sociology MCQ questions answers

1481. Who is the theorist of the The Looking Glass Theory?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Charles Horton Cooley.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The Looking Glass Theory, also known as the Looking-Glass Self, is a sociological concept that explains how individuals develop their self-concept based on how they believe others perceive them.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Charles Horton Cooley with George Herbert Mead, who also contributed to the development of symbolic interactionism but did not specifically formulate the Looking Glass Theory.

Explanations: Charles Horton Cooley developed the Looking Glass Theory, which posits that individuals form their self-concept through the perceptions and reactions of others. This theory emphasizes the role of social interaction in shaping one's self-image.

Option Analysis:

Option A: George Herbert Mead is known for his contributions to symbolic interactionism but not for the Looking Glass Theory.
Option B: Charles Horton Cooley is the correct answer as he is the theorist of the Looking Glass Theory.
Option C: W.E.B. Du Bois is known for his work on race and social inequality, not for the Looking Glass Theory.
Option D: Emile Durkheim is known for his work on social solidarity and the division of labor, not for the Looking Glass Theory.

1482. Close friends who have known each other since childhood would be an example of a(n)

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Primary group.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Psychology, High School Social Studies

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Primary groups are characterized by close, personal, and long-term relationships, such as those between family members or close friends.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse primary groups with secondary groups, which are more formal and less personal.

Explanations: Close friends who have known each other since childhood fit the definition of a primary group because these relationships are characterized by deep emotional bonds, frequent interaction, and a high level of intimacy. This type of group is typically small and involves face-to-face interaction, which aligns with the characteristics of a primary group.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Close friends who have known each other since childhood exemplify a primary group due to the close, personal, and long-term nature of their relationship.
Option B: Incorrect. Secondary groups are more formal and impersonal, such as work colleagues or club members.
Option C: Incorrect. An out-group refers to a group to which an individual does not belong and is not relevant to the context of close friends.
Option D: Incorrect. A formal organization is a structured group with specific roles and goals, such as a corporation or government agency, which does not fit the context of close friends.

1483. Sociologist who stressed the importance of consensus in a society

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Émile Durkheim.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Undergraduate Sociology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Émile Durkheim emphasized the importance of social consensus and cohesion in maintaining social order.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Durkheim with other sociologists like Max Weber or Karl Marx, who focused on different aspects of society.

Explanations: Émile Durkheim stressed the importance of consensus in society, particularly through his concept of social solidarity. He argued that shared values and beliefs are crucial for social cohesion and stability. Durkheim's work on the division of labor in society and his analysis of suicide further illustrate his focus on the role of consensus in maintaining social order.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Max Weber focused on rationalization and the role of ideas in shaping society, not consensus.
Option B: Karl Marx emphasized class conflict and economic determinism, not consensus.
Option C: Émile Durkheim's work centered on social cohesion and consensus.
Option D: This option is incorrect as Durkheim is the correct answer.

Mnemonic: Durkheim's D: D for Durkheim, D for consensus and cohesion.

1484. Commitment to the full development of one's personality, talents, and potential.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Self-fulfillment.

Exam Relevance: Psychology exams, Sociology exams, Philosophy exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Self-fulfillment refers to the pursuit of personal growth and the realization of one's full potential.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse self-fulfillment with narcissism, which is an excessive interest in oneself.

Explanations: Self-fulfillment is the commitment to developing one's personality, talents, and potential. It involves a continuous process of self-improvement and achieving personal goals. This aligns with the given definition, making it the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Narcissism is characterized by an excessive interest in oneself and a lack of empathy for others, which does not align with the concept of full development and potential realization.
Option B: Values are principles or standards of behavior; they do not specifically refer to the development of one's potential.
Option C: Mores are social norms or customs that are widely accepted within a society; they do not pertain to personal development or potential.
Option D: Self-fulfillment is the pursuit of personal growth and the realization of one's full potential, which matches the given definition.

1485. Societies when people learned they could grow and harvest certain plants instead of gathering them.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Horticultural.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Geography, SAT Subject Test in World History

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Horticulture refers to the cultivation of plants for food, medicinal purposes, and ornamental use. It involves the practice of growing and harvesting plants in a controlled environment.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse horticulture with agriculture, which involves large-scale farming and cultivation of crops.

Explanations: Societies that learned to grow and harvest certain plants instead of gathering them are classified as horticultural. This is because horticulture specifically involves the cultivation and care of plants in a more controlled and deliberate manner, as opposed to simply gathering wild plants. Horticulture is a step beyond foraging and is characterized by the intentional planting and nurturing of plants for food and other uses.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Horticulture involves the cultivation and care of plants in a controlled environment.
Option B: Incorrect. Agriculture typically refers to large-scale farming and cultivation of crops, not the smaller-scale cultivation of plants.
Option C: Incorrect. Industrial societies are characterized by the use of machinery and technology in production, not the cultivation of plants.
Option D: Incorrect. Pastoral societies are based on the raising of livestock, not the cultivation of plants.

Mnemonic: Horticulture: "Home-grown" cultivation.

1486. WHICH TEENS DECIDE THE TRENDS?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) INFLUENCERS.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Influencers are individuals who have a significant impact on the opinions and behaviors of others within a specific group or community. In the context of teen trends, influencers are those who set and popularize trends among their peers.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse influencers with other groups like the edge crowd or conformers, who do not typically set trends but rather follow or resist them.

Explanations: Influencers are the teens who decide trends because they have a strong influence over their peers. They are often trendsetters and their actions and choices are closely followed by others, leading to the spread of new trends within the teen community.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Edge Crowd refers to teens who are on the fringes of social groups and may not have the same level of influence as influencers.
Option B: Passives are teens who do not actively participate in setting or following trends, so they are not the ones deciding trends.
Option C: Influencers are the correct choice as they have the power to shape and spread trends among their peers.
Option D: Conformers are teens who follow trends set by others and do not typically initiate new trends.

Mnemonic: Think "Influencers Influence" to remember that influencers are the trendsetters.

1487. Societies practice social control to maintain .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Social order.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Social control refers to the ways in which societies maintain social order and conformity to norms and rules.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse social control with formal sanctions, which are specific penalties or rewards for behavior, rather than the broader concept of maintaining social order.

Explanations: Societies practice social control to maintain social order. Social order is the condition of a society in which the members of the society follow the established norms, rules, and laws. Social control mechanisms, such as laws, customs, and social norms, are used to ensure that individuals behave in ways that are acceptable to the society. This helps to prevent chaos and maintain a stable and predictable social environment.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Formal sanctions are specific penalties or rewards for behavior, not the broader concept of maintaining social order.
Option B: Social order is the correct answer as it refers to the condition of a society where norms and rules are followed, which is the goal of social control.
Option C: Cultural deviance refers to behavior that deviates from cultural norms, which is not the goal of social control.
Option D: Labeling theory is a sociological theory that explains how deviant behavior is socially constructed, not the goal of social control.

Mnemonic: SOC: Social Order Control

1488. An intensive study of an individual or a small group is made by using the following research method.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Case study.

Exam Relevance: Psychology exams, Sociology exams, Research Methods exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A case study is a research method that involves an in-depth examination of an individual or a small group.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse a case study with a longitudinal study, which involves repeated observations over a period of time.

Explanations: A case study is the correct answer because it involves an intensive and detailed examination of an individual or a small group. This method allows researchers to gather comprehensive data and insights that may not be possible with other research methods. The other options do not fit the description of an intensive study of an individual or a small group.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. A case study involves an in-depth examination of an individual or a small group.
Option B: Incorrect. A cross-sectional sample involves data collected at a single point in time from a population.
Option C: Incorrect. A longitudinal sample involves repeated observations over a period of time.
Option D: Incorrect. An experiment involves manipulating variables to establish cause-and-effect relationships.

1489. Discrimination that is an outgrowth of the structure of society

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Institutionalized discrimination.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Work exams, Political Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Institutionalized discrimination refers to the systemic and structural ways in which discrimination is embedded within societal institutions, policies, and practices.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse institutionalized discrimination with individual acts of discrimination, which are more overt and personal.

Explanations: Institutionalized discrimination is embedded within the structure of society, affecting policies, practices, and institutions. It is not just individual acts but a systemic issue that perpetuates inequality. This makes it distinct from other forms of discrimination, such as racism or legal discrimination, which may be more overt or personal.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Racism is a form of discrimination based on race, but it does not necessarily imply systemic or structural issues.
Option B: Legal discrimination refers to laws and policies that explicitly discriminate, but it does not encompass the broader structural issues.
Option C: Discrimination is a broad term that includes various forms of unfair treatment, but it does not specifically refer to the systemic nature of institutionalized discrimination.
Option D: Institutionalized discrimination is the correct answer as it refers to the systemic and structural ways in which discrimination is embedded within societal institutions, policies, and practices.

1490. A group of soccer teams has been playing in the same league for five years and frequently gets together socially, where the primary topic of conversation is professional soccer. This is an example of

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (Choice C) A sport subculture.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Social and Cultural Anthropology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A subculture is a group of people within a larger culture who share a specific set of values, norms, and behaviors. In this case, the soccer teams form a subculture centered around their shared interest in professional soccer.

Common Mistakes: Students might confuse this with social mobility, thinking the frequent social gatherings indicate a change in social status.

Explanations: The group of soccer teams has been playing in the same league for five years and frequently meets socially to discuss professional soccer. This shared interest and regular interaction form a distinct subculture within the broader culture, centered around soccer. The term "sport subculture" accurately describes this phenomenon.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Stacking refers to the arrangement of items in a specific order, which is not relevant to the context of the question.
Option B: Enforcing typically refers to the implementation of rules or regulations, which does not apply to the social gatherings of soccer teams.
Option C: A sport subculture accurately describes a group of people with a shared interest in a particular sport, fitting the scenario described.
Option D: Social mobility refers to changes in social status, which is not the focus of the question.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 149”

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 149”

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