sociology MCQ questions answers

1401. Which of these is not a reason why the rate of urban growth is larger in developing countries?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Living in closely connected settlements is a social feature common in developing countries.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, GMAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The question asks for a reason that is not a cause of larger urban growth rates in developing countries. The correct answer is the one that does not directly contribute to urban growth.

Common Mistakes: Students might confuse social features with direct causes of urban growth, leading to incorrect selection.

Explanations: Living in closely connected settlements is a social feature common in developing countries, but it does not directly cause urban growth. Higher fertility rates, greater job opportunities, and difficulties in reverse migration are all direct contributors to urban growth in developing countries.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This is a social feature, not a direct cause of urban growth.
Option B: Higher fertility rates contribute to urban growth.
Option C: Job opportunities encourage migration to cities, contributing to urban growth.
Option D: Difficulties in reverse migration can lead to sustained urban growth.

1402. Emotions are socially constructed and presented sociologists looks at feeling rules that are found in specific situations and

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Expectations.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Feeling rules are societal norms that dictate how individuals should express emotions in specific situations. Sociologists study these rules to understand how emotions are socially constructed and presented.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse feeling rules with non-verbal communication or social actions, which are related but distinct concepts.

Explanations: Feeling rules are expectations about how emotions should be expressed in certain social contexts. Sociologists analyze these expectations to understand the social construction of emotions. Expectations guide individuals on how to display emotions appropriately, making them central to the study of socially constructed emotions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Hope is not directly related to the concept of feeling rules in sociology.
Option B: Social actions are behaviors performed by individuals, but they do not specifically address the expectations of emotional expression.
Option C: Expectations are the correct answer as they refer to the societal norms that dictate emotional expression in specific situations.
Option D: Non-verbal communication is a method of expressing emotions but does not encompass the societal expectations that feeling rules entail.

Mnemonic: Feelings Follow Expectations

1403. Questions a person is to answer in his/her own words

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Open ended questions.

Exam Relevance: SAT, ACT, AP Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Open ended questions require detailed, personalized responses that cannot be answered with a simple yes or no, or a single word.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse open ended questions with multiple choice questions, which have predefined answer options.

Explanations: Open ended questions are designed to elicit detailed responses that reflect the individual's thoughts, opinions, and experiences. They do not have a single correct answer and require the respondent to provide a comprehensive answer in their own words.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Open ended questions require detailed, personalized responses.
Option B: Incorrect. Closed ended questions have limited responses, often yes/no or a selection from a few options.
Option C: Incorrect. Multiple choice questions provide predefined options to choose from.
Option D: Incorrect. True/false questions have only two possible answers.

1404. Which of the following is the 'research process' preferred by interpretivists

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Grounded theory.

Exam Relevance: PhD Qualifying Exams, Sociology Exams, Anthropology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Grounded theory is a research methodology that involves collecting and analyzing data to develop theories that are grounded in the data itself. This approach is favored by interpretivists because it allows for a flexible and iterative process that can capture the complexities and nuances of social phenomena.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse grounded theory with other qualitative methods like ethnography, which also involves detailed observation but focuses more on cultural context and participant observation.

Explanations: Grounded theory is the preferred research process for interpretivists because it emphasizes the iterative and inductive nature of data collection and analysis. This method allows researchers to develop theories that emerge from the data, rather than testing preconceived hypotheses. It aligns with the interpretivist approach, which values understanding the subjective meanings and experiences of participants.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The hypothetico-deductive model is a scientific method that involves formulating hypotheses and testing them through experiments, which is more aligned with positivist research rather than interpretivist research.
Option B: Ethnography is a qualitative research method that involves detailed observation and immersion in a particular culture or social setting, but it does not necessarily involve the iterative theory development process that grounded theory emphasizes.
Option C: Grounded theory is the correct answer because it is an inductive research process that allows for the development of theories based on the data collected, which aligns with the interpretivist approach.
Option D: Trial and error is a method of problem-solving that involves trying different solutions until one works, which is not a structured research process and is not typically used in interpretivist research.

1405. Term that refers to rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Sanctions.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Social Psychology exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Sanctions are measures used to enforce conformity to norms, including both rewards and punishments.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse sanctions with corrections, which are more specific to legal or judicial processes.

Explanations: Sanctions are the term used to describe both positive (rewards) and negative (punishments) measures that are used to enforce conformity to social norms. This makes them the correct term for the question.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Corrections refer to actions taken to correct behavior, often in a legal context, and do not encompass both rewards and punishments.
Option B: Sanctions are the correct term for both rewards and punishments used to enforce conformity to norms.
Option C: Social controls are broader mechanisms that include sanctions but are not specific to rewards and punishments.
Option D: Anomies refer to a state of normlessness or a breakdown of social norms, not the measures used to enforce them.

Mnemonic: S - Sanctions: Satisfy social norms.

1406. Eyeballing is a technique that involves.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Scanning a table to identify general patterns and significant figures.

Exam Relevance: Statistics exams, Data Science exams, Research Methodology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Eyeballing is a technique used to quickly scan data or visual information to identify trends, patterns, and significant figures without performing detailed analysis.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse eyeballing with other data analysis techniques such as skimming or detailed reading, which do not focus on identifying patterns and significant figures.

Explanations: Eyeballing involves scanning a table or dataset to quickly identify general patterns and significant figures. This technique is useful for getting a quick overview of the data and spotting trends without the need for detailed analysis. It is particularly effective in identifying outliers, trends, and key data points that stand out.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This describes skimming a text, not eyeballing data.
Option B: This describes a method of gathering a sample, not eyeballing data.
Option C: This correctly describes the technique of eyeballing, which involves scanning a table to identify general patterns and significant figures.
Option D: This describes a method of observation in research, not eyeballing data.

1407. Social Darwinism is to Herbert Spencer as Ideal type is to

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Weber.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Undergraduate Sociology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Max Weber introduced the concept of the ideal type as a methodological tool in social science research. The ideal type is a conceptual model used to analyze and understand social phenomena by creating an exaggerated, simplified version of reality.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the ideal type with other sociological concepts such as social facts or functionalism, which are associated with different sociologists.

Explanations: Herbert Spencer is associated with Social Darwinism, a theory that applies the concept of natural selection to human societies. Similarly, Max Weber is known for the concept of the ideal type, a methodological tool used in sociological research. Therefore, the correct answer is Weber.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Weber introduced the concept of the ideal type.
Option B: Incorrect. Durkheim is known for social facts and functionalism, not the ideal type.
Option C: Incorrect. Comte is associated with positivism and the law of three stages, not the ideal type.
Option D: Incorrect. Marx is known for historical materialism and class struggle, not the ideal type.

1408. Older people living in housing for the elderly workers in an offshore oil rig rodeo cowboys and circus performers-all are examples of what sociologists refer to as.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Subcultures.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Subcultures are groups within a larger culture that have their own distinct norms, values, and behaviors. They often develop around shared interests, occupations, or lifestyles.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse subcultures with countercultures, which are groups that actively reject the values of the dominant culture.

Explanations: Older people living in housing for the elderly, workers in an offshore oil rig, rodeo cowboys, and circus performers all share distinct norms, values, and behaviors that set them apart from the broader culture. These groups are examples of subcultures because they have their own unique cultural practices and identities within the larger society.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Subcultures are groups within a larger culture that have their own distinct norms, values, and behaviors.
Option B: Incorrect. Countercultures actively reject the values of the dominant culture, which is not the case for the examples given.
Option C: Incorrect. Cultural universals are traits or behaviors that are found in all human cultures, not specific to subgroups.
Option D: Incorrect. Argot refers to a specialized language used by a particular group, not the group itself.

Mnemonic: S - Subcultures, Special groups within a culture.

1409. Recording, Publishing, and live performance is called

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Music industry.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, SAT, MCAT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The music industry encompasses all aspects of creating, recording, publishing, and performing music.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the music industry with broadcasting, which primarily involves the transmission of audio and video content.

Explanations: The music industry includes activities such as recording music in studios, publishing music through record labels, and performing music live. These activities are all integral parts of the music industry, making it the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Print media refers to the production and distribution of printed materials, not music-related activities.
Option B: Broadcasting involves the transmission of audio and video content, which is not the same as the comprehensive activities of the music industry.
Option C: The music industry includes recording, publishing, and live performance, making it the correct answer.
Option D: Advertising is the promotion of products or services, unrelated to the core activities of the music industry.

Mnemonic: RPL: Recording, Publishing, Live

1410. In Muslim society Jihad means

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Struggle.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, IELTS

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Jihad in Muslim society primarily refers to the struggle or effort to live a righteous life according to Islamic principles.

Common Mistakes: Students often misunderstand Jihad as solely referring to holy war, which is a narrow interpretation.

Explanations: Jihad is a broad concept in Islam that encompasses various forms of struggle, including personal, spiritual, and social efforts to adhere to Islamic teachings. While it can include physical struggle, the primary meaning is the internal and external effort to uphold and promote Islamic values.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Sacrifices can be part of Jihad but do not encompass the full meaning.
Option B: Struggle is the correct interpretation of Jihad, encompassing various forms of effort and striving.
Option C: Prayer is an important aspect of Islamic practice but is not the primary meaning of Jihad.
Option D: While all options may be related to Islamic practices, the primary meaning of Jihad is struggle.

Mnemonic: J-I-D-D-A-H: Just Internal and Direct Devout Actions, Hard

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 141”

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 141”

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