sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

421. Who coined the phrase of 'Collective Bargaining'?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Sydney and Beatrice Webb.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, Civil Services, IAS, Competitive Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The phrase 'Collective Bargaining' was coined by Sydney and Beatrice Webb, who were influential British economists and sociologists.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the origin of the term with other influential figures in labor history, such as Karl Marx or Adam Smith.

Explanations: Sydney and Beatrice Webb were pioneers in the field of industrial relations and labor economics. They introduced the concept of 'Collective Bargaining' in their work, which refers to the process of negotiation between employers and a group of employees aimed at agreements to regulate working salaries, working conditions, benefits, and other aspects of workers' compensation and rights. Their contributions to labor theory and practice are well-documented, making them the correct attribution for the term.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were influential in the development of Marxist theory but did not coin the term 'Collective Bargaining'.
Option B: Symond and Betty Wilson are not recognized for coining the term 'Collective Bargaining'.
Option C: Adam Smith and Karl Marx are both influential figures in economics but did not coin the term 'Collective Bargaining'.
Option D: Sydney and Beatrice Webb are the correct attribution for coining the term 'Collective Bargaining'.

Mnemonic: Webb's Work: W for Webbs, W for Work

422. The process whereby the helpless human infant gradually becomes a self-aware, knowledgeable person, skilled in the ways of the culture into which he or she was born is known as

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Socialization.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, Sociology Exams, Social Work Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Socialization is the process by which individuals learn the norms, values, behaviors, and skills necessary to function within their society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse socialization with re-socialization, which refers to the process of learning new norms and values when an individual's original socialization is no longer adequate.

Explanations: Socialization is the process through which a human infant develops into a self-aware, knowledgeable person skilled in the ways of their culture. This process involves learning the norms, values, and behaviors of the society into which the individual is born. The other options do not accurately describe this developmental process.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Re-socialization refers to the process of learning new norms and values when an individual's original socialization is no longer adequate, which is not the process described in the question.
Option B: Social position refers to the status or rank of an individual within a social hierarchy, which is not related to the developmental process described.
Option C: Socialization is the correct term for the process of learning the norms, values, and behaviors necessary to function within a society.
Option D: Shared understanding refers to a mutual comprehension of ideas or concepts, which is not the developmental process described in the question.

Mnemonic: SOS: Socialization, Orientation, Skills

423. When you add up all the economic resources a person has, such as her savings, home, personal property, etc., you have determined that person's

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Wealth.

Exam Relevance: AP Economics, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Wealth refers to the total value of a person's economic resources, including savings, property, and other assets.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse wealth with power or prestige, which are not directly related to economic resources.

Explanations: Wealth is defined as the total value of a person's economic resources, such as savings, home, and personal property. This aligns with the concept of adding up all economic resources to determine a person's wealth.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Caste is a social stratification system and not related to economic resources.
Option B: Power refers to the ability to influence others and is not directly related to economic resources.
Option C: Wealth is the correct term for the total value of a person's economic resources.
Option D: Prestige is a measure of social status and is not directly related to economic resources.

Mnemonic: W - Wealth, W - Worth, W - Wallet

424. According to sociology invention, discovery, and diffusion all generate

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Cultural change.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In sociology, invention, discovery, and diffusion are processes that lead to cultural change. These processes introduce new elements or modify existing ones within a culture, thereby altering cultural traits and patterns.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse cultural change with cultural reproduction, thinking that these processes merely replicate existing cultural traits rather than altering them.

Explanations: Invention, discovery, and diffusion are mechanisms that introduce new ideas, technologies, or practices into a culture. These new elements can alter existing cultural traits, leading to cultural change. For example, the invention of the internet has changed communication patterns and social interactions, demonstrating how invention can lead to cultural change. Similarly, the discovery of new knowledge or the diffusion of cultural practices from one society to another can also result in significant modifications to cultural traits and patterns.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Cultural traits are specific elements of culture, but they are not the result of invention, discovery, and diffusion. These processes lead to changes in cultural traits, not the traits themselves.
Option B: Cultural reproduction involves the transmission of existing cultural traits from one generation to another, not the introduction of new elements that lead to change.
Option C: Cultural change is the correct answer because invention, discovery, and diffusion introduce new elements or modify existing ones, leading to changes in cultural traits and patterns.
Option D: Culture patterns refer to the organized and consistent ways in which cultural traits are structured, but they are not the direct result of invention, discovery, and diffusion.

425. In Karl Marx's view, a worker who identifies with the wealthy and believes that she can achieve great wealth through hard work is likely to have developed a

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) False consciousness.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Political Science exams, Philosophy exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: False consciousness refers to the phenomenon where individuals adopt beliefs and values that are not in their own best interest, often due to the influence of the dominant class.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse false consciousness with class consciousness, which is the awareness of one's own class interests and the struggle against the ruling class.

Explanations: According to Karl Marx, false consciousness occurs when a worker identifies with the wealthy and believes that they can achieve great wealth through hard work. This belief is a misperception because it does not reflect the true economic and social conditions that prevent most workers from achieving significant wealth. This misperception aligns with the concept of false consciousness, as it is a distorted view of reality that serves the interests of the ruling class.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Bourgeoisie consciousness refers to the consciousness of the ruling class, not the working class.
Option B: Class consciousness is the awareness of one's own class interests and the struggle against the ruling class, which is the opposite of false consciousness.
Option C: False consciousness is the correct term for the misperception of reality that aligns with the interests of the ruling class.
Option D: Caste consciousness is not a term used by Marx and does not apply to the context of class struggle.

426. A person is able to practice his/her own culture while learning a new culture and interact with it, but does not have to give up his/her own culture.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Acculturation.

Exam Relevance: Anthropology exams, Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Acculturation refers to the process where individuals from one culture adopt aspects of another culture while retaining their own cultural identity.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse acculturation with assimilation, where individuals fully adopt the new culture and abandon their original culture.

Explanations: Acculturation allows individuals to maintain their original cultural practices and beliefs while also integrating new cultural elements. This process is characterized by a two-way exchange of cultural traits, where the individual's original culture is not completely abandoned. The described scenario fits the definition of acculturation, as the person is able to practice their own culture while learning and interacting with a new culture.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Melting Pot Theory suggests a complete blending of cultures, leading to a new homogeneous culture, which does not align with the scenario described.
Option B: Acculturation is the correct choice as it involves the adoption of new cultural elements while retaining one's original culture.
Option C: Assimilation involves the complete adoption of a new culture, leading to the abandonment of the original culture, which does not match the scenario.
Option D: Cultural Pluralism refers to the coexistence of multiple distinct cultures within a society, without the individual-level interaction and learning described in the scenario.

Mnemonic: A - Adopt and Adapt

427. The teenage birthrate.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Has declined in the past several years.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, AP Psychology, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The teenage birthrate refers to the number of births per 1,000 females aged 15-19. Trends in this rate are important for public health and social policy.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that the teenage birthrate has increased due to recent media coverage of individual cases or isolated incidents.

Explanations: The teenage birthrate has indeed declined in the past several years. This trend is supported by data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other health organizations, which show a consistent decrease in teenage birthrates over the past decade. This decline can be attributed to various factors, including increased use of contraception, improved sex education, and societal changes.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is incorrect because the teenage birthrate has not soared in the past two years. In fact, it has continued to decline.
Option B: This option is correct as the teenage birthrate has shown a consistent decline over the past several years.
Option C: This option is incorrect because the teenage birthrate is not highest among white teenagers. Data shows that it is higher among other racial and ethnic groups.
Option D: This option is incorrect because the correct answer is provided in option B.

428. The state of balance between cooperation and conflict, you give a little and take a little is called .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Accommodation.

Exam Relevance: Organizational Behavior, Psychology, Sociology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Accommodation refers to a state of balance where both parties in a relationship or interaction give and take, leading to a compromise.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse accommodation with cooperation, which involves working together towards a common goal without necessarily compromising.

Explanations: Accommodation is the correct answer because it describes a situation where both parties make concessions to reach a balanced state. This involves giving a little and taking a little, which aligns with the description provided in the question.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Cooperation involves working together towards a common goal, but does not necessarily imply a state of balance through mutual concessions.
Option B: Accommodation correctly describes the state of balance where both parties give and take, leading to a compromise.
Option C: Role expectations refer to the behaviors and actions that are expected of individuals in specific roles, which is not related to the concept of balance through mutual concessions.
Option D: Exchange typically refers to a transaction where something is given in return for something else, but does not necessarily imply a balanced state through mutual concessions.

Mnemonic: A: Accommodation - A balanced give and take.

429. In our .....class, we learned that this cousre has its own perspective, never focusing only the individual but the social group as a whole.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Sociology.

Exam Relevance: GRE, MCAT, Sociology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Sociology is the study of society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture. It focuses on the social group as a whole rather than just the individual.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse sociology with psychology, which focuses more on individual behavior and mental processes.

Explanations: Sociology examines the social structures and institutions that shape human behavior and interactions within groups. The course described in the question emphasizes a perspective that looks at the social group as a whole, which aligns with the core principles of sociology.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It does not focus on social groups as a whole.
Option B: Social anthropology is the study of human societies and cultures, particularly those of non-Western societies. While it does focus on social groups, it is more specific to cultural aspects and may not encompass the broader social structures studied in sociology.
Option C: Socialism is an economic and political system characterized by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production. It is not a field of study but a political ideology.
Option D: Sociology is the study of society, social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture. It focuses on the social group as a whole, which matches the description in the question.

Mnemonic: Sociology: Study of Society

430. Sociology is more interested in .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) The sources of human behavior.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, GRE Subject Test in Sociology, Sociology entrance exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Sociology is a social science that studies society, social behavior, and the sources of human behavior. It focuses on understanding the social structures, institutions, and processes that shape human behavior.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that sociology is primarily concerned with individual perspectives rather than the broader social context and sources of behavior.

Explanations: Sociology is more interested in the sources of human behavior because it seeks to understand the social factors that influence and shape human actions. This includes examining social structures, cultural norms, and societal institutions that impact individual and collective behavior. By focusing on these sources, sociology aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of why people behave the way they do within a social context.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Sociology does not primarily focus on personal perspectives, but rather on the broader social context and influences on behavior.
Option B: This is correct because sociology aims to understand the sources of human behavior, including social structures and cultural norms.
Option C: This is incorrect because sociology is not equally interested in personal perspectives and the sources of human behavior; it focuses more on the latter.
Option D: This is incorrect because sociology is indeed interested in the sources of human behavior.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 43”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 43”

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