sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

511. Which of the following is a position that is earned or chosen?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Achieved status.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Sociology, High School Sociology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Achieved status refers to a position or role that is earned or chosen by an individual through their actions, skills, or accomplishments. Ascribed status, on the other hand, is a position assigned to an individual based on factors such as birth, family background, or other characteristics beyond their control.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse achieved status with ascribed status, thinking that positions assigned at birth or by family background can also be considered achieved.

Explanations: Achieved status is the correct answer because it specifically refers to positions that are earned or chosen by an individual through their own efforts, skills, or accomplishments. This is in contrast to ascribed status, which is assigned based on factors such as birth or family background.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Achieved status is a position that is earned or chosen.
Option B: Incorrect. Ascribed status is a position assigned based on factors beyond an individual's control.
Option C: Incorrect. Only achieved status fits the description of a position that is earned or chosen.
Option D: Incorrect. At least one of the options (A) is correct.

512. Culture change means

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Change in the culture of a society.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, Sociology Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Culture change refers to the modification or transformation of cultural elements within a society over time.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse culture change with changes in social structure or relationships, which are related but distinct concepts.

Explanations: Culture change specifically involves the alteration of cultural norms, values, beliefs, and practices within a society. It is a broad term that encompasses various aspects of a society's cultural framework, not just its social structure or relationships.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Change in social structure refers to the modification of the organization of society, such as changes in class systems or institutions, which is not the same as culture change.
Option B: Change in social relationship involves shifts in the interactions and connections between individuals or groups, which is a component of culture but not the entirety of culture change.
Option C: Change in the culture of a society accurately describes the transformation of cultural elements, including norms, values, and practices.
Option D: None of these is incorrect because option C is the correct definition of culture change.

513. A thing that represents an idea or language

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Symbol.

Exam Relevance: SAT, ACT, AP English Language and Composition

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A symbol is a thing that represents an idea or language.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse symbols with other concepts like culture or instincts, which do not directly represent ideas or language.

Explanations: A symbol is a representation of an idea, concept, or language. It can be a sign, object, or figure that stands for something else, often conveying a deeper meaning or abstract idea. This makes it the correct choice for a thing that represents an idea or language.

Option Analysis:

Option A: More is not a representation of an idea or language.
Option B: Culture is a set of shared beliefs, values, and practices, not a direct representation of an idea or language.
Option C: Instincts are innate behaviors, not representations of ideas or language.
Option D: Symbol is a representation of an idea or language, making it the correct choice.

514. Which of the following best represents the dates of the postmodern era?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) 1940s-present.

Exam Relevance: Art History, Cultural Studies, Philosophy

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The postmodern era is characterized by a rejection of modernist ideas and a focus on deconstruction, irony, and pluralism. It began in the mid-20th century and continues to the present day.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the postmodern era with the modern era, which spans from the late 19th to the mid-20th century.

Explanations: The postmodern era emerged in the 1940s as a reaction to the modernist movement. It is marked by a shift away from the belief in objective truth and progress, and instead embraces ambiguity, diversity, and the questioning of traditional structures and narratives. This era continues to the present, making the correct answer D) 1940s-present.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This period corresponds to the Renaissance, not the postmodern era.
Option B: This period is associated with the Enlightenment and early modernism, not postmodernism.
Option C: This period is part of the modern era, not the postmodern era.
Option D: This period correctly identifies the postmodern era, which began in the 1940s and continues to the present.

515. The two types of scientific variables are ..... and .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Independent and dependent.

Exam Relevance: AP Biology, AP Chemistry, IB Science, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: In scientific experiments, variables are categorized into independent and dependent types.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the terms "independent" and "dependent" with other variable types or terms.

Explanations: Independent variables are the factors that are manipulated or changed by the experimenter to observe their effect. Dependent variables are the outcomes that are measured to see how they respond to changes in the independent variable.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Structured and unstructured are not types of scientific variables.
Option B: Independent and dependent are the correct types of scientific variables.
Option C: Associated and dissociated are not standard terms for scientific variables.
Option D: Relevant and irrelevant do not describe the types of scientific variables.

516. A reduction of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere leads to.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Climate changes.

Exam Relevance: AP Environmental Science, SAT Subject Test in Environmental Science

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The ozone layer in the upper atmosphere plays a crucial role in protecting the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. A reduction in the ozone layer allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface, which can lead to various environmental impacts, including climate changes.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that a reduction in the ozone layer directly leads to greater rainfall or greater crop yields, but these are not the primary effects.

Explanations: The ozone layer absorbs a significant portion of the sun's ultraviolet radiation, which is harmful to living organisms. When the ozone layer is depleted, more UV radiation reaches the Earth's surface. This increased UV radiation can affect various aspects of the environment, including temperature patterns, weather systems, and overall climate. Therefore, a reduction in the ozone layer can lead to climate changes.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Greater rainfall is not a direct consequence of ozone layer depletion.
Option B: Greater crop yields are not a direct consequence of ozone layer depletion; in fact, increased UV radiation can harm crops.
Option C: Climate changes are a direct consequence of ozone layer depletion due to increased UV radiation.
Option D: Fluorochlorocarbon production is a cause of ozone depletion, not a consequence.

Mnemonic: Ozone Out, Climate Changes

517. Authority that arises from the personaility of an individual

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Charismatic authority.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Political Science exams, Management exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Charismatic authority is a form of leadership that arises from the unique personal qualities or appeal of an individual.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse charismatic authority with traditional authority, which is based on long-standing customs and beliefs.

Explanations: Charismatic authority is derived from the personality and exceptional qualities of an individual, which inspire devotion and obedience from followers. This type of authority is not based on established rules or customs, but rather on the personal魅力和吸引力。因此，正确答案是基于个人魅力的权威，即魅力型权威。

Option Analysis:

Option A: Power elite refers to a small group of people who hold a disproportionate amount of power and influence in society, not related to personal charisma.
Option B: Rational-legal authority is based on a system of rules and laws, not on personal qualities.
Option C: Traditional authority is based on long-standing customs and beliefs, not on the personal qualities of an individual.
Option D: Charismatic authority is based on the unique personal qualities and appeal of an individual, which fits the description given in the question.

518. View that society is best understood in terms of unequal power relations between men and women.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Feminism.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Gender Studies exams, Social Theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Feminism is a social theory that examines society through the lens of gender inequality and power dynamics between men and women.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse feminism with other sociological theories such as functionalism or Marxism, which focus on different aspects of social structure and inequality.

Explanations: Feminism specifically views society in terms of unequal power relations between men and women. This perspective emphasizes the ways in which gender roles, norms, and institutions perpetuate and maintain these power imbalances. Feminist theory critiques patriarchal structures and seeks to understand and address gender-based inequalities.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Functionalism focuses on how different parts of society work together to maintain stability and order, not specifically on gender power relations.
Option B: Marxism examines society through the lens of class conflict and economic relations, not gender power dynamics.
Option C: Feminism views society in terms of unequal power relations between men and women, making it the correct answer.
Option D: Interactionism focuses on the meanings individuals derive from social interactions, not on gender power relations.

Mnemonic: Feminism: Focus on Gender Power

519. The following are areas or interests of sociology, EXCEPT

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Human's historical past.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, GRE Subject Test in Sociology, Sociology entrance exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Sociology focuses on the study of human societies, social structures, and cultural practices. It does not primarily focus on historical events or the past.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that sociology includes the study of human history, as historical context can be relevant to understanding social structures and cultural practices.

Explanations: Sociology is concerned with the study of social structures, cultural practices, and the diversity of people and societies. While historical context can be relevant, the primary focus is on contemporary social phenomena. Therefore, the study of human's historical past is not a core area of sociology.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Diversity of people and societies is a core area of sociology, as it examines the variations in social structures and cultural practices across different groups.
Option B: Social structures are a fundamental concept in sociology, as they refer to the patterns of social relationships and institutions that shape human behavior.
Option C: Customs and traditions are part of cultural practices, which are studied in sociology to understand how they influence social behavior and societal norms.
Option D: Human's historical past is not a primary focus of sociology, as the discipline is more concerned with contemporary social phenomena and structures.

520. The terms "Primary"and "Secondary"thus describe a type of relationship and do not imply that one is more..... than other.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Important.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, LSAT, MCAT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The terms "Primary" and "Secondary" describe the type of relationship between entities, not their relative importance.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that "Primary" implies greater importance than "Secondary."

Explanations: The terms "Primary" and "Secondary" are used to describe different types of relationships or roles. They do not indicate that one is more important than the other. Therefore, the correct answer is that these terms do not imply a difference in importance.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The terms do not imply formality.
Option B: The terms do not imply informality.
Option C: The terms do not imply importance.
Option D: This option is incorrect as the correct answer is provided.

Mnemonic: Primary-Secondary, Not Important

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 52”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 52”

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