sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

231. Which of the following is not necessary when determining a causal relationship between two variables

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) The research must be based on entire populations, not just representative samples.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, GRE, GMAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: To establish a causal relationship, it is necessary to show correlation, consider all other possible factors, and ensure the change in the independent variable precedes the change in the dependent variable. However, it is not necessary to study the entire population; representative samples can be sufficient.

Common Mistakes: Students often mistakenly believe that studying an entire population is necessary to establish causality, when in fact, representative samples can provide valid insights.

Explanations: Causal relationships can be determined using representative samples because they can accurately reflect the characteristics of the entire population. Studying an entire population is not a requirement for establishing causality. The key aspects are correlation, temporal precedence, and controlling for other factors.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correlation is necessary to suggest a potential causal relationship.
Option B: Controlling for other factors is essential to isolate the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
Option C: Studying the entire population is not necessary; representative samples can be used to establish causality.
Option D: Temporal precedence is crucial to establish causality, as the cause must occur before the effect.

232. Which of the following factors is MOST likely to reduce the prevalence of male underachievement on the Caribbean?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Gender resocialization.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, SAT II Psychology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Gender resocialization involves changing societal norms and expectations related to gender roles. This can lead to a reduction in male underachievement by altering the traditional expectations placed on males.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that increasing family income levels or employment opportunities would have the most significant impact on reducing male underachievement.

Explanations: Gender resocialization can reduce the prevalence of male underachievement by challenging and changing traditional gender roles and expectations. This process can lead to a more equitable educational environment where males are not constrained by societal norms that may discourage academic success. By promoting gender equality and encouraging males to pursue academic excellence, gender resocialization can help reduce underachievement.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Gender resocialization can challenge traditional gender roles and expectations, leading to a reduction in male underachievement.
Option B: Increasing family income levels may improve access to resources but does not directly address the underlying gender norms that contribute to male underachievement.
Option C: Increasing economic responsibility may not directly impact educational outcomes and could potentially exacerbate traditional gender roles.
Option D: Greater employment opportunities may provide more options for males but does not address the root causes of underachievement related to gender norms.

233. The wearing of a wedding ring is an example of which sociological perspective?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Symbolic Interaction.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Symbolic interactionism focuses on how individuals interpret and give meaning to symbols, including social practices like wearing a wedding ring.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse symbolic interactionism with functionalism, which focuses on the functions of social institutions rather than individual meanings.

Explanations: Symbolic interactionism examines how individuals interpret and give meaning to symbols and social practices. Wearing a wedding ring is a symbolic act that represents commitment and marital status. This aligns with the symbolic interactionist perspective, which emphasizes the role of symbols and meanings in social interactions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Functionalism focuses on the functions of social institutions and how they contribute to the stability of society, not on individual meanings or symbols.
Option B: Positivism is a research approach that emphasizes empirical evidence and scientific methods, not the interpretation of symbols.
Option C: Conflict theory focuses on power struggles and inequalities within society, not on the meanings individuals give to symbols.
Option D: Symbolic interactionism is concerned with how individuals interpret and give meaning to symbols and social practices, such as wearing a wedding ring.

Mnemonic: Ring = Relationship, Representation, Ritual

234. Cooking, games, and clothing are examples of .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Cultural universals.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Geography, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Cultural universals are elements that are found in all human cultures, such as cooking, games, and clothing.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse cultural universals with material culture, which specifically refers to physical objects and artifacts.

Explanations: Cooking, games, and clothing are examples of cultural universals because they are present in every human society. These elements are fundamental aspects of human culture that transcend specific cultural boundaries and are found universally across different societies.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Cultural universals are elements found in all human cultures.
Option B: Incorrect. Symbolic culture refers to non-physical aspects like language and beliefs, not the specific examples given.
Option C: Incorrect. Cultural beliefs are specific to certain cultures and not universal.
Option D: Incorrect. Material culture refers to physical objects and artifacts, not the broader cultural practices like cooking and games.

235. Great civilizations of world developed in.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Lowlands of great river basins.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, SAT, AP World History

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Great civilizations often developed in lowlands of great river basins due to fertile soil and reliable water sources.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe mountainous areas or deserts were primary locations for early civilizations.

Explanations: Civilizations developed in lowlands of great river basins because these areas provided fertile soil for agriculture and a reliable water supply for irrigation and drinking. The Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, Indus, and Yellow River basins are examples where early civilizations thrived due to these conditions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Mountainous areas are less likely to support large-scale agriculture due to steep terrain and limited arable land.
Option B: Great deserts lack the necessary water resources and fertile soil required for sustained agricultural development.
Option C: Lowlands of great river basins provided the necessary conditions for early civilizations to flourish.
Option D: This option is incorrect as the correct answer is provided in option C.

Mnemonic: Rivers Nourish Civilizations (RNC)

236. In sociology an old adage states that heart of bureaucracy is not people but paper work is called

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Formal written communications.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Management exams, Public Administration exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In sociology, bureaucracy is characterized by formal written communications, which emphasize the importance of paperwork and documentation over personal relationships.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the concept of impersonality with formal written communications, as both are aspects of bureaucracy but serve different functions.

Explanations: The heart of bureaucracy is often said to be formal written communications because it underscores the reliance on paperwork and documentation. This formalization ensures consistency, accountability, and standardization within organizational processes. While hierarchy of offices and impersonality are also characteristics of bureaucracy, the adage specifically highlights the centrality of paperwork.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Formal written communications are the core of bureaucracy, emphasizing the importance of paperwork.
Option B: Incorrect. Hierarchy of offices is a characteristic of bureaucracy but not the heart of it.
Option C: Incorrect. Impersonality is another characteristic but not the central focus of the adage.
Option D: Incorrect. While all options are characteristics of bureaucracy, the adage specifically refers to formal written communications.

237. Select the correct alternative about Habermas' reconstruction of Marxism: i. Purposive rational action instead of superstructure ii. Symbolic interaction instead of superstructure iii. Societal modes of self-reflection instead of class consciousness iv. Class competition instead of class conflict Select the correct alternative:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) I, ii, iii.

Exam Relevance: PhD Comprehensive Exams, MA Final Exams, Political Theory Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Jürgen Habermas' reconstruction of Marxism involves replacing traditional Marxist concepts with new ones that focus on communication and rationality.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Habermas' concepts with traditional Marxist ideas, leading to incorrect selection of options.

Explanations: Habermas' reconstruction of Marxism involves replacing the concept of superstructure with purposive rational action and symbolic interaction. He also introduces societal modes of self-reflection as a replacement for class consciousness. Class competition is not a concept introduced by Habermas in his reconstruction, so it is not included in the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct, as it includes the concepts of purposive rational action, symbolic interaction, and societal modes of self-reflection.
Option B: Incorrect, as it includes class competition instead of societal modes of self-reflection.
Option C: Incorrect, as it includes class competition instead of purposive rational action and symbolic interaction.
Option D: Incorrect, as it includes class competition instead of societal modes of self-reflection.

238. The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, GRE Psychology, MCAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon describes the psychological tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse this phenomenon with other compliance strategies, such as the Door-in-the-Face technique, which involves making a large request first and then a smaller one.

Explanations: The Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon is a compliance strategy where individuals are more likely to agree to a larger request after first agreeing to a smaller one. This is because the initial agreement creates a sense of consistency and commitment, making it more likely that the individual will comply with subsequent, larger requests. The phenomenon is rooted in social psychology and is often used in marketing and persuasion techniques.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Toe-in-the-Door Phenomenon is not a recognized psychological term.
Option B: Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon is the correct term for the described psychological tendency.
Option C: Head-in-the-Door Phenomenon is not a recognized psychological term.
Option D: Leg-in-the-Door Phenomenon is not a recognized psychological term.

Mnemonic: Foot-in-the-Door: First small step, then big leap.

239. This type of segregation takes places because of laws

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) De Jure Segregation.

Exam Relevance: AP US History, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: De Jure Segregation refers to segregation that is enforced by law.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse De Jure Segregation with De Facto Segregation, which occurs without legal enforcement but due to social and economic factors.

Explanations: De Jure Segregation is the correct answer because it specifically refers to segregation that is mandated by laws. This type of segregation is legally enforced, making it distinct from De Facto Segregation, which occurs due to social and economic factors rather than legal mandates.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. De Jure Segregation is enforced by laws.
Option B: Incorrect. De Facto Segregation is not enforced by laws but occurs due to social and economic factors.
Option C: Incorrect. Only De Jure Segregation is enforced by laws.
Option D: Incorrect. De Jure Segregation is enforced by laws, so this option is not correct.

240. Belief system is concerned only with

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) All aspects of social life.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Belief systems encompass a wide range of beliefs and values that influence various aspects of social life, including religion, politics, and culture.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that belief systems are limited to religious or cultural contexts, overlooking their broader influence on social life.

Explanations: Belief systems are comprehensive frameworks that guide individuals' thoughts, behaviors, and interactions within society. They extend beyond religion, politics, or culture alone and influence all aspects of social life. This includes personal values, social norms, and collective behaviors. Therefore, the correct answer is that belief systems are concerned with all aspects of social life.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect, as belief systems are not limited to religion alone.
Option B: Incorrect, as belief systems are not limited to politics alone.
Option C: Incorrect, as belief systems are not limited to culture alone.
Option D: Correct, as belief systems encompass all aspects of social life.

⬅ Previous SetSet 24Next Set ➡

3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 24”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

It is the best app in the world …..but sir hindi medium walo ke liye problem hai…..gyan ke mamle me ye ganga ki tarh hai
ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

send me sociology mcq pdf
SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

Please send sociology mcq e book,,,, thank you,,,

3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 24”

Leave a Reply