sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

201. A university that serves as a meeting ground for people seeking marital partners is performing.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) A latent function.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A latent function is an unintended and often unrecognized consequence of a social pattern or institution.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse latent functions with manifest functions, which are intended and recognized consequences.

Explanations: The university's role as a meeting ground for potential marital partners is an unintended consequence. This aligns with the definition of a latent function, which refers to unintended and often unrecognized outcomes of an institution or social pattern.

Option Analysis:

Option A: A manifest function is an intended and recognized consequence, which does not apply here.
Option B: A latent function is an unintended and often unrecognized consequence, which fits the scenario.
Option C: A dysfunction is a negative consequence, which is not indicated in the scenario.
Option D: A manifest dysfunction is an intended negative consequence, which does not apply here.

Mnemonic: Latent = Hidden, Unseen

202. The status of physician can be a(n) ..... if everyone, no matter the setting, seeks health-related advice from that person.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Master status.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Psychology exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Master status is a status that overshadows all other statuses a person may hold, dominating how others perceive and interact with that individual.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse master status with achieved status, thinking that the physician status is only due to the individual's achievements rather than its overarching influence in social interactions.

Explanations: The status of a physician can be considered a master status because it is a defining characteristic that often takes precedence over other aspects of a person's identity. In various settings, people tend to seek health-related advice from a physician, indicating that the physician's status dominates social interactions and perceptions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Ascribed status refers to a status assigned at birth or early life, such as race or gender, which does not fit the context of a physician's status.
Option B: Achieved status is a status obtained through personal effort, such as education or career, but it does not necessarily overshadow all other statuses.
Option C: Master status is the correct choice because it describes a status that dominates all other statuses and influences how others perceive and interact with the individual.
Option D: Status set refers to a collection of statuses held by an individual, which does not capture the overarching influence of a physician's status.

Mnemonic: Physician, Priority, Perception

203. Which of the founding fathers used "conflict theory" to explain his beliefs on sociological issues?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Marx.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Political Science exams, Social Theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Karl Marx is known for his conflict theory, which explains social issues through the lens of class struggle and economic disparities.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Karl Marx with other sociologists like Durkheim or Comte, who have different theoretical approaches.

Explanations: Karl Marx's conflict theory posits that society is divided into different classes, and the conflict between these classes drives social change. This theory is central to Marx's sociological thought and is used to explain various sociological issues such as inequality, power dynamics, and social stratification.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Comte is known for positivism, not conflict theory.
Option B: Marx is the correct answer as he developed the conflict theory.
Option C: Durkheim focused on functionalism and social solidarity, not conflict theory.
Option D: Plato is a philosopher, not a sociologist, and did not develop conflict theory.

204. Maturation for humans involves.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Physical development.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, High School Biology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Maturation in humans involves the process of growing and developing physically from infancy to adulthood.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse maturation with socialization or learning, which are also important aspects of human development but are not the primary focus of maturation.

Explanations: Maturation specifically refers to the biological and physical changes that occur as a person grows from infancy to adulthood. This includes growth in height, weight, and the development of various bodily systems. While socialization and learning to be responsible are important aspects of human development, they are not the primary focus of maturation.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Socialization is an important aspect of human development but is not the primary focus of maturation.
Option B: The development of instincts is not a primary focus of maturation in humans.
Option C: Physical development is the correct answer as it encompasses the biological and physical changes that occur during maturation.
Option D: Learning to be responsible is an important aspect of human development but is not the primary focus of maturation.

205. Which of the following suggested that the punishments established within a culture help to define acceptable behaviour and thus contribute to stability?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Emile Durkheim.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Criminology exams, Social Theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Emile Durkheim's theory of social solidarity suggests that punishments help define acceptable behavior and contribute to social stability.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Durkheim's theory with other sociological theories that also discuss the role of punishment in society.

Explanations: Emile Durkheim argued that social norms and the enforcement of these norms through punishment help maintain social order and cohesion. By establishing clear boundaries of acceptable behavior, punishments contribute to the stability of a culture. This aligns with his broader theory of social solidarity, which posits that shared values and norms are essential for social integration.

Option Analysis:

Option A: William Chambliss is known for his work on the labeling theory and the differential treatment of deviance, not for the role of punishment in defining acceptable behavior.
Option B: Emile Durkheim's theory of social solidarity includes the idea that punishments help define acceptable behavior and contribute to social stability.
Option C: Richard Quinney is associated with critical criminology and the idea that crime is a result of social and economic inequalities, not specifically the role of punishment in defining behavior.
Option D: Stanley Milgram is known for his experiments on obedience to authority, not for theories on the role of punishment in defining acceptable behavior.

Mnemonic: Durkheim's D: Define, Discipline, Stability

206. Social life is organized and structured through.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) All of the above.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Social Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Social life is structured through various mechanisms including rules and regulations, group situations and individual positions, and patterns of actions.

Common Mistakes: Students may overlook the comprehensive nature of social organization and focus on only one aspect, such as rules and regulations, missing the broader picture.

Explanations: Social life is organized and structured through multiple interconnected mechanisms. Rules and regulations provide a framework for behavior and interaction. Group situations and the positions of individuals within these groups define roles and relationships. Patterns of actions reflect the repeated behaviors and interactions that shape social norms and practices. Therefore, all these elements together contribute to the organization and structure of social life.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Rules and regulations are indeed a part of social organization, but they are not the only factor.
Option B: Group situations and the positions of individuals are also crucial, but they alone do not encompass the full scope of social organization.
Option C: Patterns of actions are significant, but they are not the sole mechanism for social organization.
Option D: This option correctly identifies that all the listed factors contribute to the organization and structure of social life.

207. From among the following who believed in Social Darwinism?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Evolutionists.

Exam Relevance: Anthropology Exams, Sociology Exams, History Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Social Darwinism is a theory that applies the concept of "survival of the fittest" to human societies, suggesting that certain groups are naturally superior and destined to dominate others. Evolutionists, who study the process of evolution, often align with this perspective as they believe in the natural selection and adaptation of species.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Social Darwinism with other sociological theories or mistakenly believe that all evolutionary theorists support Social Darwinism.

Explanations: Evolutionists, who study the process of evolution, often align with Social Darwinism because they believe in the concept of natural selection and the survival of the fittest. This belief in the natural superiority of certain groups aligns with the principles of Social Darwinism. Diffusionists and Functionalists do not necessarily adhere to the principles of Social Darwinism, as their theories focus on the spread of cultural traits and the functions of social institutions, respectively.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Diffusionists study the spread of cultural traits and do not necessarily support Social Darwinism.
Option B: Evolutionists study the process of evolution and often align with Social Darwinism.
Option C: Functionalists focus on the functions of social institutions and do not necessarily support Social Darwinism.
Option D: Not all of the above groups support Social Darwinism.

Mnemonic: Evo-Darwin, Fit to Survive

208. Which of the following sociologists is credited with its founding?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Auguste Comte.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Auguste Comte is credited with founding sociology as a distinct academic discipline.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Auguste Comte with other early sociologists like Herbert Spencer or Karl Marx, who also made significant contributions to the field.

Explanations: Auguste Comte is recognized as the founder of sociology due to his systematic approach to studying society and his development of positivism, a philosophical theory that emphasizes empirical evidence. He coined the term "sociology" and laid the groundwork for the scientific study of society.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Auguste Comte is the correct answer as he is widely recognized as the founder of sociology.
Option B: Herbert Spencer made significant contributions to sociology but is not considered its founder.
Option C: Harriet Martineau was an early sociologist and translator of Comte's works but is not credited as the founder of sociology.
Option D: Karl Marx is a prominent sociologist known for his theories on class struggle and capitalism but is not considered the founder of sociology.

209. The Superego of Freud's theory is similar to Mead's.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Generalized other.

Exam Relevance: Psychology exams, Sociology exams, Personality theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The Superego in Freud's psychoanalytic theory represents the internalized moral standards and ideals of an individual. Similarly, Mead's concept of the "Generalized other" refers to the internalized norms and expectations of society that guide an individual's behavior.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the Superego with the "Me" in Mead's theory, which is the organized set of attitudes of others that the individual assumes.

Explanations: The Superego in Freud's theory is the part of the personality that incorporates the moral standards and ideals we acquire from both parents and society. It functions as a moral compass, guiding behavior towards what is considered right and wrong. In Mead's social behaviorism, the "Generalized other" is the internalized set of societal norms and expectations that an individual uses to guide their actions. Both concepts involve internalized societal standards that influence behavior, making the "Generalized other" the most similar to the Superego.

Option Analysis:

Option A: "L" is not a recognized term in either Freud's or Mead's theories.
Option B: "Me" in Mead's theory refers to the organized set of attitudes of others that the individual assumes, not the internalized moral standards.
Option C: "Generalized other" is the internalized societal norms and expectations, similar to the Superego's role in Freud's theory.
Option D: "Libido" is Freud's term for sexual energy, not related to the Superego or Mead's concepts.

Mnemonic: S-GO: Superego-Generalized Other

210. According to Max Weber, the empathetic understanding of the meaning others attach to their actions is called:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Verstehen.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Verstehen is a German term used by sociologist Max Weber to describe the empathetic understanding of the meaning individuals attach to their actions.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Verstehen with other sociological concepts such as positivism or functionalism, which are different methodological approaches.

Explanations: Max Weber introduced the concept of Verstehen to emphasize the importance of understanding social actions from the perspective of the individuals involved. This approach is crucial in sociology for interpreting the subjective meanings and motivations behind human behavior. Verstehen is not about predicting or explaining behavior through empirical data, but rather about grasping the subjective meanings that individuals attribute to their actions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Verstehen is the correct term for empathetic understanding in Weber's sociological methodology.
Option B: Functionalism is a different sociological perspective that focuses on how social institutions contribute to the stability of society.
Option C: Positivism is a research approach that emphasizes empirical data and objective measurement, contrasting with Verstehen.
Option D: Anomie refers to a state of normlessness or a breakdown of social norms, which is unrelated to the concept of empathetic understanding.

Mnemonic: V-E-R-S-T-E-H-E-N: Very Empathetic Research, Sociologists Try Empathetic Human Engagement Now

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 21”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 21”

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