sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

111. A set of two or more people who interact on the basis of shared expectations and who possess some degree of common identity.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Group.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Organizational Behavior exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A group is defined as a set of two or more people who interact on the basis of shared expectations and possess some degree of common identity.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the term "group" with "cooperation" or "competition," which are behaviors that can occur within a group but do not define the group itself.

Explanations: The correct answer is "Group" because it accurately describes a set of individuals who interact based on shared expectations and have a common identity. This definition aligns with the sociological concept of a group, which is a fundamental unit of social structure.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Competition is a behavior that can occur within a group but does not define the group itself.
Option B: Cooperation is another behavior that can occur within a group but does not define the group itself.
Option C: Group is the correct term for a set of individuals who interact based on shared expectations and have a common identity.
Option D: Role refers to the expected behavior of an individual within a group, but it does not define the group itself.

Mnemonic: Gather, Interact, Expect, Identify (GIEI)

112. A country becomes over populated when.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Its resources fail to cope with its requirement.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, Civil Services Exam, UPSC

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Overpopulation is defined by the inability of available resources to meet the needs of the population.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that overpopulation is solely determined by the number of people, rather than the balance between population and resources.

Explanations: Overpopulation occurs when the population size exceeds the carrying capacity of the environment, which is the maximum number of individuals that can be supported by available resources. This means that the resources, such as food, water, and shelter, are insufficient to meet the needs of the population. Therefore, the correct answer is that overpopulation is when resources fail to cope with the population's requirements.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is incorrect because overpopulation is not defined by an arbitrary set limit on population size.
Option B: This option is correct as it accurately describes the condition of overpopulation.
Option C: This option is incorrect because it dismisses the correct definition of overpopulation.
Option D: This option is incorrect because it incorrectly suggests that both options A and B are correct, when only B is accurate.

113. A technique in which the results of virtually all previous studies on a specific subject are evaluated together

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Meta-analysis.

Exam Relevance: PhD Qualifying Exams, Research Methodology Exams, Psychology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Meta-analysis is a statistical technique that combines the results of multiple studies to provide a more comprehensive understanding of a research question.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse meta-analysis with other research methods such as secondary data analysis, which involves re-analyzing existing data sets rather than synthesizing results from multiple studies.

Explanations: Meta-analysis is the correct answer because it involves systematically combining the results of multiple studies to provide a more robust and generalizable conclusion. This technique is particularly useful in fields where there is a need to synthesize a large body of research to draw definitive conclusions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Interpretive framework is a method used in qualitative research to interpret data, not to combine results from multiple studies.
Option B: Participant observation is a qualitative research method where the researcher observes participants in their natural environment, not a method for combining study results.
Option C: Secondary data analysis involves re-analyzing existing data sets, but it does not combine the results of multiple studies.
Option D: Meta-analysis is the correct technique for evaluating the results of virtually all previous studies on a specific subject together.

114. Educational self-fulfilling prophecies.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) May result in student alienation and failure.

Exam Relevance: Educational Psychology, Sociology of Education, Social Psychology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Educational self-fulfilling prophecies occur when teachers' expectations influence students' performance. If teachers expect students to fail, they may treat them in ways that lead to lower performance and disengagement.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that self-fulfilling prophecies only occur when teachers have positive expectations, overlooking the negative impact of low expectations.

Explanations: Educational self-fulfilling prophecies can lead to student alienation and failure because teachers' low expectations can result in less support and encouragement for students. This can create a cycle where students internalize these low expectations, leading to decreased motivation and poorer academic performance.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is incorrect because it suggests that children fail to learn solely because teachers cannot teach, which does not account for the role of teacher expectations in self-fulfilling prophecies.
Option B: This option is incorrect because it implies that self-fulfilling prophecies are unlikely when teachers' assessments are based on stereotypes, which contradicts the concept of self-fulfilling prophecies.
Option C: This option is correct because it accurately describes the potential negative outcomes of educational self-fulfilling prophecies, including student alienation and failure.
Option D: This option is incorrect because it suggests that none of the other options are correct, which is not the case.

115. Who was the profounder of the Patriarchal theory of the state?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Sir Henry Maine.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Legal studies exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Sir Henry Maine is known for his work on the development of legal and social institutions, particularly his theory on the evolution of society from status to contract.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Sir Henry Maine with other social theorists of the same era, such as McLennan or Frazer, who also contributed to the study of social evolution.

Explanations: Sir Henry Maine is credited with the Patriarchal theory of the state, which posits that the family is the earliest form of social organization and that the state evolved from the patriarchal family. This theory is a significant part of his broader work on the evolution of legal and social institutions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Jenkins is not associated with the Patriarchal theory of the state.
Option B: McLennan contributed to the study of social evolution but is not the profounder of the Patriarchal theory of the state.
Option C: Sir Henry Maine is the correct answer as he is known for the Patriarchal theory of the state.
Option D: Frazer is known for his work on magic and religion, not the Patriarchal theory of the state.

116. Most population experts.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Expect population to level off at between 8 and 15 billion people.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, GRE, MCAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Population experts generally predict that global population growth will slow and eventually stabilize due to declining fertility rates in many parts of the world.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that population growth will continue indefinitely or that it will drastically decline.

Explanations: Population experts predict that the global population will level off at between 8 and 15 billion people. This prediction is based on the observation that fertility rates are declining in many countries, which is expected to slow population growth. As countries develop economically, access to education and family planning increases, leading to lower birth rates. This trend is expected to continue, resulting in a stabilization of the global population.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is incorrect because most experts do not expect the growth rate to remain constant. Instead, they predict a decline in growth rate leading to stabilization.
Option B: This option is correct as it aligns with the consensus among population experts that the global population will stabilize at between 8 and 15 billion people.
Option C: This option is incorrect because while some experts may have written off the Malthusian prophecy, the majority still consider population growth and its implications.
Option D: This option is incorrect because the need for a high fertility rate in developing nations is not a consensus among experts. Instead, many experts predict that fertility rates will decline even in these regions.

117. Consider the following Statements: Interaction does not lead to absorption of culture. The sociological perspective allows sociologists to focus on the common behaviors of a group of people, rather than their individual differences. Roles associated with a student might include doing homework, studying for tests, and following school rules. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Only 2, 3.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, LSAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The sociological perspective allows sociologists to focus on common behaviors within a group, and roles associated with a student include doing homework, studying for tests, and following school rules.

Common Mistakes: Students may incorrectly believe that interaction always leads to cultural absorption, which is not necessarily true.

Explanations: The sociological perspective emphasizes the common behaviors and patterns within a group, rather than individual differences. This aligns with statement 2. Statement 3 correctly identifies roles associated with a student, such as doing homework, studying for tests, and following school rules. Statement 1, which claims that interaction does not lead to absorption of culture, is not necessarily true, as interaction can indeed lead to cultural absorption in many cases. Therefore, the correct answer is D, which includes statements 2 and 3.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because statement 1 is not necessarily true.
Option B: Incorrect because statement 1 is not necessarily true.
Option C: Incorrect because statement 1 is not necessarily true.
Option D: Correct because statements 2 and 3 are true.

118. Achieved status correlates to what?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Nurture.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Achieved status refers to the social position that an individual attains through personal effort, education, and experience. This concept is closely tied to the idea of nurture, which emphasizes the role of environmental factors and upbringing in shaping an individual's status.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse achieved status with ascribed status, which is determined by factors such as birth, family background, or inherited traits, rather than personal effort.

Explanations: Achieved status is determined by the efforts and actions of an individual, such as education, work experience, and personal achievements. These factors are influenced by nurture, which includes the environment, upbringing, and experiences that shape an individual's development and social standing. Therefore, achieved status correlates to nurture.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Nature refers to innate or inherited traits, which are not directly related to achieved status.
Option B: Nurture refers to environmental factors and upbringing, which directly influence achieved status.
Option C: Achieved status is specifically linked to nurture, not nature.
Option D: Achieved status is influenced by nurture, so this option is incorrect.

Mnemonic: Nurture Not Nature

119. One source of social change

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Technology.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Technology is a significant driver of social change as it introduces new tools, methods, and systems that alter how societies function.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse technology with other sources of social change, such as ideology or diffusion, which are also important but distinct.

Explanations: Technology drives social change by creating new ways of communication, production, and interaction. Innovations like the internet, smartphones, and artificial intelligence have transformed social structures, economic systems, and cultural norms. These technological advancements lead to new social behaviors, new forms of social organization, and new social problems, thereby causing significant social change.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Diffusion refers to the spread of ideas, behaviors, or technologies from one social group to another, but it is not the primary source of social change itself.
Option B: Self-fulfillment is a personal goal or outcome, not a source of broader social change.
Option C: Technology is a key driver of social change as it introduces new methods and systems that alter societal functions.
Option D: Ideology can influence social change, but it is more about belief systems rather than the direct introduction of new methods or systems.

Mnemonic: Tech drives change, not just spread or belief.

120. All systems of stratification display the following characteristics except.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Segmentation.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Systems of stratification typically involve differentiation, ranking, and institutionalization. Segmentation, however, is not a characteristic of all systems of stratification.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse segmentation with differentiation, as both involve dividing society into distinct groups. However, segmentation specifically refers to the division of society into separate, non-interacting groups, which is not a universal feature of stratification systems.

Explanations: All systems of stratification involve differentiation, where individuals or groups are distinguished based on certain criteria. They also involve ranking, where these differentiated groups are placed in a hierarchical order. Institutionalization refers to the formalization and legitimization of these rankings within societal structures. Segmentation, on the other hand, involves the creation of distinct, non-interacting groups, which is not a universal feature of all stratification systems.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Differentiation is a characteristic of all systems of stratification, as it involves distinguishing individuals or groups based on certain criteria.
Option B: Segmentation is not a characteristic of all systems of stratification, as it involves the creation of distinct, non-interacting groups, which is not a universal feature.
Option C: Ranking is a characteristic of all systems of stratification, as it involves placing differentiated groups in a hierarchical order.
Option D: Institutionalization is a characteristic of all systems of stratification, as it involves the formalization and legitimization of these rankings within societal structures.

⬅ Previous SetSet 12Next Set ➡

3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 12”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

It is the best app in the world …..but sir hindi medium walo ke liye problem hai…..gyan ke mamle me ye ganga ki tarh hai
ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

send me sociology mcq pdf
SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

Please send sociology mcq e book,,,, thank you,,,

3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 12”

Leave a Reply