sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

71. When dealing with sociology, what is power?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Ability to impose one's will on others.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In sociology, power is defined as the ability to influence or control the behavior of others, often by imposing one's will.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse power with other social constructs like communication or learned behaviors.

Explanations: Power in sociology is fundamentally about the ability to influence or control others. This means having the capacity to make others do what you want, even if they would not do so otherwise. This aligns with the definition provided in option D, which states the ability to impose one's will on others.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Learned values and behaviors are related to socialization, not power.
Option B: Communication of understanding pertains to interaction and information exchange, not power.
Option C: Behavior based on meaningful understanding is more about comprehension and action, not power.
Option D: This correctly defines power as the ability to impose one's will on others.

72. ..... is a social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another, including any children

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Family.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Social and Cultural Anthropology, High School Social Studies

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The family is a social institution that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another, including any children.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the role of family with other social institutions like government or relatives, which do not specifically unite people for the purpose of cooperative care.

Explanations: The family is a fundamental social institution that provides a cooperative structure for caring for its members, including children. This institution is universally present across all societies and is specifically designed to support and nurture its members.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Family is the correct answer as it is the social institution that unites people for cooperative care.
Option B: Parents alone do not form a social institution; they are part of the family unit.
Option C: Relatives are extended family members but do not form a specific social institution for cooperative care.
Option D: Government is a broader institution that does not specifically unite people for the purpose of cooperative care.

Mnemonic: FAMILY: Found Across Many Institutions, Linked for Yearning

73. What type of standards did Parsons say children are judged on in the family

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Particularistic.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Family Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Particularistic standards refer to judgments based on personal relationships and specific circumstances rather than universal rules or merit.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse particularistic standards with universalistic standards, which apply the same rules to everyone.

Explanations: Parsons argued that in the family, children are judged based on particularistic standards. This means that evaluations and treatment of children are influenced by personal relationships and specific circumstances within the family, rather than by universal rules or merit. This aligns with the concept of particularistic standards, which emphasizes the unique context and relationships rather than applying a uniform set of criteria.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Meritocratic standards involve judging individuals based on their abilities and achievements, which does not align with Parsons' view of family dynamics.
Option B: Particularistic standards are based on personal relationships and specific circumstances, which fits Parsons' description of how children are judged in the family.
Option C: Universalistic standards apply the same rules to everyone, which contradicts the idea of particularistic standards in the family context.
Option D: Capitalist standards are related to economic systems and do not pertain to the family dynamics described by Parsons.

74. A protest for women's rights would be an example of which social interaction? (EQ #18)

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Conflict.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Conflict in social interactions involves opposing viewpoints or actions that lead to disagreement or confrontation.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse conflict with cooperation, thinking that a protest is a form of collective action rather than a confrontation.

Explanations: A protest for women's rights involves individuals or groups expressing disagreement with existing social norms or policies. This expression of disagreement and confrontation with the status quo is a form of conflict. The protest aims to challenge and change existing conditions, which aligns with the concept of conflict.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Conformity involves adhering to group norms, which is not the case in a protest.
Option B: Conflict involves opposing viewpoints and confrontation, which is evident in a protest.
Option C: Coercion involves forcing someone to do something, which is not the primary nature of a protest.
Option D: Cooperation involves working together towards a common goal, which is not the primary nature of a protest.

75. According to sociology a large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific interest or activity is called

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Secondary group.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Social Psychology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In sociology, a secondary group is a large and impersonal social group where members pursue a specific interest or activity.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse secondary groups with primary groups, which are smaller, more personal, and characterized by close, long-term relationships.

Explanations: Secondary groups are defined by their large size, impersonal nature, and the pursuit of specific interests or activities. Unlike primary groups, which are characterized by close, personal relationships, secondary groups are more formal and less emotionally intimate. This makes them the correct choice for the given description.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Relationships refer to the connections between individuals, not a specific type of social group.
Option B: Primary groups are characterized by close, personal relationships, which does not match the description of a large and impersonal group.
Option C: Secondary groups are large, impersonal, and focused on specific interests or activities, fitting the description provided.
Option D: Social groups is a broad term that encompasses both primary and secondary groups, making it too general for the specific description given.

76. Consider the following Statements: : Sociology focuses on individual behavior, while psychology focuses on group behavior. Cultural variations exist among and within societies. : Social-Conflict Paradigm draws its conclusions about culture from the research of sociologists like Karl Marx Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Only 2, 3.

Exam Relevance: GRE, MCAT, Sociology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Sociology and psychology have distinct focuses, with sociology examining group behavior and psychology focusing on individual behavior. Cultural variations are indeed present among and within societies. The Social-Conflict Paradigm, influenced by sociologists like Karl Marx, emphasizes conflict and inequality within societies.

Common Mistakes: Students may incorrectly believe that sociology focuses on individual behavior and psychology on group behavior, leading to confusion between the two disciplines.

Explanations: Statement 1 is incorrect because sociology focuses on group behavior, while psychology focuses on individual behavior. Statement 2 is correct as cultural variations do exist among and within societies. Statement 3 is correct because the Social-Conflict Paradigm, influenced by Karl Marx, draws conclusions about culture from sociological research. Therefore, the correct answer is D, which includes statements 2 and 3.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because statement 1 is false.
Option B: Incorrect because statement 1 is false.
Option C: Incorrect because statement 1 is false.
Option D: Correct because statements 2 and 3 are true.

77. According to the act , children of which age group will be provided free and compulsory education

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) 6 years to 14 years.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, SSC, Banking Exams, State PSC

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The Right to Education Act in India mandates free and compulsory education for children in the age group of 6 to 14 years.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the age range with other educational policies or acts, such as the age for primary education.

Explanations: The Right to Education Act, also known as the RTE Act, was enacted in 2009 to provide free and compulsory education to children in the age group of 6 to 14 years. This act ensures that all children within this age range have access to quality education without any cost.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect, as the age range starts from 6 years, not 7 years.
Option B: Incorrect, as it does not specify the starting age of 6 years.
Option C: Correct, as it accurately reflects the age range specified in the RTE Act.
Option D: Incorrect, as the age range is up to 14 years, not 10 years.

Mnemonic: RTE Act: 6 to 14, Free and Compulsory

78. Sociologist Alvin Gouldner sees Erving Goffman's work on social behaviour as implicitly reaffirming the status quo especialy social class inequalities Gouldner's critique is associated with the.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Conflict perspective.

Exam Relevance: Sociology GRE, Sociology PhD Qualifying Exams, Sociology Comprehensive Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The conflict perspective in sociology emphasizes the role of power and inequality in social relationships. It critiques functionalist views that see society as a harmonious system and instead focuses on the ways in which social structures and interactions can perpetuate inequality.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that Goffman's work aligns with the functionalist perspective, which sees social behaviors as maintaining social order and stability.

Explanations: Gouldner critiques Goffman's work from a conflict perspective, arguing that Goffman's analysis of social behavior implicitly supports the status quo, particularly social class inequalities. The conflict perspective highlights how social interactions can reinforce existing power dynamics and inequalities, which aligns with Gouldner's critique.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The functionalist perspective emphasizes social stability and order, which does not align with Gouldner's critique of Goffman's work.
Option B: The conflict perspective focuses on power and inequality, which is consistent with Gouldner's critique of Goffman's work.
Option C: The interactionist perspective focuses on the meanings individuals derive from social interactions, which is not the focus of Gouldner's critique.
Option D: The psychoanalytic perspective focuses on the unconscious mind and its influence on behavior, which is not relevant to Gouldner's critique of Goffman's work.

79. Religious organization that arises out of a desire to reform an existing religious organization

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Sect.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Religious Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A sect is a religious organization that arises out of a desire to reform an existing religious organization.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse a sect with a fundamentalist group, which is more focused on strict adherence to traditional beliefs rather than reform.

Explanations: A sect is a religious group that has separated from a larger religious organization, often due to disagreements over doctrine or practices. The primary motivation for a sect's formation is to reform or purify the original religious organization. This aligns with the definition provided in the question, making "sect" the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: A church is a larger, more established religious organization and does not typically arise from a desire to reform an existing organization.
Option B: Fundamentalism is a movement within a religion that seeks to return to the basics of the faith, but it does not necessarily involve reforming an existing organization.
Option C: A sect is a religious group that arises from a desire to reform an existing religious organization, which matches the description in the question.
Option D: New religious movements are typically independent and not derived from a desire to reform an existing organization.

Mnemonic: Sects Seek Reform

80. Social dynamics are processes that.....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Change society.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Social and Cultural Anthropology, SAT Subject Test in Sociology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Social dynamics refer to the processes and patterns of interaction among individuals and groups within a society. These dynamics can lead to changes in societal structures, norms, and behaviors.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that social dynamics only maintain the status quo and do not lead to change.

Explanations: Social dynamics involve interactions and relationships that can lead to shifts in societal norms, values, and structures. These processes are not static; they can result in significant changes over time, such as the evolution of social norms, the emergence of new social movements, and the transformation of cultural practices.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Social dynamics do not merely hold society together; they can also lead to changes.
Option B: Social dynamics can lead to changes in societal structures and norms, making this the correct answer.
Option C: Social dynamics are not static and can lead to significant changes in society.
Option D: This option is incorrect as social dynamics do have an impact on society.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 8”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 8”

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