sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

321. Family is an

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Group of member.

Exam Relevance: SAT, ACT, AP Psychology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A family is a social unit consisting of individuals who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption. It is typically a group of people who live together and share responsibilities and relationships.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly think that a family is only a single person or a specific role within the family, such as a father or mother.

Explanations: A family is defined as a group of members who are related and often live together. This includes parents, children, and sometimes extended relatives. Therefore, the correct answer is "Group of member."

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because "People" is too broad and does not specify the familial relationship.
Option B: Incorrect because "Father" refers to a single individual and not the entire family unit.
Option C: Incorrect because "Mother" refers to a single individual and not the entire family unit.
Option D: Correct because a family is a collection of individuals who are related and often live together.

322. Who thought that within organizations there exists an iron law of oligarchy?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Robert Michels.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Political Science exams, Organizational Behavior exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Robert Michels proposed the concept of the iron law of oligarchy, which suggests that all large organizations, regardless of their stated purpose, will eventually be controlled by a small, self-perpetuating elite.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Robert Michels with other sociologists who have contributed to organizational theory, such as Max Weber or Michel Foucault.

Explanations: Robert Michels formulated the iron law of oligarchy in his work "Political Parties" (1911). This theory posits that in any democratic organization, a small number of leaders will eventually form a ruling elite, leading to a concentration of power and control. This concept is central to understanding the dynamics of power and leadership within organizations.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Max Weber is known for his work on bureaucracy and the concept of rational-legal authority, not the iron law of oligarchy.
Option B: Zygmunt Bauman is a sociologist known for his work on modernity and postmodernity, not the iron law of oligarchy.
Option C: Michel Foucault is known for his theories on power and knowledge, but not specifically for the iron law of oligarchy.
Option D: Robert Michels is the correct answer as he is the sociologist who proposed the iron law of oligarchy.

323. Researcher who believed investigated how people develop their morals.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Kohlberg.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, GRE Psychology, MCAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Lawrence Kohlberg is known for his theory on the stages of moral development.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Kohlberg with Piaget, who also studied cognitive development but focused on different aspects.

Explanations: Kohlberg's theory of moral development investigates how individuals progress through different stages of moral reasoning. He proposed six stages grouped into three levels: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. This theory specifically addresses the development of moral reasoning and ethical decision-making, making Kohlberg the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Piaget focused on cognitive development stages, not specifically on moral development.
Option B: Erikson's theory focuses on psychosocial development stages, not moral development.
Option C: Kohlberg's theory is specifically about the stages of moral development.
Option D: Mead's work is related to social behavior and symbolic interactionism, not moral development.

Mnemonic: K for Kohlberg, K for Morality

324. Members of the "New Class" occupy which of the following occupations.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Journalists academics media commentators.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Political Science exams, Social Theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The "New Class" refers to a group of individuals who hold positions of influence in society due to their expertise and knowledge, rather than their ownership of capital or traditional power structures.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the "New Class" with other social or economic classes, such as the middle class or the working class.

Explanations: The "New Class" is characterized by individuals who derive their power and influence from their knowledge and expertise, rather than from traditional economic or political means. Journalists, academics, and media commentators are prime examples of this group, as they shape public opinion and discourse through their work. These individuals are not directly tied to traditional economic classes but instead hold sway through their intellectual and communicative roles.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Computer programmers are skilled professionals but do not necessarily fit the broader influence and societal role of the "New Class."
Option B: MBAs starting their own firms are entrepreneurs and business leaders, not typically associated with the "New Class."
Option C: Out of work middle managers do not align with the concept of the "New Class," which emphasizes active influence and expertise.
Option D: Journalists, academics, and media commentators are key members of the "New Class" due to their significant influence on public opinion and discourse.

Mnemonic: JAM: Journalists, Academics, Media

325. Max studies marriage rituals in four countries to note similarities and differences in the ceremonies. His research would best be described as:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Comparative research.

Exam Relevance: Anthropology exams, Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Comparative research involves comparing and contrasting different cases or phenomena to identify similarities and differences.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse comparative research with ethnography, which focuses on detailed descriptions of a single culture or community.

Explanations: Max's research involves studying marriage rituals in four different countries to note similarities and differences. This aligns with the definition of comparative research, which aims to compare and contrast different cases to identify patterns and variations.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Experimental research involves manipulating variables to establish cause-and-effect relationships, which is not applicable to Max's observational study of marriage rituals.
Option B: Ethnography involves in-depth, qualitative research focused on a single culture or community, not multiple countries.
Option C: Survey research involves collecting data through questionnaires or interviews, which is not the primary method described in Max's research.
Option D: Comparative research involves comparing different cases to identify similarities and differences, which fits Max's study of marriage rituals across four countries.

326. Education is thought to serve as a mechanism for reproducing the class structure of society, thereby reproducing the privileges of the dominant culture.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Marxist.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Education Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Marxist theory posits that education serves to perpetuate the class structure by reinforcing the privileges of the dominant culture.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Marxist theory with other sociological perspectives that do not emphasize the role of education in reproducing class structures.

Explanations: Marxist theory argues that education is a mechanism for reproducing the class structure of society. According to this perspective, the dominant culture's privileges are maintained through the educational system, which socializes individuals into accepting the existing social hierarchy. This view aligns with the statement that education reproduces the class structure and the privileges of the dominant culture.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Functionalist theory emphasizes the role of education in maintaining social order and stability, not specifically in reproducing class structures.
Option B: Internationalist theory is not a recognized sociological perspective related to the role of education in reproducing class structures.
Option C: Marxist theory directly addresses the role of education in perpetuating class structures and the privileges of the dominant culture.
Option D: Materialist theory, while related to Marxist thought, does not specifically focus on the role of education in reproducing class structures.

327. Which term refers to cultural patterns that distinguish a society's elite?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) High culture.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: High culture refers to cultural patterns that are associated with the elite or upper class in a society. It includes refined tastes, sophisticated arts, and intellectual pursuits.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse high culture with popular culture, which is more widespread and accessible to the general public.

Explanations: High culture is the term that accurately describes the cultural patterns and practices that distinguish a society's elite. These patterns often include refined tastes, sophisticated arts, and intellectual pursuits that are characteristic of the upper class. This distinguishes it from popular culture, which is more widespread and accessible to the general public.

Option Analysis:

Option A: High culture is the correct term for cultural patterns that distinguish a society's elite.
Option B: Popular culture refers to cultural patterns that are widespread and accessible to the general public, not the elite.
Option C: Subculture refers to a group within a larger culture that has distinct patterns and practices, but not necessarily those of the elite.
Option D: Ideal culture refers to the cultural patterns that a society aspires to, not necessarily those of the elite.

328. The fact that pizza is now a popular American food is due to.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Cultural diffusion.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Geography, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Cultural diffusion is the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse cultural diffusion with cultural lag, which refers to the delay in the adjustment of non-material culture to material culture changes.

Explanations: The popularity of pizza in America is an example of cultural diffusion. Pizza originated in Italy and spread to the United States through Italian immigrants. Over time, it became widely accepted and adapted into American cuisine. This process of spreading and integrating a cultural element from one society to another is cultural diffusion.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Cultural lag refers to the delay in the adjustment of non-material culture to material culture changes, which is not relevant to the spread of pizza.
Option B: Technological innovation involves the creation of new technologies, which is not the primary reason for the spread of pizza in America.
Option C: Cultural diffusion is the correct answer as it explains the spread of pizza from Italy to the United States.
Option D: Sociocultural drift refers to the gradual changes in a society's culture over time, which is not the primary reason for the spread of pizza.

329. What is a research method in which people respond to questions?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Survey.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, IB Psychology, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A survey is a research method where people respond to questions to gather data.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse a survey with a sample, which is a subset of a population used for research, not a method of data collection.

Explanations: A survey is a method used to collect data by asking people questions. It is a structured way to gather information from a group of individuals. The other options do not describe a method of data collection through questions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: A sample is a subset of a population, not a method of data collection.
Option B: A survey is a method where people respond to questions to gather data.
Option C: A population is the entire group of individuals or items to be studied, not a method of data collection.
Option D: A representative sample is a subset of a population that accurately reflects the characteristics of the whole population, not a method of data collection.

Mnemonic: Survey: S-Speak, U-Understand, R-Respond, V-Verify, Y-Yield data.

330. Which perspective does the following statement best align with: Symbols permit people to have internal conversations that help them gear their interaction to the behavior they think others expect of them

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Symbolic Interactionism.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Symbolic Interactionism is a sociological perspective that focuses on the symbols and language used in social interactions. It emphasizes how individuals interpret and give meaning to symbols, which guides their behavior and interactions with others.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Symbolic Interactionism with Functionalism, which focuses on the stability and equilibrium of society, or with Conflict Perspective, which emphasizes power and inequality.

Explanations: The statement aligns with Symbolic Interactionism because it describes how symbols (such as language and gestures) allow individuals to have internal conversations and adjust their behavior based on what they believe others expect of them. This perspective emphasizes the role of symbols in shaping social interactions and individual behavior.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Functionalism focuses on the stability and equilibrium of society, not on individual interactions and symbols.
Option B: Conflict Perspective emphasizes power and inequality, not the use of symbols in individual interactions.
Option C: Symbolic Interactionism focuses on how symbols and language guide behavior and social interactions, which aligns with the statement.
Option D: None of the above is incorrect because Symbolic Interactionism is the correct perspective.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 33”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 33”

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