sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

291. A ..... is a long-term, deeply ingrained pattern of socially unacceptable behavior that is harmful to the person who displays it and to others.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Personality disorder.

Exam Relevance: Psychology exams, Clinical Psychology exams, Abnormal Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A personality disorder is a long-term, deeply ingrained pattern of behavior that is socially unacceptable and harmful to the individual and others.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse personality disorders with other psychological conditions such as narcissism or ethnocentrism, which do not fully capture the long-term and deeply ingrained nature of the behavior.

Explanations: Personality disorders are characterized by enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture. These patterns are inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations. They lead to significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The term "personality disorder" accurately describes a long-term, deeply ingrained pattern of socially unacceptable behavior that is harmful to the person and others.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Folkway refers to a minor social norm, not a long-term pattern of harmful behavior.
Option B: Personality disorder is the correct term for a long-term, deeply ingrained pattern of socially unacceptable behavior that is harmful to the person and others.
Option C: Narcissism is a specific type of personality disorder, but the question asks for a broader term that encompasses all such patterns.
Option D: Ethnocentrism is a belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group, not a pattern of harmful behavior.

292. The five pivotal institutions are.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) The economy government religion family and education.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The five pivotal institutions are foundational elements in sociological and anthropological studies, representing key areas that shape society and individual lives.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the order or mix up the institutions, particularly mistaking the military for a pivotal institution.

Explanations: The five pivotal institutions are the economy, government, religion, family, and education. These institutions are considered pivotal because they play a critical role in the functioning and development of society. The economy provides the means of production and distribution of goods and services. The government establishes and enforces laws and policies. Religion offers a framework for moral and spiritual guidance. The family is the primary unit for socialization and emotional support. Education provides knowledge and skills necessary for personal and societal development.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because medicine is not one of the five pivotal institutions.
Option B: Incorrect because the military is not one of the five pivotal institutions.
Option C: Incorrect because the military is not one of the five pivotal institutions.
Option D: Correct because it lists the five pivotal institutions accurately.

Mnemonic: EGRFE: Economy, Government, Religion, Family, Education

293. What is behaviour towards a group or individual which treats them differently from other groups or individuals called?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Discrimination.

Exam Relevance: SAT, ACT, AP Psychology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Discrimination refers to the act of treating individuals or groups differently based on certain characteristics, such as race, gender, or ethnicity.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse discrimination with prejudice, which is a preconceived opinion or feeling, not the action of treating someone differently.

Explanations: Discrimination is the behavior or action of treating individuals or groups differently based on certain characteristics. It involves actual actions or behaviors that result in unequal treatment. Prejudice, on the other hand, is a preconceived opinion or feeling, not the action itself. Racism is a specific form of discrimination based on race. Projection is a psychological concept where one attributes their own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Prejudice is a preconceived opinion or feeling, not the action of treating someone differently.
Option B: Discrimination is the correct term for treating individuals or groups differently based on certain characteristics.
Option C: Racism is a specific form of discrimination based on race, not the general term for unequal treatment.
Option D: Projection is a psychological concept, not related to unequal treatment of individuals or groups.

294. Which type of research aims to describe a social situation, social event, social system, social structure etc.?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Descriptive research.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Research Methods exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Descriptive research aims to describe a social situation, event, system, or structure as it exists, without attempting to explain why it occurs.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse descriptive research with explanatory research, which seeks to explain the reasons behind social phenomena.

Explanations: Descriptive research focuses on providing a detailed and accurate description of a social situation, event, system, or structure. It does not aim to explain the underlying causes or reasons for the observed phenomena. This makes it the correct choice for describing a social situation without delving into causality.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Basic research is more focused on fundamental knowledge and theory development, not specifically on describing social situations.
Option B: Descriptive research is designed to describe social phenomena as they are observed, fitting the question's criteria.
Option C: Empirical research involves data collection and analysis but does not necessarily focus on description alone.
Option D: Explanatory research aims to explain the reasons behind social phenomena, which is not the focus of the question.

295. In studying social deviance & crime, which perspective focuses on how a deviant person learned their deviant behavior (socialization)?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Symbolic Interactionism.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Criminology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Symbolic Interactionism focuses on how individuals learn and interpret social meanings through interactions with others.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Symbolic Interactionism with Conflict Theory, which focuses more on power dynamics and inequality.

Explanations: Symbolic Interactionism examines how individuals learn deviant behavior through social interactions and the meanings they attach to these behaviors. This perspective emphasizes the role of socialization and the process by which individuals internalize norms and values, leading to deviant behavior. The other perspectives, such as Functionalism and Conflict Theory, do not focus on the learning process of deviant behavior through social interactions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Functionalism focuses on how social institutions contribute to the stability of society, not on individual learning processes.
Option B: Conflict Theory focuses on power struggles and inequality, not on the learning of deviant behavior.
Option C: Symbolic Interactionism focuses on how individuals learn and interpret social meanings through interactions, including deviant behavior.
Option D: This option is incorrect as Symbolic Interactionism is the correct perspective.

Mnemonic: SIL: Symbolic Interactionism Learns

296. Long-term conscious effort to promote or prevent social change.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Social movement.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Political Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A social movement is a long-term, organized effort by a group of people to promote or prevent social change.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse social movements with ideologies, which are sets of beliefs and values, rather than organized efforts for change.

Explanations: Social movements involve a collective, organized effort to promote or prevent social change over a long period. This aligns with the description of a long-term conscious effort to promote or prevent social change. Ideologies, cultural lag, and diffusion do not specifically involve organized, long-term efforts for change.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Ideology refers to a set of beliefs and values, not an organized effort for change.
Option B: Social movement is the correct answer as it involves a long-term, organized effort for social change.
Option C: Cultural lag refers to the delay in cultural adjustment to new conditions, not an organized effort for change.
Option D: Diffusion is the spread of cultural elements, not an organized effort for change.

297. Max Weber referred people's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable experiences as

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Life chances.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Undergraduate Sociology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Max Weber defined "life chances" as the opportunities individuals have to achieve material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable experiences.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse "life chances" with "status" or "wealth," which are related but distinct concepts in Weber's sociological framework.

Explanations: Max Weber introduced the concept of "life chances" to describe the opportunities individuals have to secure material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable experiences. This concept is central to understanding social stratification and mobility within a society. "Life chances" are influenced by factors such as social class, education, and economic resources, which collectively determine an individual's ability to achieve a certain standard of living and life quality.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. "Life chances" refers to the opportunities individuals have to achieve material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable experiences.
Option B: Incorrect. "Power" refers to the ability to influence others, which is a different concept from life chances.
Option C: Incorrect. "Wealth" refers to the accumulation of material resources, which is a component of life chances but not the overarching concept.
Option D: Incorrect. "Status" refers to the honor or prestige accorded to a person or position, which is another distinct concept in Weber's framework.

Mnemonic: Life chances: L-C (Life-Chances)

298. How did the move from farm to factories change peoples lives?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Cities grew as people moved to work in factories.

Exam Relevance: AP World History, IB History, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The Industrial Revolution led to a significant shift in population from rural areas to urban centers as people sought employment in factories.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the effects of industrialization with other historical movements, such as the agricultural revolution, which did not involve the same level of urbanization.

Explanations: The move from farms to factories during the Industrial Revolution led to urbanization. As factories were typically located in cities, people migrated to urban areas to find work. This migration resulted in the growth of cities as they accommodated the influx of workers and their families.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Land owners did not necessarily have to share their land; the focus was on factory work in urban areas.
Option B: Urbanization was not a myth; it was a significant outcome of the Industrial Revolution.
Option C: This is correct as the growth of cities was a direct result of people moving to work in factories.
Option D: The cottage industry, which involved home-based production, declined as factory production became more prevalent.

Mnemonic: Factories = Cities = Growth

299. All the physical objects, or artifacts, that people make and attach meaning to

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Material culture.

Exam Relevance: Anthropology exams, Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Material culture refers to the physical objects and artifacts that people create and imbue with meaning.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse material culture with nonmaterial culture, which includes beliefs, values, and norms.

Explanations: Material culture encompasses all physical objects that people make and attach meaning to. This includes items such as tools, clothing, buildings, and art. These objects are tangible and can be seen, touched, and used. The term "material culture" is specifically used to describe these physical artifacts, making it the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Material culture refers to physical objects and artifacts.
Option B: Incorrect. Nonmaterial culture includes beliefs, values, and norms, not physical objects.
Option C: Incorrect. Mores are social norms that are considered essential to the functioning of a society, not physical objects.
Option D: Incorrect. Social markers are symbols that indicate social status, not physical objects.

300. Ethnocentrism does all of the following except

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Encourage diversity.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Ethnocentrism is the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture. It often leads to a lack of openness to other cultures and can result in behaviors that discourage diversity.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that ethnocentrism can promote diversity by encouraging people to learn about other cultures. However, ethnocentrism typically results in a lack of interest in other cultures.

Explanations: Ethnocentrism promotes conformity within one's own culture, discourages mixing with other cultures, and can lead to cultural stagnation. It does not encourage diversity, as it is based on the belief that one's own culture is superior to others.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Ethnocentrism promotes conformity by reinforcing the belief that one's own culture is superior and should be maintained.
Option B: Ethnocentrism discourages mixing with other cultures due to the belief that one's own culture is superior and should not be influenced by others.
Option C: Ethnocentrism can result in cultural stagnation because it discourages the adoption of new ideas and practices from other cultures.
Option D: Ethnocentrism does not encourage diversity, as it is based on the belief that one's own culture is superior and should be maintained without influence from other cultures.

Mnemonic: E for Ethnocentrism, E for Exclusive, not Encouraging Diversity.

⬅ Previous SetSet 30Next Set ➡

3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 30”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

It is the best app in the world …..but sir hindi medium walo ke liye problem hai…..gyan ke mamle me ye ganga ki tarh hai
ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

send me sociology mcq pdf
SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

Please send sociology mcq e book,,,, thank you,,,

3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 30”

Leave a Reply