sociology MCQ questions answers

1201. Consider the following Statements: The sociological Perspective can lead to Sociological imagination. Ethnicity is based on physical traits. Sociological imagination is what Sociologists use to imagine what could happen in the future Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Only 1,.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The sociological perspective can indeed lead to sociological imagination, which is the ability to understand the relationship between individual experiences and larger social forces. Ethnicity, however, is not based solely on physical traits but also on cultural, linguistic, and historical factors. Sociological imagination is not used to imagine the future but to understand the present and past in a social context.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that ethnicity is solely based on physical traits, or that sociological imagination is about predicting the future.

Explanations: The sociological perspective can lead to sociological imagination, which is the ability to understand how individual experiences are shaped by broader social forces. This makes the first statement true. Ethnicity, however, is not based solely on physical traits but also includes cultural, linguistic, and historical factors, making the second statement false. Sociological imagination is not about imagining the future but about understanding the present and past in a social context, making the third statement false. Therefore, only the first statement is true.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct, as only the first statement is true.
Option B: Incorrect, as the third statement is false.
Option C: Incorrect, as the second and third statements are false.
Option D: Incorrect, as the second and third statements are false.

1202. A situation that occurs when fulfilling the expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the expectations of another status.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Role conflict.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Role conflict occurs when the expectations of one status or role interfere with the expectations of another status or role.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse role conflict with role strain, which involves conflicting demands within a single role rather than between different roles.

Explanations: Role conflict arises when fulfilling the expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the expectations of another status. This is distinct from role strain, which involves conflicting demands within a single role. Role conflict is a situation where an individual experiences tension due to the conflicting demands of different roles they occupy.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Role strain involves conflicting demands within a single role, not between different roles.
Option B: Role conflict is the correct term for conflicting demands between different roles.
Option C: Role expectation refers to the anticipated behaviors associated with a role, not the conflict between roles.
Option D: Role of a lifetime is a metaphorical phrase and not a sociological term related to role conflict.

1203. The determinants of fertility were explained in detail by

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Kingsley Davis and Judiath Black.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Demography exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Kingsley Davis and Judith Blake are known for their contributions to the study of fertility determinants in sociology and demography.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the contributions of sociologists and demographers, leading to incorrect attribution of theories and models.

Explanations: Kingsley Davis and Judith Blake developed the theory of the determinants of fertility, which includes factors such as economic conditions, cultural norms, and access to contraception. Their work is foundational in understanding how various social and economic factors influence fertility rates.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Karl Marx is known for his contributions to political economy and social theory, not specifically for fertility determinants.
Option B: Kingsley Davis and Judith Blake are recognized for their work on fertility determinants.
Option C: Double day is not a recognized term in the context of fertility determinants.
Option D: Peter Berger is known for his work in sociology, particularly on secularization and social theory, not specifically on fertility determinants.

1204. Every society has some level of ..... ....., or differing levels of wealth, power, prestige and other resources.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Social inequality.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Social inequality refers to the uneven distribution of resources, wealth, power, and prestige within a society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse social inequality with other sociological concepts such as social mobility or social stratification.

Explanations: Social inequality is the correct term for differing levels of wealth, power, prestige, and other resources within a society. This concept is fundamental in sociology and describes the uneven distribution of resources among individuals or groups.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Social inequality accurately describes the uneven distribution of resources within a society.
Option B: Incorrect. Closed system refers to a system that does not interact with its environment, which is unrelated to the distribution of resources within a society.
Option C: Incorrect. Open system refers to a system that interacts with its environment, which is also unrelated to the distribution of resources within a society.
Option D: Incorrect. None of the above is not applicable since social inequality is the correct term.

1205. What name did Norbert Elias give to the dynamic of competition between social units that eventually gave rise to a nation state?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) The monopoly mechanism.

Exam Relevance: Sociology PhD exams, Political Science exams, Social Theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The monopoly mechanism refers to the process by which a single entity or group gains exclusive control over a particular resource or market, often leading to the formation of a centralized power structure.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the monopoly mechanism with other sociological processes such as the courtization process, which focuses on the development of courtly behavior and manners.

Explanations: Norbert Elias described the monopoly mechanism as the dynamic through which competition between social units leads to the concentration of power and resources in a single entity, ultimately resulting in the formation of a nation state. This process involves the gradual elimination of competing entities and the consolidation of power, which aligns with the concept of a monopoly.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The absolutist mechanism is not the correct term used by Elias for this process.
Option B: The decivilizing process refers to a different sociological concept, not related to the formation of a nation state.
Option C: The monopoly mechanism is the correct term used by Elias to describe the process of competition leading to centralized power.
Option D: The courtization process is related to the development of courtly behavior and manners, not the formation of a nation state.

Mnemonic: Mnemonic: M-M (Monopoly Mechanism) - Monopoly leads to Mechanized power.

1206. In a controlled experiment, the variable that is changed to test the hypothesis is called the -

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Independent Variable.

Exam Relevance: AP Biology, AP Chemistry, IB Science, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: In a controlled experiment, the independent variable is the one that is deliberately changed or manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the independent variable with the dependent variable, which is the variable that is measured or observed in response to changes in the independent variable.

Explanations: The independent variable is the variable that is changed or manipulated by the experimenter to test the hypothesis. It is the cause in the cause-and-effect relationship being studied. The other variables, such as the dependent variable and controlled variables, are observed or kept constant to ensure that the results are due to the changes in the independent variable.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Controlled Variable - This is a variable that is kept constant to ensure that any changes in the dependent variable are due to the independent variable.
Option B: Responsive Variable - This is not a standard term in experimental design. The term "responsive" is not typically used in this context.
Option C: Dependent Variable - This is the variable that is measured or observed in response to changes in the independent variable.
Option D: Independent Variable - This is the variable that is changed or manipulated by the experimenter to test the hypothesis.

1207. In which type of society does the main form of food production involve collecting wild plants and hunting wild animals?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Hunting and gathering.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Geography, SAT Subject Test in World History

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Hunting and gathering societies primarily rely on collecting wild plants and hunting wild animals for their food production.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse hunting and gathering with pastoral societies, which involve raising domesticated animals.

Explanations: Hunting and gathering societies are characterized by the direct procurement of food from the wild. They do not engage in agriculture or animal husbandry, instead relying on foraging and hunting for sustenance. This makes hunting and gathering the correct answer as it directly matches the description of collecting wild plants and hunting wild animals.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct, as hunting and gathering societies directly collect wild plants and hunt wild animals.
Option B: Incorrect, as pastoral societies focus on raising domesticated animals.
Option C: Incorrect, as agricultural societies cultivate crops and domesticate animals.
Option D: Incorrect, as horticultural societies practice small-scale, often shifting cultivation of crops.

1208. General ideas that people share about what is good or bad, desirable or undesirable.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Values.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Social and Cultural Anthropology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Values are general ideas that people share about what is good or bad, desirable or undesirable.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse values with norms, which are specific rules or expectations for behavior.

Explanations: Values are broad, shared beliefs about what is good or bad, desirable or undesirable. They form the foundation of a society's culture and influence individual and collective behavior. Mores, norms, and culture are more specific and do not encompass the broad, shared beliefs about desirability and morality that values do.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Values are the correct answer as they represent shared beliefs about what is good or bad, desirable or undesirable.
Option B: Mores are specific, strongly held norms that have moral significance, but they do not encompass the broader concept of values.
Option C: Norms are specific rules or expectations for behavior, which are more concrete than the general ideas represented by values.
Option D: Culture is the broader set of practices, beliefs, and values shared by a group, but it is not specifically about the shared ideas of what is good or bad.

1209. How would a positivist sociologist carry out research?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Using scientific methods to explain behaviour.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Research Methods exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Positivist sociologists use scientific methods to study society, focusing on objective, measurable data to explain social phenomena.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse positivist methods with interpretivist methods, which focus more on subjective experiences and qualitative data.

Explanations: Positivist sociologists aim to apply scientific methods to the study of society. This involves using empirical evidence, statistical analysis, and other quantitative methods to explain social behavior. The goal is to develop theories and laws that can predict and explain social phenomena in an objective manner.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This is the correct answer as positivist sociologists use scientific methods to explain behavior.
Option B: Asking people about their emotions is more aligned with interpretivist approaches, which focus on subjective experiences.
Option C: Collecting qualitative data is not the primary focus of positivist research, which emphasizes quantitative data and scientific methods.
Option D: Positivist research is not limited to looking at positive aspects of society; it aims to study all aspects of social behavior using scientific methods.

1210. Science aims to be both.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Valid and reliable.

Exam Relevance: GRE, MCAT, DAT, OAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Science aims to be both valid and reliable to ensure that its findings are accurate and consistent.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the terms "valid" and "reliable," thinking they are interchangeable.

Explanations: Science seeks to be valid, meaning its findings accurately reflect the phenomena being studied. Additionally, science aims to be reliable, meaning the results are consistent and reproducible under similar conditions. Therefore, the correct answer is that science aims to be both valid and reliable.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Philosophical and progressive are not the primary goals of science. While science can be philosophical and progressive, these are not the core aims.
Option B: Science does not aim to be complex or against commonsense. It aims to be understandable and based on empirical evidence.
Option C: While science often uses experimental and statistical methods, these are tools rather than the primary aims of science.
Option D: Science aims to be both valid and reliable, ensuring accuracy and consistency in its findings.

Mnemonic: Valid Reliability: Varying Results Indicate Lack of Validity

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 121”

Anonymous January 28, 2020
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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 121”

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