sociology MCQ questions answers

1251. What code is this sentence? Wider vocab based on longer grammatically more complex sentences that can communicate abstract ideas? Choose 2 answers

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Only (A) & (B).

Exam Relevance: GRE, TOEFL, IELTS

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The question pertains to the characteristics of language development, specifically focusing on the features of more advanced language use.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the terms "context-free" and "context-bound" or misinterpret the role of elaborative language in communication.

Explanations: Wider vocabulary and longer, more complex sentences that can communicate abstract ideas are indicative of both context-free and elaborative language. Context-free language refers to the ability to use language independently of the immediate context, while elaborative language involves the use of more complex and detailed expressions to convey abstract concepts. Therefore, both (A) and (B) are correct.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Context-free language is correct as it involves the ability to use language independently of the immediate context, which aligns with the description of wider vocabulary and more complex sentences.
Option B: Elaborative language is correct as it involves the use of more complex and detailed expressions to convey abstract concepts, which also aligns with the description.
Option C: Context-bound language is incorrect as it refers to language that is dependent on the immediate context, which does not align with the description of wider vocabulary and more complex sentences.
Option D: This option correctly identifies that both (A) and (B) are correct.

1252. What perspective identifies how the structures of society functions and focuses on stability, harmony and evolution

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Structural-Functionalism.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Structural-Functionalism is a sociological perspective that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Structural-Functionalism with Conflict Theory, which focuses more on inequality and conflict rather than stability and harmony.

Explanations: Structural-Functionalism focuses on how the structures of society function to maintain stability, harmony, and evolution. It views society as a system with interconnected parts that work together to maintain social order. This perspective emphasizes the importance of social institutions and their roles in maintaining social equilibrium.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Inclusionism is not a recognized sociological perspective and does not focus on stability, harmony, or evolution.
Option B: Neo-Marxism is a variant of Marxism that focuses on class conflict and economic inequality, not on stability and harmony.
Option C: Feminism is a perspective that focuses on gender inequality and the role of gender in society, not on the stability and harmony of social structures.
Option D: Structural-Functionalism is the correct answer as it focuses on how the structures of society function to maintain stability, harmony, and evolution.

Mnemonic: SFS: Stability, Function, Solidarity

1253. What is Postmodernism?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) The belief that every human being should decide what is true for themselves.

Exam Relevance: Philosophy exams, Cultural Studies exams, Humanities exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Postmodernism is a philosophical and cultural movement that challenges the idea of universal truths and emphasizes the subjective nature of reality.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse postmodernism with existentialism, which focuses more on individual freedom and responsibility.

Explanations: Postmodernism questions the existence of objective reality and universal truths, advocating instead for the idea that truth is relative and constructed by individuals. This aligns with the belief that every human being should decide what is true for themselves, making option A the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Postmodernism emphasizes the subjective nature of truth and reality.
Option B: Incorrect. This describes a belief in personal agency, not postmodernism.
Option C: Incorrect. This describes existentialism, which questions existence but believes in universal truths.
Option D: Incorrect. The correct answer is provided in option A.

1254. Which of the following preindustrial societies is a society in which food is obtained primarily by raising and taking care of animals?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Pastoral.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Geography, SAT Subject Test in World History

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Pastoral societies are characterized by the raising and taking care of animals for food and other resources.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse pastoral societies with agricultural societies, which focus on crop cultivation rather than animal husbandry.

Explanations: Pastoral societies primarily rely on the raising and care of animals for their food and other resources. This distinguishes them from other preindustrial societies such as hunting and gathering, horticultural, and agricultural societies, which focus on different methods of food production.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Hunting and gathering societies obtain food by hunting wild animals and gathering plants, not by raising animals.
Option B: Pastoral societies obtain food primarily by raising and taking care of animals.
Option C: Horticultural societies obtain food by cultivating plants, not by raising animals.
Option D: Agricultural societies obtain food by cultivating crops, not by raising animals.

Mnemonic: Pastoral: "Pasture" for "Pastoral" - think of animals grazing in pastures.

1255. Taking on norms and values of the group you plan to be in is known as:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Anticipatory Socialization.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Anticipatory socialization refers to the process of learning and adopting the norms and values of a group or role one plans to join in the future.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse anticipatory socialization with other forms of socialization, such as resocialization or primary socialization.

Explanations: Anticipatory socialization involves preparing for a future role by adopting the norms and values of that role or group. This process is distinct from other forms of socialization, such as primary socialization, which occurs during early childhood, or resocialization, which involves changing established norms and values. The correct answer, anticipatory socialization, accurately describes the process of taking on norms and values of a group one plans to be a part of in the future.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Class Socialization refers to the socialization that occurs within a specific social class, not the anticipation of future roles.
Option B: Race Socialization involves the process of learning the norms and values associated with one's racial group, not the anticipation of future roles.
Option C: Anticipatory Socialization is the correct term for preparing for a future role by adopting the norms and values of that role or group.
Option D: Preparatory Socialization is not a standard term in sociology and does not accurately describe the process of taking on norms and values of a future group.

Mnemonic: A: Anticipate, Adopt, Aspire

1256. Neocolonialism is defined as the

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries.

Exam Relevance: AP World History, International Relations Exams, Political Science Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Neocolonialism refers to the continued economic, political, and social influence of former colonial powers over their former colonies.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse neocolonialism with traditional colonialism, which involves direct political control, or with military invasions.

Explanations: Neocolonialism is characterized by the ongoing economic and political dependence of former colonies on foreign countries, often former colonial powers. This dependence can manifest through economic policies, trade agreements, and other forms of influence that maintain a form of control without direct political rule. The other options describe different forms of control or influence but do not specifically capture the essence of neocolonialism.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This describes traditional colonialism, where direct political control is maintained over a territory.
Option B: This correctly defines neocolonialism as the continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries.
Option C: This describes military invasions, which are a different form of foreign intervention and not neocolonialism.
Option D: This is incorrect because not all of the options are correct definitions of neocolonialism.

1257. Harriet Martineau : Feminist Theory

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) She believed women's lack of economic power helped keep them dependent.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Women's Studies exams, Political Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Harriet Martineau was a 19th-century British social theorist and feminist who argued that women's economic dependence on men was a key factor in their subordination.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Harriet Martineau's economic theories with other feminist theorists who focused more on political or social rights.

Explanations: Harriet Martineau emphasized the importance of economic independence for women. She believed that without economic power, women remained dependent on men, which perpetuated their subordination in society. This economic perspective was a central part of her feminist theory.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option describes the scientific method, which is not related to Harriet Martineau's feminist theory.
Option B: This option correctly identifies Martineau's belief that women's lack of economic power contributed to their dependence on men.
Option C: This option describes public policy, which is not directly related to Martineau's feminist theory.
Option D: This option describes sociology, which is a broader field and not specific to Martineau's feminist theory.

1258. Snowballing is an example of.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Non-probability sampling.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, GRE, MCAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Snowball sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where existing study subjects recruit future subjects from among their acquaintances.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse snowball sampling with probability sampling methods, which require each member of the population to have a known, non-zero chance of being selected.

Explanations: Snowball sampling is a non-probability sampling method because it relies on referrals from initial subjects to recruit additional participants. This method is particularly useful when studying hard-to-reach populations. Since the selection of participants is not random and depends on the initial subjects' networks, it does not provide a representative sample of the population, which is a characteristic of non-probability sampling.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Probability sampling involves random selection, which is not the case in snowball sampling.
Option B: Snowball sampling is a non-probability sampling method because it relies on referrals and does not ensure each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
Option C: Cluster sampling involves dividing the population into clusters and randomly selecting entire clusters, which is not the process used in snowball sampling.
Option D: This option is unrelated to sampling methods and is a distractor.

Mnemonic: SNA - Snowball Not Accurate (for probability)

1259. An important characteristic of a minority is that

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) It is dominated by the majority.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Social and Cultural Anthropology, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A minority group is characterized by its smaller size and often subordinate position relative to the majority group in a society.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that a minority group must be defined by race or that members of a minority group do not have a sense of identity.

Explanations: A minority group is typically defined by its smaller size and often subordinate position within a larger society. This subordination can manifest in various forms, such as political, economic, or social disadvantages. The correct answer highlights the characteristic of being dominated by the majority, which is a key feature of a minority group.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This is incorrect because a minority group does not have to be defined solely by race. It can include other factors such as ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation.
Option B: This is correct because a minority group is often dominated by the majority in terms of power, resources, and social status.
Option C: This is incorrect because members of a minority group often have a strong sense of identity and community.
Option D: This is incorrect because membership in a minority group is not always a choice; it can be determined by factors beyond an individual's control.

1260. Exchange, Competition, Conflict, Cooperation, and Accommodation are the 5 main forms of.....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Social Interaction.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, GRE Psychology, Sociology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Social Interaction refers to the ways in which individuals or groups engage with one another. The five main forms of social interaction—Exchange, Competition, Conflict, Cooperation, and Accommodation—are fundamental concepts in sociology and social psychology.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse these forms of social interaction with social structures, hierarchies, or status, which are related but distinct concepts.

Explanations: Exchange, Competition, Conflict, Cooperation, and Accommodation are the five main forms of social interaction. These forms describe the different ways individuals or groups interact with each other in social settings. Exchange involves the mutual benefit of resources or services. Competition occurs when individuals or groups vie for limited resources. Conflict arises when there is a clash of interests or goals. Cooperation involves working together towards a common goal. Accommodation refers to adjusting behaviors to maintain social harmony. These forms are not related to social structure, hierarchy, or status, which are broader concepts describing the organization and stratification of society.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Social Structure refers to the way society is organized, including institutions and patterns of social relationships. It is not a form of social interaction.
Option B: Social Hierarchy refers to the ranking of individuals or groups within a society. It is not a form of social interaction.
Option C: Social Status refers to the position or rank of an individual within a social hierarchy. It is not a form of social interaction.
Option D: Social Interaction refers to the ways individuals or groups engage with one another, including the five forms mentioned.

Mnemonic: ECCCA: Exchange, Competition, Conflict, Cooperation, Accommodation

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 126”

Anonymous January 28, 2020
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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 126”

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