sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

661. Applying a systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Content analysis.

Exam Relevance: PhD Qualifying Exams, Research Methodology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Content analysis is a research method used to systematically record and value information from secondary data sources.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse content analysis with other data collection methods like surveys or correlation analysis.

Explanations: Content analysis involves a systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data. It is particularly useful for analyzing textual data, such as documents, articles, or media content. This method allows researchers to identify patterns, themes, and trends within the data, making it a valuable tool for qualitative research. The other options, such as correlation and survey, do not involve the systematic recording and valuation of secondary data.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correlation is a statistical method used to measure the relationship between two variables, not a method for analyzing secondary data.
Option B: Survey is a method of collecting primary data through questionnaires or interviews, not a method for analyzing secondary data.
Option C: Content analysis is the correct method for systematically recording and valuing information from secondary data sources.
Option D: None of the above is incorrect as content analysis is a valid method for analyzing secondary data.

662. A goal of resocialization in most total institutions is to change an individual's

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Social behavior.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Resocialization in total institutions aims to change an individual's social behavior to align with the institution's norms and expectations.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse resocialization with changing innate traits like instincts or aptitudes, which are not the focus of resocialization.

Explanations: Resocialization in total institutions, such as prisons, military boot camps, or religious cults, is designed to alter an individual's social behavior. This process involves changing how individuals interact with others, their attitudes, and their adherence to new social norms and rules. The goal is not to change innate traits like instincts or aptitudes, but rather to modify learned behaviors and social interactions to fit the new environment.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Instincts are innate and not the focus of resocialization.
Option B: Aptitudes are inherent abilities and not the target of resocialization.
Option C: Social behavior is the primary target of resocialization in total institutions.
Option D: While social behavior is targeted, instincts are not altered through resocialization.

663. The normalization of a dominant ethnic culture promotes the belief that those in the dominant culture are

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Cultureless.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Normalization of a dominant ethnic culture often leads to the belief that those in the dominant culture are cultureless, as their cultural practices are seen as the norm and not explicitly labeled as such.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that normalization of a dominant culture means it is more visible or celebrated, rather than being perceived as the default or norm.

Explanations: Normalization of a dominant ethnic culture means that the cultural practices and norms of the dominant group are seen as the standard or default. This can lead to the belief that those in the dominant culture are cultureless because their cultural practices are not explicitly labeled or recognized as distinct from the norm. This normalization can obscure the cultural identity of the dominant group, making it appear as if they do not have a specific culture.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Hiding their ethnicity is incorrect because normalization does not imply hiding one's ethnicity but rather making it the default standard.
Option B: Cultureless is correct because normalization can make the dominant culture appear as the default, obscuring its distinct cultural identity.
Option C: Seeking special treatment is incorrect because normalization does not involve seeking special treatment but rather making the dominant culture the standard.
Option D: Politically incorrect is incorrect because normalization is a sociological concept and does not directly relate to political correctness.

664. According to which sociological theory, ideas of individual can change society

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Symbolic interactionism.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Symbolic interactionism is a sociological theory that emphasizes the role of symbols and language in the construction of social reality. It suggests that individuals interpret and give meaning to their social world through interactions and symbols, which can lead to changes in societal norms and structures.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse symbolic interactionism with other sociological theories such as functionalism or conflict theory, which focus more on the stability of social structures and the distribution of resources, respectively.

Explanations: Symbolic interactionism posits that individuals construct their understanding of the world through interactions and the meanings they assign to symbols. This process of interpretation and meaning-making can lead to changes in societal norms and structures, as individuals' ideas and interpretations can influence and reshape social reality. Therefore, symbolic interactionism is the theory that aligns with the idea that individual ideas can change society.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Functional theory focuses on the stability and equilibrium of social systems, not on individual ideas changing society.
Option B: Symbolic interactionism emphasizes how individual interactions and meanings can lead to societal changes.
Option C: Conflict theory focuses on the distribution of power and resources, not on individual ideas changing society.
Option D: Social exclusion is a concept related to the marginalization of certain groups, not a theory about individual ideas changing society.

665. The system or way people in a society care for and raise children.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Family.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The system or way people in a society care for and raise children is primarily the responsibility of the family.

Common Mistakes: Students might confuse the role of family with broader societal or educational systems.

Explanations: The family is the primary unit responsible for the care and upbringing of children. While society and education play roles, the direct and immediate responsibility for raising children typically falls on the family.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Family is the correct answer as it is the primary unit responsible for raising and caring for children.
Option B: Society refers to the broader community, which does not directly care for and raise children.
Option C: Education is a part of child development but does not encompass the entire system of care and upbringing.
Option D: Feeding them is a part of care but does not cover the comprehensive system of raising children.

Mnemonic: FAMILY CARE: Focus on the primary unit, not broader systems.

666. Which sociology perspective emphasizes that societies literally could not function if massive numbers of people defied standards of appropriate conduct?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Functionalist perspective.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Introductory Sociology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The functionalist perspective in sociology emphasizes the importance of social order and stability. It views society as a complex system with interrelated parts that work together to maintain the whole.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the functionalist perspective with the conflict perspective, which focuses more on inequality and power struggles within society.

Explanations: The functionalist perspective asserts that societies need social norms and standards of appropriate conduct to function effectively. If large numbers of people defied these norms, social order would break down, leading to chaos and instability. This perspective highlights the importance of social cohesion and the role of norms in maintaining societal stability.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. The functionalist perspective emphasizes the need for social norms to maintain order and stability.
Option B: Incorrect. The conflict perspective focuses on power struggles and inequality, not the maintenance of social order.
Option C: Incorrect. The interactionist perspective focuses on how individuals interpret and construct meaning in social interactions, not on the maintenance of social order.
Option D: Incorrect. Labelling theory focuses on how society labels individuals and the consequences of these labels, not on the maintenance of social order.

667. Who is writer of 'society'book?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Maciver and page.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Maciver and Page are known for their work on the concept of society in sociology.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the authors of other sociological works with Maciver and Page.

Explanations: Maciver and Page are recognized for their influential book on society, which is a foundational text in sociology. Their work provides a comprehensive understanding of the concept of society, making them the correct authors associated with this topic.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Sorokin is known for his work on social change and stratification, not specifically for a book on society.
Option B: Yogendra Singh is a sociologist known for his work on Indian society, but not for a book on society in general.
Option C: Karl Marx is known for his theories on capitalism and class struggle, not for a book on society in the context of this question.
Option D: Maciver and Page are the correct authors for the book on society.

Mnemonic: Sociology Society, Maciver and Page

668. According to Marxism, there are ways in which society transmits ideas that legitimate or justify the capitalist system:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Ideological state apparatus.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Political Science exams, Philosophy exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In Marxist theory, the ideological state apparatus refers to institutions and mechanisms that transmit and reinforce the dominant ideology in society, thereby legitimizing the capitalist system.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the ideological state apparatus with the superstructure, which includes the ideological state apparatus but also encompasses other cultural and social institutions.

Explanations: The ideological state apparatus, as defined by Louis Althusser, includes institutions such as the family, education, religion, and media. These institutions play a crucial role in transmitting and reinforcing the dominant ideology, which justifies and legitimizes the capitalist system. This concept is distinct from the superstructure, which is a broader category that includes the ideological state apparatus along with other cultural and social institutions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: False consciousness refers to the mistaken beliefs held by the working class about their social and economic conditions, but it does not specifically address the mechanisms of transmission.
Option B: Ideological state apparatus refers to the institutions that transmit and reinforce the dominant ideology, which justifies the capitalist system.
Option C: Superstructure includes the ideological state apparatus but also encompasses other cultural and social institutions, making it a broader concept.
Option D: Infrastructure refers to the economic base of society, which includes the means of production and the relations of production, not the mechanisms of ideological transmission.

Mnemonic: ISA: Institutions Spread Awareness

669. In Society in America which early sociologist gave special attention to status distinctions and to such factors as gender and race?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Harriet Martineau.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Gender Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Harriet Martineau is recognized for her early sociological work that focused on status distinctions and factors such as gender and race.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Harriet Martineau with other early sociologists like Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, or Auguste Comte, who are also important figures in the field of sociology.

Explanations: Harriet Martineau's work in "Society in America" gave special attention to status distinctions and factors such as gender and race. This focus on social stratification and inequality was a significant contribution to early sociological thought. Martineau's analysis of American society highlighted the role of social structures in shaping individual experiences and opportunities, particularly for women and racial minorities.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Emile Durkheim focused more on social solidarity and the division of labor in society, rather than status distinctions based on gender and race.
Option B: Max Weber emphasized the role of power, status, and class in society, but his work did not specifically focus on gender and race in the same way as Martineau.
Option C: Auguste Comte is known for coining the term "sociology" and his positivist approach, but his work did not specifically address status distinctions based on gender and race.
Option D: Harriet Martineau's work in "Society in America" specifically addressed status distinctions and factors such as gender and race, making her the correct answer.

670. A boss who is trying to keep employee morale high while also asking them to work long periods of overtime is an example of .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Role strain.

Exam Relevance: Organizational Behavior, Management, Psychology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Role strain occurs when a person experiences stress due to conflicting demands within a single role. In this case, the boss is trying to balance the need for high employee morale with the requirement for long hours of overtime, which can create stress and conflict within the role of a manager.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse role strain with role conflict, which involves conflicting demands from different roles rather than within a single role.

Explanations: The correct answer is role strain because the boss is experiencing stress and conflict within the single role of managing employees. The boss is trying to maintain high morale while also asking employees to work long periods of overtime, which can create conflicting demands within the managerial role.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Role conflict involves conflicting demands from different roles, not within a single role.
Option B: Status refers to a person's position or rank within a social hierarchy, which is not relevant to the scenario.
Option C: Role strain is the correct answer as it involves conflicting demands within a single role, which is the situation described.
Option D: Role exit involves leaving a role, which is not applicable to the scenario described.

Mnemonic: Role strain: Stress within a single role.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 67”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 67”

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