sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

311. Being born with no predetermined personality type is a description of:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Tabula rasa.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Tabula rasa is a philosophical concept suggesting that individuals are born without any innate mental content and that all knowledge comes from experience and perception.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse tabula rasa with other psychological concepts such as the looking-glass self, which involves the development of self-concept based on how one is perceived by others.

Explanations: Tabula rasa means "blank slate" in Latin. It posits that at birth, the mind is a blank slate and all knowledge and personality traits are acquired through experience. This aligns with the description of being born with no predetermined personality type.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Tabula rasa refers to the idea that individuals are born with a blank slate and all knowledge and personality traits are acquired through experience.
Option B: Incorrect. The looking-glass self is a concept that describes how individuals develop their self-concept based on how they believe others perceive them.
Option C: Incorrect. Role-taking is a concept in sociology where individuals adopt the perspective of another person to understand their role in society.
Option D: Incorrect. This option is not applicable as the correct answer is provided in the other options.

Mnemonic: Blank Slate, Born Empty

312. Social construction of reality was introduced by

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Peter Berger.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The social construction of reality is a sociological concept that describes how individuals and groups create an understanding of the world through social interaction. This theory was introduced by Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann in their 1966 book "The Social Construction of Reality."

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the social construction of reality with other sociological theories, such as Karl Marx's theory of social conflict or Max Weber's theory of rationalization.

Explanations: Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann introduced the concept of the social construction of reality in their seminal work. This theory posits that society is not a pre-existing entity but is constructed through human interaction and shared meanings. It emphasizes the role of language, symbols, and social institutions in shaping our understanding of reality.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Peter Berger co-authored the book "The Social Construction of Reality" with Thomas Luckmann, introducing the concept.
Option B: Incorrect. Karl Marx is known for his theories on class struggle and capitalism, not the social construction of reality.
Option C: Incorrect. John B. Watson is associated with behaviorism in psychology, not the social construction of reality.
Option D: Incorrect. Max Weber is known for his theories on rationalization and bureaucracy, not the social construction of reality.

313. Experiments are.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Based on controlling a variable and observing the results.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, GRE Psychology, Sociology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Experiments are a method of scientific investigation where variables are controlled to observe the effects on the outcome.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that experiments are only used in natural sciences, not in social sciences.

Explanations: Experiments involve manipulating one or more variables to observe the effect on another variable. This method is used to establish cause-and-effect relationships. In social sciences, experiments can be conducted by controlling certain variables, such as the environment or participant behavior, to observe the impact on social phenomena.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Experiments are not the most common method of social investigation; surveys and observational studies are more frequently used.
Option B: This is correct because experiments involve controlling variables to observe outcomes.
Option C: Experiments are indeed used in the study of humans, particularly in fields like psychology and sociology.
Option D: Experiments are not limited to white mice; they can be conducted with various subjects, including humans.

Mnemonic: Control, Observe, Result (COR)

314. The expectation behavior of someone occupying a particular status is known as this.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Role.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Psychology exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In sociology, the term "role" refers to the set of expectations and behaviors associated with a particular status or position within a social system.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse "role" with "role expectation," which specifically refers to the expectations placed on an individual occupying a particular status.

Explanations: The expectation behavior of someone occupying a particular status is known as a "role." This term encompasses the behaviors, rights, obligations, and norms associated with a given position or status within a social structure. While "role expectation" (Option B) is closely related, it specifically refers to the expectations placed on an individual in a given role, rather than the role itself.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Role refers to the set of behaviors and expectations associated with a particular status.
Option B: Incorrect. Role expectation refers to the specific expectations placed on an individual in a given role, not the role itself.
Option C: Incorrect. Role strain refers to the stress that arises when an individual has difficulty meeting the expectations of a role.
Option D: Incorrect. Role set refers to the collection of roles that a person occupies simultaneously.

315. Which term refers to the ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together form a people's way of life?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Culture.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, SAT Subject Tests, IB Global Politics

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Culture encompasses the shared beliefs, values, behaviors, and material objects that characterize a group or society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse culture with language, thinking that language alone defines a culture.

Explanations: Culture is the comprehensive term that includes the ways of thinking, acting, and material objects that form a people's way of life. Language, folkways, and the Sapir-Whorf thesis are components or aspects of culture, but they do not encompass the full scope of what culture entails.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Language is a component of culture but does not encompass all aspects of culture.
Option B: Culture is the correct term that includes all the ways of thinking, acting, and material objects that form a people's way of life.
Option C: Folkways are specific norms of behavior that are less formal than laws but are still important in a culture, but they do not encompass the full scope of culture.
Option D: The Sapir-Whorf thesis is a theory about the relationship between language and thought, but it does not encompass the full scope of culture.

316. Consider the following Statements: Society can be both big and small: People who share the same language and live in the same area can have a different culture: Because of how they are structured bureaucracies can never led to oligarchy. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Only 1, 2.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Social and Cultural Anthropology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The question tests understanding of societal structures, cultural diversity, and the nature of bureaucracies.

Common Mistakes: Students may incorrectly assume that bureaucracies always lead to oligarchy, which is not necessarily true.

Explanations: Statement 1 is true because society can indeed be both big and small, encompassing various sizes and scales. Statement 2 is true as people sharing the same language and living in the same area can still have different cultures due to various factors such as traditions, customs, and beliefs. Statement 3 is false because bureaucracies can lead to oligarchy if power becomes concentrated in a small group of individuals. Therefore, the correct answer is only 1 and 2.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct, as it includes the true statements 1 and 2.
Option B: Incorrect, as it includes the false statement 3.
Option C: Incorrect, as it includes the false statement 3.
Option D: Incorrect, as it does not include the true statement 1.

317. Religion helps hold a society together morally.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Functionalism.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Social Theory Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Functionalism is a sociological perspective that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse functionalism with conflict theory, which focuses on the ways in which power and resources are distributed unequally in society.

Explanations: Functionalism posits that religion serves a crucial function in society by providing a moral framework and fostering social cohesion. This perspective emphasizes the role of religion in maintaining social order and stability, which aligns with the statement that religion helps hold a society together morally.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Functionalism views religion as a stabilizing force that contributes to social cohesion and moral order.
Option B: Incorrect. Conflict perspective focuses on the distribution of power and resources, not the moral cohesion provided by religion.
Option C: Incorrect. Symbolic interactionism focuses on the meanings individuals derive from social interactions, not the broader societal functions of religion.
Option D: Incorrect. The statement aligns with functionalism, so this option is not correct.

318. Government, family, school are all examples of

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Social institutions.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Social and Cultural Anthropology, High School Social Studies

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Social institutions are organized patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse social institutions with formal organizations, which are more specific and structured.

Explanations: Government, family, and school are examples of social institutions because they are fundamental structures in society that fulfill essential social functions. They are not just formal organizations or communities, but broader systems that shape social behavior and norms.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Government, family, and school are social institutions as they are foundational structures in society.
Option B: Incorrect. While formal organizations can be part of social institutions, not all social institutions are formal organizations.
Option C: Incorrect. Communities are groups of people living in the same area, but they are not the same as social institutions.
Option D: Incorrect. Subcultures are groups within a larger culture, but they do not encompass the broad societal functions of social institutions.

Mnemonic: GFS: Government, Family, School - Social Institutions

319. Who has a similar argument to Douglas that parents own education is the most important factor affecting children's achievement?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Feinstein.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Feinstein's argument aligns with Douglas's view that parental education is a critical factor in children's academic success.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the contributions of different researchers or misinterpret the specific factors emphasized by each.

Explanations: Feinstein's research supports the idea that parental education significantly influences children's educational outcomes, which is similar to Douglas's argument. Both researchers highlight the importance of parental education in shaping children's academic achievements.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Young does not have a similar argument to Douglas regarding parental education.
Option B: Howard's focus is not on parental education as a primary factor.
Option C: Feinstein's research aligns with Douglas's view on the importance of parental education.
Option D: Sugarman's work does not emphasize parental education as a key factor.

320. Which of these answers describes what culture means?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) The way of life of a particular society or social group.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Social and Cultural Anthropology, A-Level Sociology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that the members of a society use to cope with their world and with one another, and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse culture with social structures or institutions, which are part of a society's organization rather than its way of life.

Explanations: Culture encompasses the way of life of a particular society or social group, including their beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors. This definition aligns with the correct answer, as it captures the essence of culture as a comprehensive way of life rather than specific social structures or individual beliefs.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This describes social structures rather than culture.
Option B: This describes social institutions, not the broader concept of culture.
Option C: This accurately defines culture as the way of life of a particular society or social group.
Option D: This describes values and beliefs, which are components of culture but not the entirety of it.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 32”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 32”

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