sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

411. This individual was well received by American entrepreneurs.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Herbert Spencer.

Exam Relevance: AP US History, GRE, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Herbert Spencer was well received by American entrepreneurs due to his ideas on social Darwinism and laissez-faire economics.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Herbert Spencer with other philosophers of the same era, such as Auguste Comte or Karl Marx.

Explanations: Herbert Spencer's ideas on social Darwinism and laissez-faire economics resonated with American entrepreneurs. His belief in the survival of the fittest and minimal government intervention in the economy aligned with the entrepreneurial spirit of the time. This made his work particularly appealing to those in the business community.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Martineau was a British philosopher and writer, but she did not have the same impact on American entrepreneurs as Spencer.
Option B: Auguste Comte was a French philosopher known for coining the term "sociology," but his ideas were not as well received by American entrepreneurs as Spencer's.
Option C: Marx's ideas on communism and class struggle were not aligned with the interests of American entrepreneurs.
Option D: Herbert Spencer's ideas on social Darwinism and laissez-faire economics were well received by American entrepreneurs.

Mnemonic: Survival of the Fittest, Laissez-Faire, Spencer

412. Which social group does the term below belongs to?Student council members

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Secondary.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Psychology, High School Social Studies

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Social groups can be categorized into primary, secondary, and reference groups. Secondary groups are those in which individuals come together for a specific purpose or activity, often in a formal setting.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse secondary groups with primary groups, which are characterized by close, personal relationships.

Explanations: Student council members belong to a secondary group because they come together for a specific purpose, such as organizing school events or representing student interests. This group is formal and structured, fitting the definition of a secondary group.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Primary groups are characterized by close, personal relationships, which do not apply to student council members.
Option B: Secondary groups are formed for specific purposes and are often formal, which fits the description of a student council.
Option C: Reference groups are those to which individuals compare themselves but are not necessarily part of, which does not apply here.
Option D: This option is incorrect as the correct classification is provided in option B.

413. Tonnies divided the social structure into Gemeinschaft and Gessellschaft The tighter and cohesive social entity was the salient feature of.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Gemeinschaft.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Gemeinschaft refers to a traditional, tight-knit community where social bonds are strong and relationships are personal. Gessellschaft, on the other hand, describes a more modern, impersonal society where social bonds are weaker and relationships are more contractual.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Gemeinschaft with Gessellschaft, as both terms describe social structures but have distinct characteristics.

Explanations: Gemeinschaft is characterized by close, personal relationships and a strong sense of community. This makes it the tighter and more cohesive social entity compared to Gessellschaft, which is marked by more impersonal and contractual relationships.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Gemeinschaft is the tighter and more cohesive social entity.
Option B: Incorrect. Gessellschaft is characterized by weaker social bonds and more impersonal relationships.
Option C: Incorrect. Both terms describe different social structures, but only Gemeinschaft is the tighter and more cohesive entity.
Option D: Incorrect. There is a correct answer among the options provided.

Mnemonic: Gemeinschaft: "G" for "Gathered" - think of a close-knit community.

414. Conflict sociologists delineate social class on the basis of .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) The degree of autonomy workers enjoy in their jobs.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Conflict Theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Conflict sociologists focus on the power dynamics and inequalities within society, particularly in the workplace. They argue that social class is determined by the level of control and autonomy workers have over their work.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that social class is primarily determined by income or education, which are more commonly used measures in other sociological perspectives.

Explanations: Conflict sociologists emphasize the power dynamics and control in the workplace. They argue that the degree of autonomy workers have over their work is a key indicator of their social class. This perspective highlights the inequalities and power imbalances that exist in the labor market, rather than focusing solely on income or education levels.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Income and social ranking are not the primary focus of conflict sociologists when defining social class.
Option B: Education is not the main criterion for conflict sociologists in delineating social class.
Option C: The degree of autonomy workers enjoy in their jobs is the correct answer as it aligns with the conflict sociological perspective on power dynamics and control.
Option D: Socioeconomic status, which includes income and education, is not the primary focus of conflict sociologists.

415. What word means a prize; a positive response; something food that you receive for doing something well?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Reward.

Exam Relevance: SAT, ACT, GRE, TOEFL

Difficulty: Very Easy

Concept notes: A reward is something given in recognition of a good deed or performance.

Common Mistakes: Students might confuse a reward with a punishment, which is a negative consequence rather than a positive one.

Explanations: A reward is a positive response or prize given for doing something well. It aligns with the definition provided in the question, which describes a positive outcome for good behavior or performance.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Reward is the correct term for a positive response or prize given for good performance.
Option B: Punishment is a negative consequence, not a positive response.
Option C: Reject means to refuse or deny, which is not related to a positive response.
Option D: Offend means to cause someone to feel upset or insulted, which is not a positive response.

Mnemonic: R - Reward: Recognize and Reward.

416. According to sociologists process of creating new cultural elements is called

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Invention.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: In sociology, the process of creating new cultural elements is referred to as invention.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse invention with development, which typically refers to the improvement or expansion of existing cultural elements rather than the creation of new ones.

Explanations: Invention in sociology specifically refers to the creation of new cultural elements, such as new technologies, social norms, or artistic expressions. This process involves the generation of novel ideas and practices that did not previously exist within a culture. The term "build" is not typically used in sociological contexts to describe the creation of new cultural elements, and "development" generally implies the enhancement or evolution of existing elements rather than the creation of entirely new ones.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Invention is the process of creating new cultural elements.
Option B: Incorrect. "Build" is not a sociological term used to describe the creation of new cultural elements.
Option C: Incorrect. Development typically refers to the improvement or expansion of existing cultural elements, not the creation of new ones.
Option D: Incorrect. Since only invention is the correct term, "All of the above" is not accurate.

417. Main Sources of Social Change: the process of spreading culture traits from one society to another

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Diffusion.

Exam Relevance: Anthropology exams, Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Diffusion is the process by which cultural traits spread from one society to another.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse diffusion with other sources of social change, such as technology or population changes.

Explanations: Diffusion is the process of spreading culture traits from one society to another. This process can occur through various means such as migration, trade, or communication. It is a key mechanism for social change as it allows societies to adopt new ideas, practices, and technologies from other cultures. The other options, such as values and beliefs, technology, and population, are also important factors in social change but do not specifically describe the process of cultural spread.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Values and beliefs are important aspects of culture but do not describe the process of spreading culture traits.
Option B: Technology can influence social change but does not specifically describe the process of cultural diffusion.
Option C: Population changes can affect social dynamics but do not describe the process of spreading culture traits.
Option D: Diffusion is the correct term for the process of spreading culture traits from one society to another.

Mnemonic: D for Diffusion, D for Dissemination.

418. A community of people who share a common culture.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Society.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Social and Cultural Anthropology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A society is a community of people who share a common culture, including values, beliefs, and social norms.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse a society with a subculture, which is a smaller group within a larger society that has distinct cultural traits.

Explanations: A society is defined as a community of people who share a common culture, including values, beliefs, and social norms. This aligns with the description provided in the question, making "Society" the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: A crowd is a large group of people gathered together in one place, but it does not necessarily share a common culture.
Option B: A subculture is a smaller group within a larger society that has distinct cultural traits, but it does not encompass the entire community described in the question.
Option C: A society is a community of people who share a common culture, which matches the description in the question.
Option D: This option is not applicable as one of the other options correctly defines the term.

419. Thesis-antithesis is associated with .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Marxism.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Political Science exams, Philosophy exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Thesis-antithesis is a concept associated with dialectical materialism, a key component of Marxist theory.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse thesis-antithesis with other philosophical or sociological concepts, such as structural functionalism or feminist theory.

Explanations: Thesis-antithesis is a fundamental concept in Marxist theory, where it describes the process of societal change. The thesis represents the existing social conditions, the antithesis represents the opposing forces that challenge these conditions, and the synthesis is the new social order that emerges from the conflict. This dialectical process is central to understanding historical materialism and the evolution of class structures in Marxist thought.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Thesis-antithesis is a core concept in Marxist theory.
Option B: Incorrect. Structural functionalism does not use the thesis-antithesis framework.
Option C: Incorrect. Feminism, while it may critique societal structures, does not primarily use the thesis-antithesis framework.
Option D: Incorrect. The correct association is with Marxism.

420. The social world is.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Changing.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, LSAT, UPSC

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The social world is characterized by constant change due to evolving social norms, technological advancements, and shifting cultural values.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe the social world is stagnant because they may not be aware of the rapid changes occurring in society.

Explanations: The social world is dynamic and constantly evolving. Social norms, cultural values, and technological advancements are continually changing, influencing how people interact and live. Therefore, the social world is not stagnant but is in a state of flux.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because the social world is not stagnant; it is in a state of constant change.
Option B: Correct because the social world is characterized by constant change.
Option C: Incorrect because the social world cannot be both stagnant and changing simultaneously.
Option D: Incorrect because the correct answer is provided in the options.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 42”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 42”

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