sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

501. Societies want a sense of stability and harmony

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Functionalism.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Social Theory Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Functionalism is a sociological perspective that emphasizes the stability and harmony of society by focusing on how different parts of society work together to maintain social order.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse functionalism with conflict theory, which focuses on the struggle between different social groups rather than stability and harmony.

Explanations: Functionalism posits that societies strive for stability and harmony by ensuring that all parts of society work together effectively. This perspective views social institutions and structures as functional for maintaining social order and equilibrium. Therefore, the statement "Societies want a sense of stability and harmony" aligns with the core principles of functionalism.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Functionalism correctly aligns with the idea of societal stability and harmony.
Option B: Conflict theory focuses on social inequalities and power struggles, not stability and harmony.
Option C: Symbolic Interactionism focuses on the meanings individuals derive from social interactions, not societal stability.
Option D: This option is not applicable as the correct answer is provided.

502. Summer months see an increase in swimsuit sales and an increase in hurricanes. What kind of relationship is this

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Correlation.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Correlation refers to a relationship between two variables where they tend to change together, but one does not necessarily cause the other.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse correlation with causation, assuming that because two events occur together, one must cause the other.

Explanations: The relationship between swimsuit sales and hurricanes is an example of correlation because both increase during the summer months, but one does not cause the other. Swimsuit sales increase due to warmer weather, and hurricanes are more frequent in summer due to climatic conditions. This relationship does not imply causation, as the increase in swimsuit sales does not cause hurricanes, nor do hurricanes cause an increase in swimsuit sales.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because causation implies that one event directly causes the other, which is not the case here.
Option B: Correct because correlation indicates a relationship where two variables change together without implying causation.
Option C: Incorrect because the relationship is not causation, only correlation.
Option D: Incorrect because the relationship is indeed a correlation.

503. Concept of homogeneous was given by

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Spencer.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Undergraduate Sociology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Herbert Spencer introduced the concept of homogeneity in sociology, which refers to the degree to which members of a society are similar in terms of values, beliefs, and social characteristics.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse Herbert Spencer with other sociologists like Weber, Durkheim, or Simmel, who also contributed significantly to sociological theory but did not specifically introduce the concept of homogeneity.

Explanations: Herbert Spencer, a 19th-century sociologist, introduced the concept of homogeneity in his work. He argued that societies with high homogeneity, where members share similar values and beliefs, tend to be more stable and cohesive. This concept is foundational in understanding social cohesion and the structure of societies.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Herbert Spencer introduced the concept of homogeneity in sociology.
Option B: Incorrect. Max Weber is known for his work on bureaucracy and rationalization, not the concept of homogeneity.
Option C: Incorrect. Georg Simmel is known for his contributions to social interaction and urban sociology, not the concept of homogeneity.
Option D: Incorrect. Émile Durkheim is known for his work on social solidarity and anomie, not the concept of homogeneity.

Mnemonic: S-Hom: Spencer-Homogeneity

504. This type of tourist arranges his trip by himself and looks for comfortable accommodations and reliable means of transportation

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Explorer.

Exam Relevance: TOEFL, IELTS, GRE, GMAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: An explorer is a type of tourist who plans their trip independently, seeking comfortable accommodations and reliable transportation.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the explorer with the individual mass tourist, who also travels independently but may not prioritize comfort and reliability as much.

Explanations: The explorer is characterized by their independent planning and the pursuit of comfortable accommodations and reliable transportation. This aligns with the description given in the question, making the explorer the correct choice.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Organized Mass Tourist typically travels with a group and relies on pre-arranged itineraries and accommodations.
Option B: Individual Mass Tourist travels alone but may not prioritize comfort and reliability as much as an explorer does.
Option C: Explorer fits the description of arranging the trip independently and seeking comfortable accommodations and reliable transportation.
Option D: Drifter is more likely to travel spontaneously without a fixed plan or concern for comfort and reliability.

Mnemonic: E for Explorer, E for Effort in planning.

505. Functionalist Émile Durkheim viewed society as:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) An organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Undergraduate Sociology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Émile Durkheim, a key figure in functionalist sociology, viewed society as an organism where each part contributes to the stability and health of the whole.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Durkheim's functionalist perspective with other sociological theories, such as conflict theory, which focuses on class struggle.

Explanations: Durkheim's functionalist perspective emphasizes the interdependence of social institutions and their roles in maintaining social order. He believed that each part of society, like organs in a body, has a specific function that contributes to the overall stability and health of the society. This organic analogy underscores the idea that societal functions are interconnected and necessary for the survival and well-being of the whole.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option incorrectly suggests a society composed of educated and uneducated individuals on an even playing field, which does not align with Durkheim's functionalist view.
Option B: This option incorrectly describes a society divided by education, kinship, and religion, which is more aligned with conflict theory rather than functionalism.
Option C: This option incorrectly describes a society in need of social revolutions to correct class inequality, which is a perspective more aligned with conflict theory.
Option D: This option correctly reflects Durkheim's functionalist view of society as an organism where each part plays a vital role in maintaining stability and health.

Mnemonic: Organic Society, Stable Health

506. Postmodernism rejects which of the following metanarratives?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) All metanarratives are rejected.

Exam Relevance: Philosophy exams, Cultural Studies exams, Theory of Knowledge exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Postmodernism is a philosophical and cultural movement that critiques and rejects overarching, universal narratives or metanarratives.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that postmodernism only rejects certain specific metanarratives, such as religious or scientific ones, rather than all metanarratives.

Explanations: Postmodernism fundamentally challenges the idea of grand narratives or metanarratives that claim to provide a comprehensive explanation or understanding of reality. It argues that these metanarratives are inherently flawed and oppressive, as they impose a singular, totalizing perspective that excludes alternative viewpoints. Therefore, postmodernism rejects all metanarratives, including those related to science, religion, and other belief systems.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect, as postmodernism does not selectively reject only science or secularism.
Option B: Incorrect, as postmodernism does not selectively reject only Christian metanarratives.
Option C: Incorrect, as postmodernism does not selectively reject only Muslim metanarratives.
Option D: Correct, as postmodernism rejects all metanarratives.

507. According to sociologists Indian culture built on

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Hindu tradition.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, IAS

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Indian culture is deeply rooted in Hindu traditions, which have influenced various aspects of Indian society, including religion, philosophy, art, and social structure.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that Indian culture is predominantly influenced by other religions such as Islam or Buddhism, which also have significant historical presence in India.

Explanations: Hinduism is the oldest and most widely practiced religion in India, with a profound impact on the country's cultural, social, and philosophical landscape. It has shaped Indian traditions, festivals, and social norms over millennia. While other religions like Islam and Buddhism have also influenced Indian culture, Hinduism remains the foundational tradition.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Muslims tradition. This is incorrect as while Islam has a significant presence in India, it is not the foundational tradition of Indian culture.
Option B: Buddhism tradition. Buddhism has historical significance in India, but it is not the primary tradition that defines Indian culture.
Option C: Christen tradition. Christianity has a presence in India, but it is not the foundational tradition of Indian culture.
Option D: Hindu tradition. This is correct as Hinduism is the foundational tradition that has deeply influenced Indian culture.

Mnemonic: H for Hindu, H for Heart of Indian culture.

508. While vacationing in Great Britain an American discover that the British drive on the "Wrong" side of the road are critical of his United States accent and will not accept dollars in stores He feel disoriented and out of place and thus are experiencing.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Culture shock.

Exam Relevance: Anthropology exams, Psychology exams, Sociology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Culture shock refers to the disorientation and discomfort experienced when a person is suddenly exposed to an unfamiliar culture or environment.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse culture shock with xenocentrism, which is the preference for foreign or exotic cultures over one's own.

Explanations: The American vacationing in Great Britain experiences disorientation and discomfort due to differences in driving habits, language, and currency. This aligns with the definition of culture shock, which involves feeling out of place and struggling to adapt to new cultural norms.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Xenocentrism is the preference for foreign cultures, not the discomfort experienced when encountering them.
Option B: The Hawthorne effect refers to changes in behavior due to being observed, not cultural adaptation.
Option C: The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis concerns the influence of language on thought, not cultural disorientation.
Option D: Culture shock is the correct term for the disorientation and discomfort experienced when encountering a new culture.

509. Consider the following Statements: A group is set of people who interact on the basis of shared expectations and who possess some degree of common identity Anticipatory socialization occurs as a person "rehearses" for a new role, occupation, or relationship. Historically, societies have moved through the same changes at the same pace Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Only 1, 2.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The correct answer is based on the definitions and concepts of group dynamics and socialization.

Common Mistakes: Students may incorrectly assume that all societies move through the same changes at the same pace, which is not historically accurate.

Explanations: Statement 1 is true as it correctly defines a group as a set of people who interact based on shared expectations and possess a common identity. Statement 2 is also true, as anticipatory socialization involves rehearsing for a new role, occupation, or relationship. Statement 3 is false because historically, societies have not moved through the same changes at the same pace; different societies have experienced changes at different rates and times.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct, as it includes the true statements 1 and 2.
Option B: Incorrect, as it includes the false statement 3.
Option C: Incorrect, as it includes the false statement 3.
Option D: Incorrect, as it includes the false statement 3 and excludes the true statement 1.

510. Prejudice.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Is an attitude of aversion and hostility toward the members of a group simply because they belong it.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, GRE Psychology, MCAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Prejudice is a preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience. It often involves negative attitudes and feelings toward members of a group.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse prejudice with discrimination, which involves actions based on those negative attitudes.

Explanations: Prejudice is defined as an attitude of aversion and hostility toward the members of a group simply because they belong to it. This definition aligns with the correct answer, as it captures the essence of prejudice as an attitude rather than an action. Prejudice is rooted in negative beliefs and feelings about a group, not necessarily in actions taken against that group.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option incorrectly defines prejudice as hostile behaviors, which is more aligned with discrimination.
Option B: This option correctly defines prejudice as an attitude of aversion and hostility toward a group.
Option C: This option is incorrect because prejudice can exist without discrimination, as it is an attitude rather than an action.
Option D: This option incorrectly defines prejudice as a feeling a minority individual has toward their own minority, which is not the definition of prejudice.

Mnemonic: PRAH - Prejudice, Reason, Aversion, Hostility

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 51”

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 51”

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