shared goal.
Option D: Cooperation is the correct term for working together to achieve a common goal that benefits multiple parties.

Mnemonic: C-O-P-E-R-A-T-E: Collaborate, Organize, Partner, Engage, Rally, Act, Together, Efficiently.

99. According to Irene Frieze and Esther Sales, females undergo how many phases of adult developement?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) 3.

Exam Relevance: Psychology PhD exams, Developmental Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: According to Irene Frieze and Esther Sales, females undergo three phases of adult development.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the number of phases with other developmental models or theories.

Explanations: Frieze and Sales propose that adult female development consists of three distinct phases. These phases are characterized by different life challenges and developmental tasks. The phases are not arbitrary but are based on empirical research and observations of female development. Therefore, the correct number of phases is three.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Females undergo three phases of adult development according to Frieze and Sales.
Option B: Incorrect. Four phases are not supported by Frieze and Sales' model.
Option C: Incorrect. One phase is insufficient to capture the complexity of female adult development.
Option D: Incorrect. Two phases do not align with Frieze and Sales' research findings.

100. The Protestant Ethic supported capitalism through the religious doctrine that praised.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Hard work and thrift.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Economics exams, Religious Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The Protestant Ethic, as proposed by Max Weber, supports capitalism by emphasizing religious doctrines that praise hard work and thrift.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the Protestant Ethic with other religious doctrines that emphasize different values, such as predestination or turning the other cheek.

Explanations: The Protestant Ethic, as articulated by Max Weber, posits that religious beliefs can influence economic behavior. Specifically, it argues that the Calvinist doctrine of predestination led individuals to seek signs of their salvation through hard work and thrift. These behaviors, in turn, fostered the development of capitalism by encouraging productivity and the accumulation of wealth. Thus, the religious doctrine that praised hard work and thrift supported capitalism.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. The Protestant Ethic praised hard work and thrift, which supported the development of capitalism.
Option B: Incorrect. Predestination is a theological concept within Calvinism but does not directly support capitalism.
Option C: Incorrect. "Turning the other cheek" is a concept from Christian teachings and does not align with the Protestant Ethic's support for capitalism.
Option D: Incorrect. Buying indulgences is associated with Catholic practices and is not related to the Protestant Ethic.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 10”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 10”

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