sociology MCQ questions answers

1101. The time around one-and-a-half years of age when a child starts mimicking the behavior of others is called the.....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Imitation age.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The term "imitation age" refers to the developmental stage around one-and-a-half years of age when children begin to mimic the behavior of others.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse this term with "self-concept," which is related to the development of a sense of self, rather than the ability to imitate others.

Explanations: The correct answer is "Imitation age" because it specifically describes the period when children start to imitate the actions and behaviors of others, which is a key developmental milestone around one-and-a-half years of age.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Imitation age is the term used to describe the developmental stage when children start mimicking others.
Option B: Incorrect. The "game stage" is not a recognized term for this developmental milestone.
Option C: Incorrect. "Self concept" refers to the development of a sense of self, not the ability to imitate others.
Option D: Incorrect. "I" is not a term used to describe this developmental stage.

1102. Explains human behavior through over 10,000 instincts.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Sociobiology.

Exam Relevance: AP Biology, Psychology Exams, Anthropology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Sociobiology is a field that applies the principles of evolutionary biology to the study of social behavior in animals, including humans. It suggests that many human behaviors can be explained by innate instincts that have evolved over time to enhance survival and reproduction.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse sociobiology with other fields like psychology or anthropology, which also study human behavior but do not focus on evolutionary instincts.

Explanations: Sociobiology explains human behavior through the lens of evolutionary biology, suggesting that many behaviors are driven by innate instincts that have evolved over time. This aligns with the claim of over 10,000 instincts influencing human behavior. Experience, on the other hand, refers to learned behaviors and does not encompass the evolutionary basis of instincts.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Experience refers to learned behaviors and does not account for innate instincts.
Option B: Sociobiology explains human behavior through evolutionary instincts, fitting the description given.
Option C: This option is incorrect as only sociobiology fits the description.
Option D: This option is incorrect as sociobiology is the correct explanation.

Mnemonic: Sociobiology = Social + Biology = Instincts + Evolution

1103. The key figure in Buddhism is

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Siddhartha Gautama.

Exam Relevance: World Religions, Religious Studies, History Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Siddhartha Gautama, also known as the Buddha, is the central figure in Buddhism. He is believed to have achieved enlightenment and founded the Buddhist tradition.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Siddhartha Gautama with other religious figures such as Jesus or Muhammad, who are central to Christianity and Islam, respectively.

Explanations: Siddhartha Gautama is the key figure in Buddhism because he is the historical founder of the religion. He is believed to have lived in ancient India and taught the path to enlightenment, which forms the core of Buddhist teachings.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Jesus is the central figure in Christianity, not Buddhism.
Option B: Guru Nanak is the founder of Sikhism, not Buddhism.
Option C: Muhammad is the central figure in Islam, not Buddhism.
Option D: Siddhartha Gautama is the historical founder of Buddhism and is considered the Buddha.

Mnemonic: Buddha, Buddhism, Buddha

1104. The highest subcategory of the lower class, often land decent jobs in fields like custodial or food service

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Working class.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, Sociology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The working class is the highest subcategory of the lower class and often includes individuals who hold decent jobs in fields like custodial or food service.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the working class with the middle class, which typically includes individuals with higher-paying jobs and more stable employment.

Explanations: The working class is characterized by individuals who hold jobs that are often considered blue-collar or service-oriented. These jobs, such as custodial or food service positions, provide a decent income but are not as high-paying as those in the middle class. The working class is the highest subcategory of the lower class, indicating that they have better job opportunities and income levels compared to the underclass.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The upper class is not a subcategory of the lower class and typically includes individuals with high incomes and significant wealth.
Option B: The working class is the highest subcategory of the lower class and often includes individuals with decent jobs in fields like custodial or food service.
Option C: The middle class is not a subcategory of the lower class and typically includes individuals with higher-paying jobs and more stable employment.
Option D: The underclass is a subcategory of the lower class but is characterized by individuals with the lowest income levels and often face significant economic challenges.

Mnemonic: Working class: "W" for "Wage" earners, not wealthy.

1105. One of the difficulties in ope rationalizing concepts like social class is that.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Definitions and indicators can vary making valid comparisons problematic.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Research Methods exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Operationalizing concepts like social class involves defining and measuring them in a way that can be studied scientifically. The challenge lies in the variability of definitions and indicators used across different studies, which can complicate valid comparisons.

Common Mistakes: Students often overlook the importance of consistent definitions and indicators in social science research, leading to difficulties in comparing results across different studies.

Explanations: The correct answer is that definitions and indicators can vary, making valid comparisons problematic. This is because different researchers may use different criteria to define and measure social class, leading to inconsistencies in data and making it difficult to compare findings across studies. This variability can undermine the reliability and validity of research findings in social science.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option correctly identifies the issue of variability in definitions and indicators, which can make valid comparisons difficult.
Option B: This option is incorrect because there are reliable indicators of social class, even if they vary.
Option C: This option is incorrect and does not address the operationalization of social class.
Option D: This option is incorrect because operationalizing social class is important for applied empirical research.

1106. Analyzed the social structure of black community in early 20th century

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) W.E.B. Du Bois.

Exam Relevance: AP US History, Sociology exams, African American Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: W.E.B. Du Bois was a prominent sociologist and civil rights activist who conducted significant research on the social structure of the black community in the early 20th century.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse W.E.B. Du Bois with other sociologists of the same era, such as Jane Addams, Max Weber, or Auguste Comte, who focused on different areas of study.

Explanations: W.E.B. Du Bois is known for his pioneering work in sociology, particularly his analysis of the social structure of the black community in the early 20th century. His research, including his famous work "The Philadelphia Negro," provided a detailed examination of the social, economic, and political conditions faced by African Americans. This work laid the foundation for understanding the complexities of race and social stratification in the United States.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Jane Addams was a social reformer and founder of Hull House, but her work did not focus on the social structure of the black community.
Option B: Max Weber was a German sociologist who focused on the impact of Protestantism on the development of capitalism, not on the black community in the United States.
Option C: Auguste Comte was a French philosopher and sociologist who developed the concept of positivism, but his work did not specifically address the social structure of the black community.
Option D: W.E.B. Du Bois conducted extensive research on the social structure of the black community in the early 20th century, making him the correct answer.

1107. Which statement best describes cooperation?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Working together to reach a goal.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Cooperation involves individuals or groups working together to achieve a common objective.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse cooperation with competition, which involves striving against others for limited resources.

Explanations: Cooperation is defined as the act of working together to achieve a shared goal. This aligns with the correct answer, as it emphasizes collaboration and mutual effort towards a common objective.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Competing for limited resources is the opposite of cooperation, as it involves conflict rather than collaboration.
Option B: Working together to reach a goal accurately describes cooperation, as it involves collaboration and shared effort.
Option C: Forming relationships among members is a component of cooperation but does not fully capture the essence of working together towards a common goal.
Option D: Exchanging goods and services is related to trade and commerce, not specifically to cooperation.

1108. According to the differential association theory deviant acts are.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Learned through interaction with others.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Criminology exams, Social Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Differential association theory posits that deviant behavior is learned through interactions with others.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse differential association theory with other theories that attribute deviance to biological or social factors.

Explanations: Differential association theory, developed by Edwin Sutherland, suggests that deviant behavior is learned through interactions with others. This learning process involves not only the techniques of committing the crime but also the motives, rationalizations, and attitudes that support the deviant behavior. The theory emphasizes the role of social interactions and the differential associations an individual has with others who engage in deviant behavior.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is incorrect because differential association theory does not consider deviant acts as normal for antisocial individuals. Instead, it focuses on the learning process of deviance through social interactions.
Option B: This option is incorrect because differential association theory does not attribute deviance to biological factors such as chromosomes. It is a sociological theory that emphasizes social learning.
Option C: This option is correct because differential association theory posits that deviant behavior is learned through interactions with others who engage in deviant acts.
Option D: This option is incorrect because differential association theory does not attribute deviance to social deprivation. It focuses on the social learning process rather than deprivation.

Mnemonic: D.A.T. - Deviance Acquired Through

1109. Different groups compete to achieve their own interests rather than cooperate to benefit all.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Conflict.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The conflict theory posits that different groups in society compete for resources and power, often leading to conflict rather than cooperation.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse conflict theory with functionalism, which emphasizes social stability and cooperation.

Explanations: Conflict theory focuses on the idea that different groups in society compete to achieve their own interests rather than cooperate to benefit all. This perspective highlights the struggle for resources, power, and status among various social groups, leading to conflict rather than harmony.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Functionalism emphasizes social stability and cooperation, which does not align with the idea of competition and conflict.
Option B: Conflict theory correctly describes the competition among groups for their own interests.
Option C: Symbolic Interactionism focuses on the meanings individuals derive from social interactions, not on group competition.
Option D: This option is not applicable as the correct answer is provided.

1110. Which social theorist introduced the idea of the sociological imagination?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Wright Mills.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, GRE Sociology, Sociology undergraduate exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Wright Mills introduced the concept of the sociological imagination in his 1959 book "The Sociological Imagination."

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Wright Mills with other sociologists who have contributed to social theory, such as Peter Berger or Howard Becker.

Explanations: Wright Mills is credited with introducing the sociological imagination, a concept that emphasizes the relationship between individual experiences and larger social structures. This idea is central to understanding how personal troubles can be linked to public issues, and it has become a foundational concept in sociology.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Howard Becker is known for his work on labeling theory and the sociology of deviance, not the sociological imagination.
Option B: Bernard McGrane is not a widely recognized sociologist associated with the sociological imagination.
Option C: Peter Berger is known for his work on the sociology of knowledge and the sacred, but not for introducing the sociological imagination.
Option D: Wright Mills is the correct answer as he introduced the sociological imagination in his influential work.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 111”

Anonymous January 28, 2020
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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 111”

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