sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

281. An open question gives respondents the opportunity to what?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) All of the above.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Open questions allow respondents to provide detailed, extended answers that can include factual information, opinions, and personal insights.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that open questions are only for giving opinions, overlooking the possibility of providing factual answers or extended responses.

Explanations: Open questions are designed to give respondents the freedom to answer in a way that best suits their knowledge and perspective. This can include providing factual information, giving extended answers, and sharing their opinions. Therefore, the correct answer is that open questions allow respondents to do all of the above.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This is partially correct as open questions can be used to answer factually.
Option B: This is partially correct as open questions can allow for extended answers.
Option C: This is partially correct as open questions can be used to give opinions.
Option D: This is the correct answer as open questions encompass all the above options.

282. Class conflict is the basic theory of.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Marx.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Political Science exams, Philosophy exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Class conflict is a central concept in Karl Marx's theory of historical materialism.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse class conflict with other sociological theories, such as Weber's stratification theory or Comte's positivism.

Explanations: Karl Marx's theory of historical materialism posits that class conflict is the driving force of societal change. Marx argued that the struggle between the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and the proletariat (working class) is the fundamental dynamic in capitalist societies. This conflict arises from the exploitation of the working class by the capitalist class, leading to social and political upheavals. Therefore, class conflict is the basic theory of Marx.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Weber's theory focuses on stratification based on class, status, and power, not class conflict as the primary driver of societal change.
Option B: Marx's theory centers on class conflict as the fundamental dynamic in capitalist societies.
Option C: Comte's positivism emphasizes the scientific study of society and does not focus on class conflict.
Option D: While all three theorists are important in sociology, only Marx's theory is based on class conflict as the primary driver of societal change.

283. When people break norms, they receive

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Negative sanctions.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: When individuals violate social norms, they typically face negative sanctions. These are punitive measures or disapproving reactions from others in society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse positive sanctions with negative sanctions, thinking that breaking norms would result in positive reinforcement.

Explanations: Negative sanctions are societal responses designed to discourage behavior that deviates from established norms. These sanctions can range from informal disapproval, such as frowns or gossip, to formal punishments, such as fines or imprisonment. The purpose of these sanctions is to maintain social order and encourage conformity to societal expectations.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Positive sanctions are rewards or approval given for conforming to norms, not for breaking them.
Option B: Negative sanctions are the appropriate response to norm violations, involving disapproval or punishment.
Option C: A day in court is a specific legal process and not a general societal response to norm violations.
Option D: Hugs and kisses are forms of positive reinforcement and not typical responses to norm-breaking behavior.

284. In which of Mead's three stages do children not only play roles but also consider several tasks or relationships at the same time?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Game.

Exam Relevance: Psychology exams, Sociology exams, Social Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In Mead's stages of social development, the "Game" stage involves children considering multiple roles and relationships simultaneously.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the "Game" stage with the "Play" stage, where children typically assume a single role at a time.

Explanations: In the "Game" stage, children are capable of taking on multiple roles and understanding the interplay between different social positions. This stage is characterized by the ability to consider several tasks or relationships at once, which is a more complex cognitive process than in the "Play" stage where children focus on a single role.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The "Play" stage involves children assuming a single role at a time, not multiple roles simultaneously.
Option B: The "Game" stage is where children can consider several tasks or relationships at the same time, making it the correct answer.
Option C: "Role Taking" is not a specific stage in Mead's theory but rather a general concept of understanding others' perspectives.
Option D: This option is incorrect as the "Game" stage is the correct answer.

Mnemonic: GAM: Game, Assume Multiple roles

285. Who disagreed with Karl Marx, that religion, not economics, was the central force in social change?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Max Weber.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Undergraduate exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Max Weber disagreed with Karl Marx's view that economics was the central force in social change. Weber argued that religion played a significant role in shaping social and economic development.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the contributions of different sociologists and their theories on social change.

Explanations: Karl Marx believed that economic factors were the primary drivers of social change. In contrast, Max Weber emphasized the role of religion and cultural values in shaping social and economic development. Weber's theory of the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism illustrates his belief that religious ideas influenced economic behavior and social structures. Therefore, Max Weber disagreed with Marx's economic determinism and highlighted the importance of religion in social change.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Max Weber disagreed with Marx's economic determinism and emphasized the role of religion in social change.
Option B: Herbert Spencer focused on social Darwinism and the evolution of society, not specifically on religion versus economics.
Option C: W.E.B. Du Bois focused on race and social inequality, not directly on the role of religion in social change.
Option D: Jane Addams was a social reformer and founder of Hull House, but her work did not directly address the role of religion in social change.

Mnemonic: Weber's W: W for Weber, W for Work and Wealth influenced by Worldview.

286. The totality of the phenomenon under study is called the:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Population.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, GRE, GMAT, SAT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The totality of the phenomenon under study is referred to as the population. This includes all members or elements sharing characteristics being studied.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the term "universe" with "population," as both can refer to the complete set of elements under study. However, "population" is the more precise term in statistics.

Explanations: In statistics, the totality of the phenomenon under study is called the population. This term encompasses all the elements or members that share the characteristics being studied. The population is the complete set of items or individuals from which a sample is drawn for analysis.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. The totality of the phenomenon under study is called the population.
Option B: Incorrect. "Universe" is a term sometimes used interchangeably but "population" is the more precise term in statistics.
Option C: Incorrect. A sample is a subset of the population, not the totality of the phenomenon.
Option D: Incorrect. Inferential refers to the process of making inferences about the population based on sample data, not the totality of the phenomenon.

287. Totalitarian regimes.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Control the individual socially and politically.

Exam Relevance: AP European History, IB History, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Totalitarian regimes exert comprehensive control over both the social and political aspects of individuals' lives.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that totalitarian regimes only control political life, overlooking the extensive social control.

Explanations: Totalitarian regimes aim to control all aspects of life, including social and political spheres. They seek to dominate not just the political system but also the social fabric, influencing personal beliefs, behaviors, and social interactions. This comprehensive control ensures that the regime maintains absolute power over the populace.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This is the correct answer as totalitarian regimes control both social and political aspects of individuals' lives.
Option B: This is incorrect because totalitarian regimes control more than just political life; they also exert control over social aspects.
Option C: This is incorrect because totalitarian regimes typically violate human and civil rights, rather than leaving them intact.
Option D: This is incorrect because totalitarian regimes control more than just economic and foreign policy matters; they also control social and political life.

288. A population pyramid shows.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Sex and age distribution within a population.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Geography, SAT Subject Test in World History

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A population pyramid is a graphical representation that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population, typically divided by sex.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse a population pyramid with other types of demographic charts, such as those showing land area or population density.

Explanations: A population pyramid specifically illustrates the number of individuals in each age group, with males and females often displayed on separate sides. This allows for a clear visualization of the demographic structure of a population, including the relative sizes of different age groups and the sex ratio.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Population pyramids display the distribution of age and sex within a population.
Option B: Incorrect. This describes a map or chart showing population density, not a population pyramid.
Option C: Incorrect. This describes a measure of economic development, not a demographic chart.
Option D: Incorrect. This describes a relationship between population growth and food supply, not a demographic chart.

289. Which of the following is NOTa cause of slavery?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Stratification.

Exam Relevance: AP World History, IB History, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of society into different classes or layers. It is not a direct cause of slavery, unlike debt, crime, and war.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse stratification with other social structures that can lead to slavery, such as economic inequality or social hierarchy.

Explanations: Stratification is a social structure that organizes society into different classes or layers based on factors like wealth, power, and status. While it can contribute to social inequality, it is not a direct cause of slavery. Debt, crime, and war, on the other hand, have historically been direct causes of slavery. Debt can lead to debt bondage, crime can result in penal slavery, and war can lead to the capture and enslavement of prisoners.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Debt can lead to debt bondage, a form of slavery.
Option B: Crime can result in penal slavery, where criminals are enslaved as punishment.
Option C: Stratification is a social structure and not a direct cause of slavery.
Option D: War can lead to the capture and enslavement of prisoners.

290. A social movement which becomes a formal organization is said to have undergone.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Bureaucratization.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Political Science exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Bureaucratization refers to the process by which a social movement transforms into a formal organization with a structured hierarchy and established rules and procedures.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse bureaucratization with other organizational changes such as cooptation, incorporation, or oligarchization, which involve different processes.

Explanations: Bureaucratization is the correct term for the transformation of a social movement into a formal organization with a structured hierarchy and established rules and procedures. This process often involves the creation of a formal leadership structure, the establishment of a clear division of labor, and the implementation of standardized procedures. This formalization allows the organization to operate more efficiently and effectively, but it can also lead to a loss of the original movement's spontaneity and flexibility.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Cooptation refers to the process by which a social movement is taken over by individuals or groups with different goals, which is not the same as becoming a formal organization.
Option B: Incorporation refers to the process by which a social movement is absorbed into the existing political or economic system, which is not the same as becoming a formal organization.
Option C: Oligarchization refers to the concentration of power in the hands of a few individuals within a social movement, which is not the same as becoming a formal organization.
Option D: Bureaucratization is the correct term for the transformation of a social movement into a formal organization with a structured hierarchy and established rules and procedures.

Mnemonic: Bureaucratization: "Bureaucrats run the show, formalizing the movement."

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 29”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

send me sociology mcq pdf
SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

Please send sociology mcq e book,,,, thank you,,,

3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 29”

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