sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

491. In a sense xenocentrism is a reverse form of.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Ethnocentrism.

Exam Relevance: Anthropology exams, Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Ethnocentrism is the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own culture. Xenocentrism, on the other hand, is the preference for or belief in the superiority of foreign or alien cultures. Thus, xenocentrism can be seen as a reverse form of ethnocentrism.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse xenocentrism with cultural relativism, which is the practice of not judging a culture by the standards of one's own culture.

Explanations: Ethnocentrism involves the belief that one's own culture is superior to others. Xenocentrism, conversely, involves the belief that foreign cultures are superior to one's own. Therefore, xenocentrism is a reverse form of ethnocentrism because it places value on foreign cultures over one's own, whereas ethnocentrism does the opposite.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Cultural integration involves blending different cultures, which is not a reverse form of ethnocentrism.
Option B: Cultural relativism involves understanding and respecting other cultures without judgment, which is not a reverse form of ethnocentrism.
Option C: Ethnocentrism is the belief in the superiority of one's own culture, making xenocentrism its reverse form.
Option D: Culture shock is the difficulty in adjusting to a new cultural environment, which is not a reverse form of ethnocentrism.

Mnemonic: E for Ethnocentrism, X for Xenocentrism: E to X, reverse belief.

492. Which of the following statements is false?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Schools help maintain deviant behavior in society.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Social and Cultural Anthropology, High School Social Studies

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Schools are generally seen as institutions that transmit knowledge, culture, and social norms, helping individuals integrate into society. The idea that schools maintain deviant behavior is not a widely accepted function of schools.

Common Mistakes: Students might mistakenly believe that schools can contribute to deviant behavior due to peer influence or other social factors, but this is not an official or primary function of schools.

Explanations: Schools are designed to share societal knowledge, transmit cultural values, and help individuals become integrated members of society. The notion that schools maintain deviant behavior is not a recognized function of schools. Therefore, the statement that schools help maintain deviant behavior in society is false.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This is true as schools are institutions that share societal knowledge.
Option B: This is true as schools transmit cultural values and norms.
Option C: This is false as maintaining deviant behavior is not a recognized function of schools.
Option D: This is true as schools help individuals integrate into society.

493. Sociolology is a science because it isI. empiricalII. objective III. subjectiveIV. value free

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) I, II and IV only.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, GRE Subject Test in Sociology, Sociology PhD entrance exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Sociology is considered a science because it relies on empirical evidence, maintains objectivity, and aims to be value-free in its research methods and findings.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that sociology is subjective, as it deals with human behavior and social interactions, which can appear to be subjective.

Explanations: Sociology is a science because it is empirical, meaning it relies on systematic observation and data collection. It is also objective, as it seeks to understand social phenomena without personal bias. Additionally, sociology aims to be value-free, meaning researchers strive to avoid letting their personal values influence their research. Subjectivity (III) is not a characteristic of a scientific approach, as it introduces personal bias, which contradicts the objective nature of scientific inquiry.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is incorrect because it omits the objective nature of sociology, which is a key characteristic of a scientific approach.
Option B: This option is incorrect because it includes subjectivity, which is not a characteristic of a scientific approach.
Option C: This option is correct because it includes the empirical, objective, and value-free nature of sociology, which aligns with the scientific method.
Option D: This option is incorrect because it includes subjectivity, which is not a characteristic of a scientific approach.

Mnemonic: E-O-V: Empirical, Objective, Value-free

494. Web of social relationships that join a person to other people

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Social network.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Psychology exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A social network is a web of social relationships that connects individuals to other people through various interactions and connections.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse social networks with informal organizations, which are more about the unwritten rules and norms within a formal structure.

Explanations: A social network refers to the interconnected web of relationships that link individuals to other people. This concept encompasses the various connections and interactions that individuals have with others, forming a complex web of social ties. The term "social network" accurately describes the web of social relationships that join a person to other people, making it the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: An informal organization refers to the unwritten rules and norms that exist within a formal organizational structure, not the web of social relationships.
Option B: A social aggregate is a collection of individuals who happen to be in the same place at the same time but do not necessarily have any social connections.
Option C: A secondary group is a type of social group characterized by impersonal, goal-oriented relationships, not the web of social relationships.
Option D: A social network is the correct term for the web of social relationships that join a person to other people.

495. A system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Social Stratification.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Sociology, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Social Stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups within a society based on factors such as wealth, power, and prestige.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Social Stratification with the Caste System or Class System, which are specific forms of stratification rather than the overarching concept.

Explanations: Social Stratification is the broad concept that encompasses the ranking of categories of people in a hierarchy. It is a fundamental sociological concept that describes how societies organize themselves into different levels or strata. The other options, such as the Caste System, Class System, and Meritocracy, are specific types of social stratification but do not encompass the broader concept.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The Caste System is a specific form of social stratification where social status is determined by birth and is rigidly maintained. It is not the overarching concept of social stratification.
Option B: The Class System is another form of social stratification based on economic status and social mobility. It is a specific type rather than the overarching concept.
Option C: Meritocracy is a system where social status is based on individual abilities and achievements. It is a specific form of social stratification rather than the overarching concept.
Option D: Social Stratification is the overarching concept that includes various forms of hierarchical social organization, such as caste, class, and meritocracy.

496. When researchers use data from only people of one sex to support conclusions about both sexes is

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Overgeneralising.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, GRE, MCAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Overgeneralising occurs when conclusions are drawn that extend beyond the data available, particularly when data from a limited sample (such as one sex) is used to make claims about a broader population (both sexes).

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse overgeneralising with other biases like gender blindness, which involves ignoring gender differences rather than extending findings beyond the sample.

Explanations: Overgeneralising is the correct term because it describes the practice of extending findings from a limited sample (in this case, one sex) to a broader population (both sexes). This practice is problematic because it assumes that the results from one group can be applied to another without considering potential differences.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Gender blindness refers to ignoring gender differences, not extending findings beyond the sample.
Option B: Overgeneralising is the correct term for extending findings from a limited sample to a broader population.
Option C: A double standard involves applying different criteria to different groups, not extending findings beyond the sample.
Option D: Interference refers to the influence of one set of information on another, not extending findings beyond the sample.

497. Norms that describe socially acceptable behavior but do not have great moral significance attached to them.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Folkways.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Folkways are norms that describe socially acceptable behavior but do not carry significant moral weight.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse folkways with mores, which are norms that have strong moral significance.

Explanations: Folkways are social norms that guide everyday behavior and are expected to be followed, but they do not have great moral significance. Violations of folkways are generally met with social disapproval rather than severe moral condemnation. This makes folkways distinct from mores, which are norms that are considered essential to the functioning of society and carry significant moral weight.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Values are broader principles that guide behavior and are not limited to socially acceptable behavior alone.
Option B: Laws are formal rules enforced by the state and carry legal consequences, not just social disapproval.
Option C: Folkways are norms that describe socially acceptable behavior but do not have great moral significance attached to them.
Option D: Mores are norms that have significant moral significance and are considered essential to the functioning of society.

Mnemonic: Folkways: Friendly, not fierce.

498. The statement that "the social relations of work find expression in the social relation of school " reflects.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) The correspondence principle.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Education Policy exams, Social Theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The correspondence principle suggests that the structure and organization of schools reflect the social and economic structures of the society in which they exist.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the correspondence principle with the hidden curriculum, which refers to the implicit, unofficial, and often unintended lessons, values, and perspectives that students learn in school.

Explanations: The statement "the social relations of work find expression in the social relation of school" aligns with the correspondence principle. This principle posits that the hierarchical and competitive structures of the workplace are mirrored in the educational system, reflecting broader societal values and power dynamics. The social relations of work, such as authority, division of labor, and hierarchy, are thus expressed in the social relations within schools.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The correspondence principle correctly reflects the idea that the social relations of work are mirrored in the social relations of school.
Option B: Credentialism refers to the belief that formal qualifications are necessary for social mobility and success, which is not directly related to the social relations of work and school.
Option C: The hidden curriculum refers to the implicit lessons learned in school, not the explicit mirroring of social relations.
Option D: Structural dyspepsia is not a recognized sociological concept and is not relevant to the question.

499. The most common master statuses are based on what?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Gender and race.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Master statuses are the most significant social categories that define a person's place in society. They are often the first things people notice about each other and can influence how others perceive and interact with them.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that class and income are the most common master statuses, as they are often discussed in social stratification contexts.

Explanations: Gender and race are considered the most common master statuses because they are immediately apparent and often influence social interactions and perceptions. These characteristics are typically noticed first and can shape how individuals are treated and perceived in society.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Gender and race are the most common master statuses because they are immediately noticeable and influence social interactions.
Option B: Class and income are important social categories but are not as immediately noticeable as gender and race.
Option C: Education and occupation are significant but are not as immediately apparent as gender and race.
Option D: Family and peer groups are important social contexts but are not as immediately noticeable as gender and race.

Mnemonic: GR for Gender and Race

500. Studies other than Mead's show that.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) In most cultures males are more aggressive than females.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, Undergraduate Psychology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The correct answer is based on the findings from various studies that suggest a consistent pattern of higher aggression in males compared to females across different cultures.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that aggression is entirely socially learned or that there is no pattern to aggressive behavior in either males or females.

Explanations: Studies other than Mead's have shown that in most cultures, males tend to exhibit more aggressive behavior than females. This pattern is observed across different societies, indicating a consistent trend that is not solely dependent on social learning. While social factors play a role, biological differences also contribute to this pattern of behavior.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option correctly reflects the findings of various studies that show males are more aggressive than females in most cultures.
Option B: This option is incorrect because studies have found a pattern in aggressive behavior, with males generally being more aggressive.
Option C: This option is incorrect because biology does play a role in sex role behavior, including aggression.
Option D: This option is incorrect because aggression is not strictly socially learned; biological factors also contribute to aggressive behavior.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 50”

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 50”

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