sociology MCQ questions answers

1121. Which of the following is with 20 million adherents the largest non-Christian faith in Europe?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Islam.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, IAS, UPSC

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Islam is the largest non-Christian faith in Europe with approximately 20 million adherents.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the number of adherents of different religions or may not be aware of the current demographic trends in Europe.

Explanations: Islam has the largest non-Christian following in Europe, with around 20 million adherents. This makes it the most significant non-Christian religious group in the region. Other religions like Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism have smaller adherent populations in Europe.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Judaism has a smaller number of adherents in Europe compared to Islam.
Option B: Buddhism has a smaller number of adherents in Europe compared to Islam.
Option C: Islam has approximately 20 million adherents in Europe, making it the largest non-Christian faith.
Option D: Hinduism has a smaller number of adherents in Europe compared to Islam.

1122. Cultural racism means that non-white groups are seen as non-British because of their 'failure' to adopt British culture

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Gilroy.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams, Race and Ethnicity exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The concept of cultural racism is associated with the idea that non-white groups are seen as non-British due to their perceived failure to adopt British culture.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the concept of cultural racism with other forms of racism, such as institutional racism or individual racism.

Explanations: Paul Gilroy, a prominent sociologist and cultural theorist, has extensively discussed the concept of cultural racism. He argues that cultural racism is a form of racism that is embedded in cultural norms and values, where non-white groups are seen as inferior or non-British because they do not conform to British cultural standards. This aligns with the statement that non-white groups are seen as non-British due to their 'failure' to adopt British culture.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Hall and Jefferson are known for their work on cultural studies and media analysis, but not specifically for the concept of cultural racism as described.
Option B: Miles is known for his work on race and racism, but his focus is more on institutional racism rather than cultural racism.
Option C: Gilroy is the correct answer as he is known for his work on cultural racism and how it manifests in British society.
Option D: Westergaard's work is more focused on the political economy of race and racism, not specifically on cultural racism.

1123. People reject the means and the goals of society

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Retreatism.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Criminology exams, Social Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Retreatism is a concept in sociology where individuals reject both the means and the goals of society, often retreating into a world of drugs, alcohol, or mental illness.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse retreatism with other forms of deviance, such as ritualism or rebellion, which involve different attitudes towards societal norms.

Explanations: Retreatism involves individuals who withdraw from society and reject both the means and the goals that society provides. This aligns with the description of people rejecting both the means and the goals of society. Retreatists often turn to substances like drugs or alcohol, or they may retreat into a world of mental illness, completely disengaging from societal expectations and norms.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Deviance involves behavior that violates social norms but does not necessarily involve rejection of both means and goals.
Option B: Deterrence is a concept related to preventing crime through punishment, not a form of deviance.
Option C: Ritualism involves adherence to societal norms and rules without belief in the goals, which is the opposite of rejecting both means and goals.
Option D: Retreatism correctly describes individuals who reject both the means and the goals of society, often retreating into a world of drugs, alcohol, or mental illness.

Mnemonic: R-E-T-R-E-A-T: Reject Everything, Turn Retreat

1124. Knowing the workings of a car engine represents which kind of knowledge?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Cognitive.

Exam Relevance: SAT, ACT, AP Psychology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Cognitive knowledge refers to the understanding and awareness of facts, concepts, and principles.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse cognitive knowledge with normative knowledge, which involves understanding what should be done rather than what is known.

Explanations: Understanding the workings of a car engine involves knowing facts, principles, and concepts related to its operation. This type of knowledge is cognitive because it pertains to understanding and awareness of information rather than rules, values, or norms.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Normative knowledge involves understanding what should be done, not what is known about the workings of a car engine.
Option B: Cognitive knowledge involves understanding and awareness of facts, concepts, and principles, which aligns with knowing the workings of a car engine.
Option C: Rule-oriented knowledge involves understanding and following specific rules, which is not the primary focus of knowing the workings of a car engine.
Option D: Value-oriented knowledge involves understanding values and beliefs, which is not relevant to the technical knowledge of a car engine.

Mnemonic: Cognitive = Cognition = Knowing facts and principles

1125. School run by private companies on government funds

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) For-profit schools.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, Civil Service Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: For-profit schools are educational institutions that operate as businesses and aim to generate profit. They can receive government funds but are managed by private companies.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse for-profit schools with charter schools, which are publicly funded but independently operated, or magnet schools, which are public schools with specialized curricula.

Explanations: For-profit schools are run by private companies and aim to generate profit. They can receive government funds, making them the correct answer. Charter schools and magnet schools are both public schools, and compensatory education is a program to help disadvantaged students, not a type of school.

Option Analysis:

Option A: For-profit schools are run by private companies and aim to generate profit while receiving government funds.
Option B: Charter schools are publicly funded but independently operated, not run by private companies for profit.
Option C: Magnet schools are public schools with specialized curricula, not run by private companies for profit.
Option D: Compensatory education is a program to help disadvantaged students, not a type of school run by private companies.

Mnemonic: For-profit: Private Profit, Public Funds

1126. Consider the following Statements: Postindustrial societies have more white collar workers than blue collar workers Virtually anyone can be poor, and poverty is randomly distributed throughout the population of the U.S. Social groups interact regularly with each other. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Only 1, 3.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Postindustrial societies are characterized by a higher proportion of white-collar workers compared to blue-collar workers. Social groups in postindustrial societies often interact regularly due to increased social mobility and diversity. Poverty, however, is not randomly distributed and tends to be influenced by various social and economic factors.

Common Mistakes: Students may incorrectly assume that poverty is randomly distributed in postindustrial societies, overlooking the influence of social and economic factors.

Explanations: Postindustrial societies have a higher proportion of white-collar workers compared to blue-collar workers, which is a defining characteristic. Social groups in these societies interact regularly due to increased social mobility and diversity. However, poverty is not randomly distributed; it is influenced by various social and economic factors, such as education, employment opportunities, and social policies.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because statement 2 is false. Poverty is not randomly distributed in the U.S. and is influenced by various factors.
Option B: Incorrect because statement 2 is false. Poverty is not randomly distributed in the U.S. and is influenced by various factors.
Option C: Incorrect because statement 2 is false. Poverty is not randomly distributed in the U.S. and is influenced by various factors.
Option D: Correct because statements 1 and 3 are true, while statement 2 is false.

1127. Group marriage.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Has never been consistently or extensively practiced.

Exam Relevance: Anthropology exams, Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Group marriage, also known as polyandry or polygyny, involves multiple partners in a marital relationship. However, it is not a widely or consistently practiced form of marriage in human societies.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that group marriage is a common practice in certain cultures, leading to confusion about its prevalence.

Explanations: Group marriage, which involves multiple individuals being married to each other, is not a widely or consistently practiced form of marriage in human societies. While there are some instances of polyandry (multiple husbands) and polygyny (multiple wives) in certain cultures, these are not extensive or consistent practices across societies. Therefore, the correct answer is that group marriage has never been consistently or extensively practiced.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Group marriage is not widespread in several societies.
Option B: Group marriage is not specifically practiced among Australian aborigines.
Option C: Group marriage has not been a consistent feature in Western societies.
Option D: Group marriage has never been consistently or extensively practiced, which is the correct statement.

1128. What type of question would you ask to maximise validity? (accurate and truthful data)

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Open.

Exam Relevance: Psychology exams, Sociology exams, Market Research exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Open-ended questions allow respondents to provide detailed and nuanced answers, which can maximize the validity of the data collected by ensuring accuracy and truthfulness.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that closed or subjective questions are more valid because they are easier to quantify or analyze.

Explanations: Open-ended questions are designed to elicit detailed responses that can provide rich, qualitative data. This type of question allows respondents to express their thoughts and feelings freely, which can lead to more accurate and truthful data. Closed questions, on the other hand, limit responses to predefined options, which may not capture the full range of respondent opinions or experiences. Graded and subjective questions can also introduce bias or limit the depth of the response, reducing the validity of the data.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Closed questions limit responses to predefined options, which may not capture the full range of respondent opinions or experiences.
Option B: Graded questions can introduce bias and limit the depth of the response, reducing the validity of the data.
Option C: Open-ended questions allow respondents to provide detailed and nuanced answers, maximizing the validity of the data collected.
Option D: Subjective questions can introduce bias and limit the depth of the response, reducing the validity of the data.

1129. All of the following are basic American values EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Laziness.

Exam Relevance: AP US History, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Basic American values include concepts like equality, free enterprise, and achievement. Laziness is not considered a core American value.

Common Mistakes: Students might mistakenly think that all listed options are American values without critically evaluating each one.

Explanations: American values emphasize hard work, equality, and the opportunity for personal and economic achievement. Laziness, which implies a lack of effort or productivity, does not align with these core principles.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Laziness is not a core American value as it contradicts the emphasis on hard work and achievement.
Option B: Equality is a fundamental American value, promoting fairness and equal rights for all.
Option C: Free Enterprise is a core American value, emphasizing the freedom to engage in business and economic activities.
Option D: Achievement is a key American value, reflecting the importance placed on personal and professional success.

Mnemonic: EFA - Equality, Free Enterprise, Achievement

1130. All of the following are the Three Major Sociological perspectives presented in Unit 1 EXCEPT .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) The Sociological Perspective.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Introductory Sociology, Social Science Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The three major sociological perspectives are the Conflict Perspective, the Interactionist Perspective, and the Functionalist Perspective. The Sociological Perspective is a broader term that encompasses these three specific perspectives.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the Sociological Perspective with one of the three major perspectives, as it is a more general term that includes all of them.

Explanations: The Sociological Perspective is a broad term that includes the Conflict Perspective, the Interactionist Perspective, and the Functionalist Perspective. Therefore, it is not one of the three specific perspectives listed in the options. The correct answer is (A) The Sociological Perspective.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The Sociological Perspective is the correct answer as it is not one of the three specific perspectives.
Option B: The Conflict Perspective is one of the three major sociological perspectives.
Option C: The Interactionist Perspective is one of the three major sociological perspectives.
Option D: The Functionalist Perspective is one of the three major sociological perspectives.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 113”

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 113”

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