sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

551. According to Marxism, this term includes all cultural institutions of society (eg. families, the education system etc.)

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Superstructure.

Exam Relevance: Political Science Exams, Sociology Exams, Philosophy Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In Marxist theory, the superstructure refers to the cultural and ideological aspects of society, including institutions like families, education systems, and other social structures.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the superstructure with the infrastructure, which refers to the economic base of society.

Explanations: According to Marxist theory, the superstructure includes all cultural institutions of society, such as families, the education system, and other social structures. These institutions are built upon the economic base (infrastructure) and reflect the dominant ideology of the society. The superstructure is influenced by the economic base but also has a reciprocal effect on it.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Infrastructure refers to the economic base of society, not the cultural institutions.
Option B: Multistructure is not a term used in Marxist theory.
Option C: Superstructure correctly refers to the cultural institutions of society.
Option D: Megastructure is not a term used in Marxist theory.

552. Which of the following is an image of yourself based on what you believe others think of you?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Looking-glass self.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The looking-glass self is a concept in sociology that describes how individuals form their self-concept based on their perception of how others view them.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the looking-glass self with self-concept, which is a broader term for one's overall perception of oneself.

Explanations: The looking-glass self is the image of oneself that is based on what one believes others think of them. This concept involves three stages: imagining how we appear to others, imagining their judgment of that appearance, and developing self-feelings based on that imagined judgment. Therefore, the correct answer is the looking-glass self.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Self-concept is a broader term that encompasses one's overall perception of oneself, not specifically based on others' views.
Option B: Looking-glass self is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the image of oneself based on perceived judgments from others.
Option C: Role taking involves understanding and adopting the perspectives of others, but it does not specifically refer to the image of oneself based on others' views.
Option D: Game stage is not a relevant concept in this context and does not relate to the formation of self-image based on others' perceptions.

553. Which of the following is predicted to be a major influence on cities during the next 50 years?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) The internet.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Geography, SAT Subject Test in World History

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The internet is a major technological advancement that has transformed various aspects of urban life, including communication, commerce, and access to information.

Common Mistakes: Students may overlook the pervasive influence of the internet on urban development and instead focus on more traditional factors like pollution or urban renewal.

Explanations: The internet has become a critical infrastructure in modern cities, influencing how people communicate, work, and access services. It has facilitated the growth of e-commerce, remote work, and digital services, which are increasingly important in urban environments. The internet's role in shaping urban life is expected to continue growing over the next 50 years, making it a significant factor in urban development.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Pollution is a significant issue but is not as transformative as the internet in shaping urban development.
Option B: The internet is a major influence on urban life, affecting communication, commerce, and access to information.
Option C: Urban renewal is important but is more of a localized and historical process compared to the widespread impact of the internet.
Option D: Deindustrialization is a historical trend that has already had its major impact on many cities, whereas the internet is an ongoing and evolving influence.

554. Harriet Martineau : Research Methods .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, History of Social Thought exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Harriet Martineau is known for her pioneering work in sociology and her use of systematic observation and analysis, which aligns with the concept of research methods.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Harriet Martineau's contributions with those of other social theorists or may not recognize the importance of her methodological approach.

Explanations: Harriet Martineau is recognized for her systematic approach to social observation and analysis, which is a form of research methodology. Her work involved investigating and interpreting social phenomena, which aligns with the definition of research methods as investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option correctly describes the research methods used by Harriet Martineau.
Option B: This option describes a branch of social sciences but does not specifically relate to Martineau's research methods.
Option C: This option describes a belief of Martineau's but does not address her research methods.
Option D: This option describes a concept related to social Darwinism, which is not directly related to Martineau's research methods.

555. The people whose judgments are most important to our self-concept

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Significant others.

Exam Relevance: Psychology exams, Sociology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Significant others are individuals who have a substantial impact on our self-concept and self-esteem. They are typically close family members, friends, or mentors whose opinions and judgments we value highly.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse significant others with peer groups, thinking that peers have the most influence on self-concept. However, significant others are usually more influential due to their closer relationships and longer-term impact.

Explanations: Significant others are those individuals who have a profound influence on our self-concept. These are typically people with whom we have close, long-term relationships, such as family members, close friends, or mentors. Their judgments and opinions are highly valued and can significantly shape our self-image and self-esteem. While peer groups and role models can also influence self-concept, the impact of significant others is generally more profound and enduring.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Significant others are the correct answer as they have the most substantial and enduring impact on our self-concept.
Option B: Peer group can influence self-concept, but their impact is generally less significant and more transient compared to significant others.
Option C: Mass media can influence self-concept, but its impact is more indirect and less personal compared to significant others.
Option D: Role models can influence self-concept, but their impact is often less direct and less personal than that of significant others.

556. Denial of equal access based on the law

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) De jure segregation.

Exam Relevance: AP US History, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: De jure segregation refers to the legal or official policies that enforce separation based on race or ethnicity.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse de jure segregation with de facto segregation, which is segregation that occurs by practice or custom rather than by law.

Explanations: De jure segregation is the correct answer because it specifically refers to the denial of equal access based on laws and official policies. This form of segregation is legally mandated and enforced, making it distinct from de facto segregation, which occurs through social and economic practices rather than explicit legal measures.

Option Analysis:

Option A: De jure segregation is the correct answer as it involves legal policies that enforce racial separation.
Option B: De facto segregation refers to segregation that occurs through social and economic practices, not legal mandates.
Option C: Assimilation is the process of adopting the cultural norms of another group, not a form of segregation.
Option D: Race is a category of human beings, not a form of segregation.

557. What is it called when the group is aware they are being observed?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Overt.

Exam Relevance: Psychology exams, Sociology exams, Research Methods exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Overt observation occurs when the subjects are aware they are being observed.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse overt observation with covert observation, where the subjects are unaware of being observed.

Explanations: Overt observation is a method where the participants are fully aware that they are being observed. This awareness can influence their behavior, making the results potentially biased. The term "overt" in this context means open, visible, or not hidden, which aligns with the subjects being aware of the observation.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Covert refers to hidden or secret observation where the subjects are unaware they are being observed.
Option B: An observation is a general term for the act of watching or noting something, but it does not specify whether the subjects are aware or unaware.
Option C: Overt refers to open or visible observation where the subjects are aware they are being observed.
Option D: Death is unrelated to the context of observation methods.

Mnemonic: Overt: Openly Visible

558. Which of the following have expressed particular concern about the longevity of union leaders who are not always responsive to the needs and demands of membership?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Conflict theorists.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Political Science exams, Labor Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Conflict theorists often critique the power dynamics within unions, focusing on the potential disconnect between union leaders and their members.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse conflict theorists with functionalists, who tend to view social structures as harmonious and stable.

Explanations: Conflict theorists are concerned with the power dynamics and potential conflicts within social institutions, including unions. They argue that union leaders may prioritize their own interests or those of the organization over the needs and demands of the membership. This perspective highlights the potential for a disconnect between leaders and members, which is why conflict theorists express particular concern about the longevity of union leaders who are not always responsive to the needs and demands of the membership.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Functionalists generally view social structures as stable and harmonious, and are less likely to focus on conflicts within unions.
Option B: Conflict theorists are concerned with power dynamics and potential conflicts within social institutions, including unions.
Option C: Interactionists focus on the micro-level interactions and meanings within social groups, rather than the macro-level power dynamics.
Option D: Classical theorists are not typically concerned with the contemporary issues of union leadership and member relations.

559. Which perspective looks at economic systems creating rich owners and poor workers?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Neo-Marxism.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Political Science exams, Social Theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Neo-Marxism is a perspective that builds upon Karl Marx's theories, focusing on the economic structures that create inequalities between the rich and the poor.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Neo-Marxism with other sociological perspectives that also address inequality, such as Feminism or Symbolic Interactionalism.

Explanations: Neo-Marxism examines how economic systems create a class divide, with wealthy owners controlling the means of production and workers receiving lower wages. This perspective aligns with the idea of rich owners and poor workers, making it the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Feminism focuses on gender inequality rather than economic class structures.
Option B: Neo-Marxism correctly addresses the economic divide between rich owners and poor workers.
Option C: Symbolic Interactionalism focuses on individual interactions and meanings rather than economic systems.
Option D: Inclusionism is not a recognized sociological perspective and does not address economic inequality.

560. The sociologist and social anthropologist that was known for their work on the caste system and terms such as 'Sanskritisation' and dominant caste.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas.

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas was a prominent sociologist and social anthropologist known for his work on the caste system in India, particularly the concepts of 'Sanskritisation' and 'dominant caste'.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas with other social reformers or anthropologists who also worked on caste systems, such as Jotirao Govindrao Phule or Sri Narayana Guru.

Explanations: Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas is recognized for his significant contributions to the study of the caste system in India. He introduced the concept of 'Sanskritisation', which refers to the process by which lower castes adopt customs and rituals of the upper castes to improve their social status. Additionally, he coined the term 'dominant caste' to describe the caste that holds economic and political power in a village. These contributions make him the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Savitri Bai Phule was a social reformer and educationist, but not known for the specific concepts mentioned in the question.
Option B: Jotirao Govindrao Phule was a social reformer who critiqued the caste system, but he did not introduce the concepts of 'Sanskritisation' or 'dominant caste'.
Option C: Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas is the correct answer as he is known for his work on the caste system and the terms 'Sanskritisation' and 'dominant caste'.
Option D: Sri Narayana Guru was a social reformer and philosopher who worked towards the upliftment of the Ezhava community, but he did not introduce the specific concepts mentioned in the question.

Mnemonic: SNS for Sanskritisation and Dominance

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 56”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 56”

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