sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

531. The actual conduct involved in carrying out a role

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Role performance.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Role performance refers to the actual conduct involved in carrying out a role.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse role performance with role conflict or role strain, which involve difficulties in fulfilling a role rather than the actual actions taken.

Explanations: Role performance is the correct answer because it specifically refers to the actions and behaviors that an individual exhibits while fulfilling a particular role. It encompasses the actual conduct and activities involved in carrying out the responsibilities and expectations associated with a role. This concept is distinct from social interaction, which involves the exchange of information and behaviors between individuals, and from role conflict and role strain, which refer to the difficulties and stress experienced when fulfilling a role.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Role performance is the actual conduct involved in carrying out a role.
Option B: Incorrect. Social interaction involves the exchange of information and behaviors between individuals, not the actual conduct of a role.
Option C: Incorrect. Role conflict refers to the difficulties experienced when fulfilling a role, not the actual conduct involved.
Option D: Incorrect. Role strain refers to the stress experienced when fulfilling a role, not the actual conduct involved.

532. The Constitution of India allows afirmative action through ..... in education and employment.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Reservation.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, SSC, CLAT, Banking Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The Constitution of India allows affirmative action through reservation in education and employment to uplift historically disadvantaged groups.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse reservation with discrimination, which is not the case as reservation aims to provide opportunities rather than exclude.

Explanations: The Constitution of India permits affirmative action through reservation in education and employment. This is a form of positive discrimination aimed at providing opportunities to historically disadvantaged groups. Reservation is a constitutional provision that ensures representation and access to education and jobs for certain communities.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Reservation is the correct term used in the Constitution for affirmative action.
Option B: Discrimination is not the correct term as it implies exclusion, which is not the intent of the Constitution's provisions.
Option C: Integration refers to the process of bringing together different groups, not affirmative action.
Option D: None of the above is incorrect as reservation is a valid and constitutional provision.

Mnemonic: R-E-S-E-R-V-A-T-I-O-N: Remember Equality through Social Reservation and Affirmative Action.

533. We evaluate ourselves based on others reactions is which level of the looking-glass self?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Level 3.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The looking-glass self is a sociological concept that describes how individuals form their self-concept based on how they believe others perceive them. It consists of three levels: imagining how we appear to others, imagining their judgments of us, and developing feelings about ourselves based on these judgments.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the levels of the looking-glass self, particularly mistaking the first level (imagining how we appear to others) with the third level (developing feelings about ourselves based on others' judgments).

Explanations: The third level of the looking-glass self involves evaluating ourselves based on others' reactions. This is where we develop feelings about ourselves based on the judgments we imagine others have of us. This aligns with the claimed correct answer, Level 3.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because Level 2 involves imagining how others judge us, not evaluating ourselves based on their reactions.
Option B: Incorrect because Level 1 involves imagining how we appear to others, not evaluating ourselves based on their reactions.
Option C: Correct because Level 3 involves evaluating ourselves based on others' reactions, which is the focus of the question.
Option D: Incorrect because the correct answer is explicitly stated as Level 3.

534. ..... are the set of behaviors found to be acceptable by society.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Social Norms.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Psychology exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Social norms are the accepted standards of behavior within a society or group.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse social norms with deviant behavior or sanctions.

Explanations: Social norms are the set of behaviors that are considered acceptable by society. They guide individuals on how to behave in various social situations. Deviants are those who violate these norms, and sanctions are the consequences for not following the norms. Therefore, the correct answer is social norms.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Deviants are individuals who violate social norms, not the norms themselves.
Option B: Social norms are the set of behaviors found to be acceptable by society.
Option C: Sanctions are the consequences for not following social norms, not the norms themselves.
Option D: This option is incorrect as the correct answer is provided in the options.

535. Interested in social darwinism

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Spencer.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, History of Social Thought exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Herbert Spencer was a prominent figure in the development of social Darwinism, which applies the principles of natural selection to social structures and human societies.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Herbert Spencer with other social theorists of the same era, such as Auguste Comte, who focused more on positivism.

Explanations: Herbert Spencer is known for his work on social Darwinism, which extends the principles of Darwinian evolution to social and cultural contexts. He argued that societies evolve through a process of natural selection, where the fittest individuals and groups survive and thrive. This aligns with the core principles of social Darwinism, making Spencer the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Auguste Comte is known for positivism, not social Darwinism.
Option B: Herbert Spencer is correctly associated with social Darwinism.
Option C: Max Weber focused on the sociology of religion and rationalization, not social Darwinism.
Option D: Émile Durkheim's work centered on social facts and the division of labor, not social Darwinism.

Mnemonic: S-P-D: Spencer, Positivism, Darwinism

536. African American educator and social activist

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) W.E.B. Dubois.

Exam Relevance: AP US History, SAT Subject Tests, High School History Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: W.E.B. Du Bois was a prominent African American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, and Pan-Africanist. He was a key figure in the early 20th century civil rights movement and co-founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse W.E.B. Du Bois with other influential figures in African American history, such as Booker T. Washington or Martin Luther King Jr.

Explanations: W.E.B. Du Bois was a significant African American educator and social activist. He was a leading intellectual and advocate for civil rights, emphasizing the importance of education and social reform. His work included founding the NAACP and advocating for the rights of African Americans through his writings and activism.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Karl Marx was a German philosopher and economist, not an African American educator or social activist.
Option B: W.E.B. Du Bois was a prominent African American educator and social activist, making this the correct answer.
Option C: Emile Durkheim was a French sociologist, not an African American educator or social activist.
Option D: Herbert Spencer was an English philosopher and sociologist, not an African American educator or social activist.

537. Which method is only viable within a small community

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Reputational Method.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Community Management exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The reputational method relies on the opinions and perceptions of individuals within a community to evaluate or classify something. It is only viable in a small community where personal relationships and direct interactions are frequent and well-known.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the reputational method with other subjective methods that do not necessarily require a small community for effectiveness.

Explanations: The reputational method is based on the collective opinions and perceptions of individuals within a community. It is only effective in a small community where personal relationships and direct interactions are frequent and well-known. In larger communities, the reputational method becomes less reliable due to the lack of direct interaction and the difficulty in obtaining a comprehensive view of an individual's reputation.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The objective method relies on measurable and quantifiable criteria, which can be applied in both small and large communities.
Option B: The classifying method involves categorizing based on predefined criteria, which can also be applied in both small and large communities.
Option C: The subjective method relies on personal opinions and feelings, which can be applied in both small and large communities.
Option D: The reputational method is based on the collective opinions and perceptions of individuals within a community, making it only viable in a small community where personal relationships and direct interactions are frequent and well-known.

Mnemonic: RPM - Reputation, Personal, Micro-community

538. Which one of the following is NOT an internet crime

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Sending spam emails.

Exam Relevance: CISSP, CISA, CompTIA Security+

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Internet crimes encompass a wide range of illegal activities conducted over the internet. These include identity theft, illegal online trade, and spreading malware. However, sending spam emails, while often considered a nuisance and a violation of email service policies, is not typically classified as a criminal offense unless it involves fraudulent or harmful content.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that all forms of unsolicited communication over the internet are considered internet crimes.

Explanations: Sending spam emails is generally not considered an internet crime unless it involves fraudulent or harmful content. Identity theft, illegal online trade, and spreading malware are all recognized as internet crimes due to their illegal and harmful nature.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Identity theft involves stealing personal information to commit fraud, which is a recognized internet crime.
Option B: Illegal online trade involves the sale of illegal goods or services over the internet, which is a recognized internet crime.
Option C: Sending spam emails is not typically classified as a criminal offense unless it involves fraudulent or harmful content.
Option D: Spreading malware involves distributing harmful software, which is a recognized internet crime.

539. A scattered collection of people who share a common interest or a concern about an issue are a (n).

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Public.

Exam Relevance: SAT, ACT, AP Psychology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The term "public" refers to a scattered collection of people who share a common interest or concern about an issue.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse "public" with "group" or "audience," which are more specific and organized collections of people.

Explanations: The term "public" is used to describe a large, diverse, and scattered group of people who share a common interest or concern. This aligns with the description given in the question, making "public" the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: A group is a more organized and specific collection of people, often with a defined structure or purpose.
Option B: A crowd is a large number of people gathered together in one place, often temporarily.
Option C: A public is a scattered collection of people who share a common interest or concern about an issue.
Option D: An audience is a group of people who gather to watch or listen to a performance or presentation.

Mnemonic: P - Public, People with a common concern.

540. Any pattern of behavior that provides indications about who people are, what groups they belong to, and what their understanding of a situation is.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Social marker.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A social marker is a pattern of behavior that provides indications about an individual's identity, group affiliations, and understanding of a situation.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse social markers with symbols, which are objects or actions that represent something else, or with values, which are principles or standards of behavior.

Explanations: Social markers are behaviors or characteristics that reveal information about a person's identity, such as their social status, cultural background, or group affiliations. They are distinct from symbols, which are used to represent other things, and values, which are principles or standards of behavior. Social markers are directly related to the pattern of behavior that indicates who people are and what groups they belong to.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Social marker is the correct term for a pattern of behavior that provides indications about an individual's identity, group affiliations, and understanding of a situation.
Option B: Subculture refers to a group of people within a larger culture who share distinct values, norms, and behaviors, but it does not specifically describe a pattern of behavior that indicates identity or group affiliation.
Option C: Symbol refers to an object or action that represents something else, which does not align with the definition of a pattern of behavior indicating identity or group affiliation.
Option D: Values are principles or standards of behavior, which do not directly describe a pattern of behavior that indicates identity or group affiliation.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 54”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 54”

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