sociology MCQ questions answers

1221. Recent events vividly demonstrate that nationalism is.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) The source of wars and atrocities.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, GMAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Nationalism often leads to conflicts and violence when it emphasizes the superiority of one's own nation over others, leading to tensions and wars.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that nationalism is a positive force that unites people and promotes peace.

Explanations: Nationalism can lead to wars and atrocities because it often fosters a sense of superiority and exclusivity, which can result in conflicts with other nations or groups. This has been evident in historical and recent events where nationalist sentiments have fueled tensions and led to violent confrontations.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Nationalism is not dead; it remains a potent force in many countries.
Option B: Nationalism has historically been a source of wars and atrocities, as it can lead to aggressive and exclusionary policies.
Option C: Nationalism is not merely a quaint reminder; it continues to influence contemporary political cultures and conflicts.
Option D: Nationalism is not typically seen as a bastion of freedom and world peace; it often leads to conflict and division.

Mnemonic: Nations in conflict, not in harmony.

1222. A design of living and refer to ways of life are called

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Culture.

Exam Relevance: Anthropology exams, Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that the members of a society use to cope with their world and with one another, and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse culture with religion, which is a specific set of beliefs and practices related to the divine or sacred, rather than a broader way of life.

Explanations: Culture encompasses the design of living and ways of life, including customs, traditions, and social norms. It is a comprehensive term that includes various aspects of human behavior and societal organization, making it the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Culture is the correct answer as it encompasses the design of living and ways of life.
Option B: Symbol refers to a sign or representation of something else, not a way of life.
Option C: Hegemony refers to the dominance of one group over others, not a way of life.
Option D: Religion is a specific set of beliefs and practices related to the divine or sacred, not a broader way of life.

1223. A change upward or downward in occupational status or social class

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Vertical mobility.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Work exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Vertical mobility refers to changes in social status or occupational level within a social hierarchy.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse vertical mobility with horizontal mobility, which involves changes within the same social class or occupational level.

Explanations: Vertical mobility involves a change in social status or occupational level, either upward or downward. This concept is distinct from horizontal mobility, which involves movement within the same social class or occupational level. The term "vertical" indicates a change in the hierarchy, reflecting a shift in social or economic status.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Horizontal mobility refers to changes within the same social class or occupational level, not upward or downward movement.
Option B: Vertical mobility correctly describes changes in social status or occupational level, either upward or downward.
Option C: Social mobility is a broader term that includes both vertical and horizontal mobility, but does not specifically denote upward or downward movement.
Option D: Intergenerational mobility refers to changes in social status or occupational level between generations, not within an individual's lifetime.

Mnemonic: Vertical: Up or Down, not Side to Side

1224. Buying a Rolex watch could be a sign of .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Conspicuous consumption.

Exam Relevance: Microeconomics, Consumer Behavior, Marketing

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Conspicuous consumption refers to the purchase of goods and services for the purpose of displaying wealth and status.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse conspicuous consumption with other forms of consumption, such as hi-so consumption, which is a colloquial term and not a formal economic concept.

Explanations: Buying a Rolex watch is often seen as a sign of conspicuous consumption because it is a luxury item that is highly visible and serves as a symbol of wealth and status. This aligns with the concept of conspicuous consumption, which involves spending money on goods and services to display wealth and social status.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Being cocky is not a formal economic concept and does not directly relate to the purchase of luxury items as a display of wealth.
Option B: Being successful is a subjective term and does not specifically address the act of purchasing luxury items to display wealth.
Option C: Hi-so consumption is a colloquial term and not a formal economic concept, making it less precise than conspicuous consumption.
Option D: Conspicuous consumption is the correct term for the act of purchasing luxury items to display wealth and status.

1225. If a janitor got a job as a security guard because it was closer to home he would be experiencing.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Horizontal mobility.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Horizontal mobility refers to a change in occupation or job that does not significantly alter the social status or economic position of the individual.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse horizontal mobility with vertical mobility, which involves a change in social status or economic position.

Explanations: The janitor moving to a security guard position is a change in occupation but does not necessarily imply a change in social status or economic position. Therefore, this scenario exemplifies horizontal mobility.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. The change in job is horizontal as it does not significantly alter the social status or economic position.
Option B: Incorrect. Vertical mobility involves a change in social status or economic position, which is not indicated in the scenario.
Option C: Incorrect. Intragenerational mobility refers to changes in social status within a person's lifetime, which is not the focus here.
Option D: Incorrect. Interstructural mobility involves movement between different social structures, which is not applicable in this scenario.

Mnemonic: Horizontal: Same level, different role.

1226. According to the functionalist perspective, which of the following is a functional requisite that a society must meet in order to survive?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Producing and distributing goods and services.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The functionalist perspective emphasizes the interdependence of social institutions and their roles in maintaining social stability and order. One of the key functional requisites for a society is the production and distribution of goods and services, which ensures the basic needs of its members are met.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the functionalist perspective with other sociological theories, such as conflict theory, which focuses more on the distribution of power and resources rather than the maintenance of social order.

Explanations: The functionalist perspective posits that society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. Producing and distributing goods and services is a fundamental function that ensures the survival and well-being of a society. Without this function, a society would not be able to meet the basic needs of its members, leading to instability and potential collapse.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Safeguarding wealth and privilege is more aligned with conflict theory, which focuses on the distribution of power and resources among different social classes.
Option B: Fostering changes in the social structure is not a primary focus of functionalism, which emphasizes stability and equilibrium.
Option C: Producing and distributing goods and services is a core functional requisite in functionalist theory, as it ensures the basic needs of society are met.
Option D: Maintaining mechanical solidarity is a concept associated with Emile Durkheim's early work on social solidarity, not a functional requisite in functionalist theory.

1227. The Nation of Islam group appealed to.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) African-Americans who felt excluded from the ethnic melting pot in the USA.

Exam Relevance: AP US History, SAT Subject Tests, High School History Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The Nation of Islam appealed to African-Americans who felt marginalized and excluded from the broader American society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the Nation of Islam's appeal with other minority groups or religious converts.

Explanations: The Nation of Islam was founded to address the social and economic challenges faced by African-Americans. It provided a sense of community and identity for those who felt excluded from the broader American society, often referred to as the "ethnic melting pot." The group emphasized self-reliance, racial pride, and the need for a separate black nation, which resonated with African-Americans who felt marginalized.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The Nation of Islam did not primarily appeal to British-born second generation immigrants from the Asian subcontinent.
Option B: The Nation of Islam did not focus on converting White Americans to Islam.
Option C: The Nation of Islam appealed to African-Americans who felt excluded from the broader American society.
Option D: The Nation of Islam did not specifically target African-Caribbeans with a distinctive youth culture.

Mnemonic: NAI: Not Asian, Integrated

1228. He studied the the social structure of African American communities.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) WEB DuBois.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, African American studies exams, History exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: WEB DuBois was a prominent sociologist and civil rights activist who extensively studied the social structure of African American communities.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse WEB DuBois with other sociologists who also studied social structures, such as Max Weber or Auguste Comte.

Explanations: WEB DuBois is known for his pioneering work in sociology, particularly his studies on the social structure of African American communities. His research and writings, such as "The Philadelphia Negro" and his involvement in the Niagara Movement, focused on the social, economic, and political conditions of African Americans. This makes him the correct choice for the given statement.

Option Analysis:

Option A: WEB DuBois is correct as he studied the social structure of African American communities.
Option B: Max Weber focused on the sociology of religion and bureaucracy, not specifically on African American communities.
Option C: Auguste Comte is known for founding positivism and the scientific method in sociology, not for studying African American communities.
Option D: Herbert Spencer is known for social Darwinism and evolutionary theory, not for studying African American communities.

1229. Which of the following would be an example of a random sample?A researcher.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) None of the above.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, GRE, GMAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A random sample is one where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. The options provided do not meet this criterion.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse systematic sampling (selecting every nth item) with random sampling. Systematic sampling does not ensure that every individual has an equal chance of being selected.

Explanations: A random sample requires that each member of the population has an equal and independent chance of being selected. In options A, B, and C, the selection process is systematic (every fifth, twentieth, or tenth), which does not guarantee randomness. Therefore, none of the options represent a true random sample.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This is an example of systematic sampling, not random sampling.
Option B: This is also systematic sampling, not random sampling.
Option C: This is systematic sampling, not random sampling.
Option D: This is the correct answer as none of the above options describe a random sample.

1230. The group whose value, norms, traditions, and outlooks are imposed on the society as a whole.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Dominant culture.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The dominant culture is the group whose values, norms, traditions, and outlooks are imposed on the society as a whole.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the dominant culture with ethnocentrism, which is the belief in the superiority of one's own culture.

Explanations: The dominant culture is the group that holds the most power and influence in a society. This group's values, norms, traditions, and outlooks are often seen as the standard and are imposed on the rest of the society. This makes the dominant culture the correct answer as it aligns with the definition provided in the question.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Dominant culture is the correct answer as it refers to the group whose values, norms, traditions, and outlooks are imposed on the society as a whole.
Option B: Ethnocentrism is the belief in the superiority of one's own culture, which does not fit the description in the question.
Option C: Folkways are norms that are not strictly enforced, and do not align with the concept of a group imposing its values on society.
Option D: Laws are formal rules of conduct, not the values, norms, traditions, and outlooks of a group.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 123”

Anonymous January 28, 2020
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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 123”

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