sociology MCQ questions answers

1211. .....- involves examining any material from the past that contain information of sociological interest.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Historical analysis.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, History exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Historical analysis involves examining past materials to understand sociological phenomena.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse historical analysis with content analysis, which focuses on the content of media rather than historical documents.

Explanations: Historical analysis is the process of examining any material from the past that contains information of sociological interest. This includes documents, artifacts, and other sources that provide insights into past societies and social structures. The focus is on understanding the context and significance of these materials within their historical framework.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Content analysis involves the systematic examination of media content, such as text, images, and videos, to identify patterns and themes. It is not specifically focused on historical materials.
Option B: Historical analysis involves examining any material from the past that contains information of sociological interest, making it the correct choice.
Option C: This option is incorrect because only historical analysis fits the description provided.
Option D: This option is incorrect because historical analysis is the correct method for examining past materials.

1212. Which of the following is true about deviance?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Ideas of deviance can change from one social context to another.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Social Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Deviance is a social construct that varies across different cultures and contexts. What is considered deviant in one society may not be in another.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that deviance is a fixed concept that applies universally across all societies.

Explanations: The concept of deviance is relative and context-dependent. Societies define deviance based on their norms, values, and cultural expectations. Therefore, what is considered deviant can change depending on the social context. For example, certain behaviors may be considered deviant in one culture but acceptable in another. This variability underscores the idea that deviance is not a static concept but one that can evolve and differ across different social contexts.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This is incorrect because deviance can have both positive and negative impacts on society, depending on the context and the behavior in question.
Option B: This is incorrect because no society has completely eliminated deviance; it is an inherent part of social life.
Option C: This is incorrect because identifying deviant behavior is not always straightforward and can be subjective.
Option D: This is correct because the definition and perception of deviance can vary significantly across different social contexts.

1213. The creative potential of personality is accounted for by.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Trait psychology.

Exam Relevance: Psychology exams, Personality Psychology exams, Undergraduate Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Trait psychology focuses on identifying and measuring stable personality traits that influence behavior and creativity.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse trait psychology with other psychological approaches that do not focus on stable personality traits.

Explanations: Trait psychology is concerned with the identification and measurement of stable personality traits. These traits are believed to influence an individual's behavior and creative potential. By understanding these traits, psychologists can better account for the creative potential of personality. Other approaches like stimulus-response psychology and drive psychology do not focus on stable personality traits, making them less relevant to explaining creative potential.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Stimulus-response psychology focuses on how external stimuli influence behavior, not on stable personality traits.
Option B: Drive psychology focuses on internal motivations and drives, not on stable personality traits.
Option C: Trait psychology focuses on stable personality traits that can influence creative potential.
Option D: This option is incorrect as trait psychology is the correct answer.

1214. When social norms lose their hold over individual behavior

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Anomie.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Anomie refers to a state of normlessness or a breakdown in social norms, leading to a lack of regulation in individual behavior.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse anomie with other sociological concepts such as social construct or social imagination, which do not directly address the breakdown of social norms.

Explanations: Anomie occurs when social norms lose their hold over individual behavior, leading to a state of normlessness. This concept is specifically related to the breakdown of societal norms and the resulting lack of regulation in individual actions. Sociology and social constructs are broader fields and do not specifically address the breakdown of norms. Social imagination is a different concept related to the ability to understand the social world, not the breakdown of norms.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Sociology is the study of society and social behavior, but it does not specifically address the breakdown of social norms.
Option B: Social construct refers to the idea that certain aspects of society are not natural or inevitable, but are created by humans. It does not directly relate to the breakdown of norms.
Option C: Anomie is the correct term for the state where social norms lose their hold over individual behavior, leading to a lack of regulation.
Option D: Social imagination is the ability to understand the social world, not the breakdown of norms.

Mnemonic: A: Anomie - Norms gone wild

1215. In a patriarchal family the major decisions are taken be the.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) The male head of the family who wields all the powers.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, Sociology Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: In a patriarchal family structure, decision-making authority is typically centralized in the male head of the family.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that in a patriarchal family, decisions are made collectively or by the eldest members, regardless of gender.

Explanations: In a patriarchal family, the male head of the family holds the ultimate authority and makes the major decisions. This reflects the traditional power dynamics where men are seen as the leaders and decision-makers within the family unit.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because in a patriarchal family, decisions are not made by both old men and women.
Option B: Incorrect because the decision-making power is specifically vested in the male head, not the female head.
Option C: Correct because it accurately describes the role of the male head in a patriarchal family structure.
Option D: Incorrect because there is a specific answer that correctly describes the decision-making process in a patriarchal family.

Mnemonic: Patriarchal = Power in Patriarch

1216. Which sociologist studied the impacts of urbanization and industrialization - and was considered a progressive for starting the Hull House?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Addams.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, History exams, Women's Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Jane Addams was a sociologist who studied the impacts of urbanization and industrialization. She is also known for founding Hull House, which was a pioneering settlement house in Chicago.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Jane Addams with other sociologists of the same era, such as Harriet Martineau or Herbert Spencer, who also contributed to sociological thought.

Explanations: Jane Addams is the correct answer because she was a sociologist who studied the social impacts of urbanization and industrialization. She founded Hull House in Chicago, which was a settlement house aimed at improving the lives of the urban poor. This work made her a progressive figure in the field of sociology.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Martineau was an early sociologist but is not known for founding Hull House or studying the impacts of urbanization and industrialization in the same context as Addams.
Option B: Spencer was a sociologist who developed social Darwinism but did not found Hull House or focus on the impacts of urbanization and industrialization in the same way as Addams.
Option C: Addams is the correct answer as she studied the impacts of urbanization and industrialization and founded Hull House, making her a progressive figure in sociology.
Option D: Comte is known as the "father of sociology" but did not found Hull House or study the impacts of urbanization and industrialization in the same context as Addams.

Mnemonic: Hull House Heroine: Jane Addams

1217. Breaking social norms as a lifestyle or identity.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Secondary Deviance.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Criminology exams, Social Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Secondary deviance refers to the process where an individual adopts deviant behavior as a result of being labeled as deviant by society. This can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy where the individual internalizes the deviant label and continues to engage in deviant behavior.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse secondary deviance with primary deviance, which is the initial act of deviance that does not lead to a deviant identity.

Explanations: Secondary deviance occurs when an individual's behavior is influenced by the social reaction to their initial deviance. This social reaction can lead to a deviant identity, where the individual continues to engage in deviant behavior as a response to the societal labeling. Thus, breaking social norms as a lifestyle or identity aligns with the concept of secondary deviance.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Primary deviance refers to the initial act of deviance that does not lead to a deviant identity, which does not fit the context of breaking social norms as a lifestyle.
Option B: Secondary deviance involves the internalization of a deviant identity due to societal labeling, which aligns with the concept of breaking social norms as a lifestyle or identity.
Option C: White-collar crime refers to non-violent crimes committed by individuals in the course of their occupation, which is unrelated to the concept of breaking social norms as a lifestyle.
Option D: Social sanctions are penalties or rewards used to enforce conformity to norms, which do not directly relate to the internalization of a deviant identity.

1218. Because this paradigm assumes a society is functional and stable, it deals with change very poorly.....it can't explain why change occurs and may interpret bad things as good because of its skewed perspective.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Shortcomings of Structural Functionalism.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Structural Functionalism is a sociological theory that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. It assumes that society is functional and stable, which makes it difficult to explain change.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the shortcomings of Structural Functionalism with those of other sociological theories, such as Symbolic Interactionism or Conflict Theory.

Explanations: Structural Functionalism assumes that society is stable and functional, which makes it difficult to explain change. This paradigm interprets society as a system where each part contributes to the stability and functionality of the whole. However, this perspective struggles to account for social change and may interpret negative phenomena as positive due to its focus on maintaining stability. Therefore, the shortcomings described in the question align with the limitations of Structural Functionalism.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Symbolic Interactionism focuses on the meanings individuals derive from social interactions and does not primarily deal with societal stability or change in the same way as Structural Functionalism.
Option B: Conflict Theory emphasizes the role of conflict and power struggles in society, which is different from the stability-focused perspective of Structural Functionalism.
Option C: Structural Functionalism assumes society is stable and functional, making it difficult to explain change and interpret negative phenomena.
Option D: The shortcomings described are specific to Structural Functionalism and do not apply to all sociological theories.

1219. Which of the following are those groups or individuals who will suffer from a particular form of social change?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Vested interests.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Political Science exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Vested interests are groups or individuals who have a significant stake in maintaining the status quo and may suffer from social change that disrupts their existing advantages or benefits.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse vested interests with other groups like developing nations or postmodernists, who do not necessarily have a direct stake in resisting social change.

Explanations: Vested interests are those who have a direct stake in the current system and may lose out if social change occurs. These groups or individuals often resist change because it threatens their existing advantages or benefits. The other options, such as developing nations and postmodernists, do not specifically refer to those who suffer from social change.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Developing nations are not necessarily those who suffer from social change; they may benefit from it.
Option B: Postmodernists are a philosophical group and not specifically those who suffer from social change.
Option C: Vested interests are those who have a stake in the current system and may suffer from social change.
Option D: This option is incorrect as one of the other options is correct.

1220. Which of the following institutions are found in every society?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Marriage/Family, Religion, Education, Government, Economy.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Social and Cultural Anthropology, Sociology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Institutions are organized structures that are essential for the functioning of a society. The correct answer includes institutions that are universally present in all societies.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that media or legal systems are universally present, but these are not as fundamental as the institutions listed in the correct answer.

Explanations: Marriage/Family, Religion, Education, Government, and Economy are institutions that are found in every society. Marriage/Family is a fundamental social unit. Religion provides a framework for beliefs and values. Education is essential for transmitting knowledge and skills. Government is necessary for maintaining order and providing public services. Economy is crucial for the production and distribution of goods and services. These institutions are universally present because they address basic human needs and societal functions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. These institutions are universally present in every society.
Option B: Incorrect. Legal System is not as universally present as Education.
Option C: Incorrect. Media is not as universally present as Education.
Option D: Incorrect. Legal System is not as universally present as Education.

Mnemonic: MREGE: Marriage/Family, Religion, Education, Government, Economy.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 122”

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 122”

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