sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

81. Why did Cooley refer to certain groups as "primary groups"?They are among the first groups we experience in life. They include more members than secondary groups. They sometimes only exist for a short period of time. Their members often consider group membership as a means to a goal.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) They are among the first groups we experience in life.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Primary groups are characterized by close, personal, and enduring relationships, often formed in early life.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse primary groups with secondary groups, which are more formal and less personal.

Explanations: Cooley referred to certain groups as "primary groups" because they are among the first groups we experience in life, such as family and close friends. These groups are characterized by intimate, face-to-face interaction and emotional bonds, which are foundational to our social development.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This is the correct answer as primary groups are indeed among the first groups we experience in life.
Option B: This is incorrect because primary groups typically include fewer members compared to secondary groups.
Option C: This is incorrect because primary groups are generally long-lasting and not temporary.
Option D: This is incorrect because members of primary groups do not typically view group membership as a means to a goal; rather, the relationships are ends in themselves.

82. Symbolic analysts are.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Only a and b.

Exam Relevance: Management exams, Business analytics exams, Organizational behavior exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Symbolic analysts are individuals who work in new enterprises and are capable of manipulating data, words, and visual images.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that symbolic analysts are only those who work in new enterprises, overlooking their capability to manipulate data, words, and visual images.

Explanations: Symbolic analysts are defined as individuals who work in new enterprises and possess the ability to manipulate data, words, and visual images. This dual characteristic makes them distinct from other types of employees. Therefore, the correct answer includes both aspects: working in new enterprises and the capability to manipulate data, words, and visual images.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This is partially correct as symbolic analysts are indeed employed in new enterprises.
Option B: This is also partially correct as symbolic analysts are capable of manipulating data, words, and visual images.
Option C: This is incorrect as symbolic analysts are not necessarily psychologists with advanced degrees.
Option D: This is the correct answer as it combines both accurate aspects of symbolic analysts.

83. The behaviors and attitudes that a society considers proper for its males and females

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Gender.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Gender Studies exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Gender refers to the behaviors and attitudes that a society considers proper for its males and females.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse gender with biological sex, which refers to biological differences between males and females.

Explanations: Gender is the correct answer because it encompasses the societal expectations and norms associated with being male or female. These expectations include roles, behaviors, and attitudes that are deemed appropriate for each gender within a given culture or society.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Anticipatory socialization refers to the process of learning behaviors and attitudes that will be expected in future roles, not the societal expectations for males and females.
Option B: Gender correctly refers to the societal expectations and norms associated with being male or female.
Option C: Agents of socialization are the institutions or individuals that influence an individual's socialization, not the societal expectations for males and females.
Option D: Manifest functions are the obvious and intended consequences of a social pattern, not the societal expectations for males and females.

Mnemonic: GEM: Gender Expectations Mapped

84. The process of circulating petitions in order to place specific issues before the legislators is called.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Initiative.

Exam Relevance: AP Government, US History, Civics Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The initiative process allows citizens to propose legislation directly, bypassing the usual legislative process.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the initiative with other forms of citizen participation, such as referendums or recalls.

Explanations: The initiative process is a form of direct democracy where citizens can propose new laws or amendments to existing laws by collecting a required number of signatures on a petition. Once the petition is validated, the issue is placed on the ballot for a public vote. This process is distinct from other forms of citizen participation, such as referendums or recalls, and is correctly identified as the initiative.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Impressment is the act of forcing individuals into military or naval service, which is unrelated to the initiative process.
Option B: Appeasement is a diplomatic strategy of making concessions to an aggressor to avoid conflict, which is unrelated to the initiative process.
Option C: Innuendo is an indirect or suggestive implication, often used in a negative context, which is unrelated to the initiative process.
Option D: Initiative is the correct term for the process of circulating petitions to place specific issues before legislators.

Mnemonic: I - Initiative, I - Initiative, I - Initiative

85. Small often mobile society that rely on domesticated herd animals to meet their food needs.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Pastoral.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Geography, SAT Subject Test in World History

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Pastoral societies are characterized by their reliance on domesticated herd animals for food and other resources. They are often mobile, moving with their herds to find grazing land.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse pastoral societies with hunter-gatherer societies, which rely on hunting and gathering wild food sources rather than domesticated animals.

Explanations: Pastoral societies are defined by their dependence on domesticated herd animals for food and other resources. They are typically mobile, moving with their herds to find grazing land. This mobility and reliance on herd animals aligns with the description provided in the question.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Hunter-Gatherer societies rely on hunting and gathering wild food sources, not domesticated herd animals.
Option B: Pastoral societies rely on domesticated herd animals and are often mobile, matching the description in the question.
Option C: Horticultural societies rely on small-scale farming, not domesticated herd animals.
Option D: Agricultural societies rely on large-scale farming, not domesticated herd animals.

Mnemonic: Pastoral: Pasture, Herd, Mobile

86. Society shaping us into who we are is an example of?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Nurture.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The concept of nurture refers to the environmental factors that shape an individual's development, including societal influences.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse nurture with nature, which refers to genetic and biological factors.

Explanations: Society shaping us into who we are is an example of nurture because it involves the environmental and social factors that influence our development. These factors include cultural norms, social interactions, and educational experiences, all of which fall under the nurture category.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Nature refers to genetic and biological factors, not societal influences.
Option B: Nurture refers to environmental and social factors that shape an individual's development.
Option C: The question specifically asks for an example of nurture, not nature.
Option D: The question is clearly asking for an example of nurture, which is provided by option B.

Mnemonic: Society shapes nurture, not nature.

87. Which one is an advantage for using closed-ended questions?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Large number of responses can be collected.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, GRE, MCAT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Closed-ended questions are designed to limit responses to a set of predefined options, which facilitates the collection and analysis of a large number of responses.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that closed-ended questions allow for more detailed and nuanced responses, which is not true as they restrict answers to specific choices.

Explanations: Closed-ended questions are advantageous because they can be easily quantified and analyzed statistically. This makes it possible to collect and process a large number of responses efficiently, which is why option A is correct.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Closed-ended questions allow for the collection of a large number of responses due to their structured nature.
Option B: Incorrect. Closed-ended questions do not inherently make people look closely at the results; they simply facilitate data collection.
Option C: Incorrect. Closed-ended questions restrict responses to predefined options, limiting the ability of respondents to answer freely.
Option D: Incorrect. This option is not applicable as option A is correct.

88. Validity

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Extent to which an operational definition measures what it is intended to measure.

Exam Relevance: Psychology exams, Research Methods exams, Statistics exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Validity refers to the extent to which a measurement tool accurately measures the concept it is intended to measure.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse validity with reliability, which is the consistency of results over time.

Explanations: Validity is a critical concept in research and measurement. It ensures that the operational definition used in a study accurately reflects the theoretical construct it aims to measure. This is essential for the results to be meaningful and applicable to the intended context. The other options describe different concepts: factors that vary (Option A) is related to variables, consistency over time (Option C) is reliability, and the total number of individuals (Option D) is the population size.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This describes variables, not validity.
Option B: This correctly defines validity.
Option C: This describes reliability, not validity.
Option D: This describes the population size, not validity.

89. Beliefs

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Peoples ideas about what is real and what is not real.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Beliefs are personal or collective convictions about what is true or real.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse beliefs with values or norms, which are different concepts.

Explanations: Beliefs are defined as personal or collective convictions about what is true or real. They represent what people consider to be factual or valid, distinguishing between what they perceive as real and not real. This aligns with the definition provided in option A.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correctly defines beliefs as ideas about reality.
Option B: Refers to shared ideas or moral beliefs, which is broader than the specific definition of beliefs.
Option C: Refers to socially accepted rules, which are norms, not beliefs.
Option D: Incorrect as one of the options is correct.

90. This experimenter was interested in researching how far people would go in obeying an instruction if it involved harming another person.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) This was Stanley Milgram.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, GRE Psychology, MCAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Stanley Milgram conducted experiments to study obedience to authority figures, particularly in situations where participants were instructed to administer electric shocks to another person.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Stanley Milgram with other social psychologists like Solomon Asch or Philip Zimbardo, who also conducted influential experiments in social psychology.

Explanations: Stanley Milgram's obedience experiments involved participants who were instructed to administer electric shocks to a learner, who was actually an actor. The purpose was to study how far individuals would go in obeying an authority figure, even if it meant causing harm to another person. This aligns with the description provided in the question.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Leon Festinger is known for his cognitive dissonance theory, not obedience experiments.
Option B: Solomon Asch is known for his conformity experiments, not obedience experiments.
Option C: Philip Zimbardo is known for the Stanford Prison Experiment, which focused on the psychological effects of perceived power, not obedience to authority figures.
Option D: Stanley Milgram conducted the obedience experiments described in the question.

Mnemonic: Obedience, Shock, Milgram

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 9”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 9”

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