Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Certain.
Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, LSAT, CAT
Difficulty: Easy
Concept notes: In deductive reasoning, the conclusion is derived from premises that are assumed to be true. If the premises are true and the logic is valid, the conclusion must be true.
Common Mistakes: Students may confuse deductive reasoning with inductive reasoning, where conclusions are probable rather than certain.
Explanations: Deductive arguments are structured such that if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true. This is because the conclusion is a logical consequence of the premises. Therefore, the conclusion of a deductive argument is certain, not just probable.
Option Analysis: - Option A: Correct. The conclusion of a deductive argument is certain if the premises are true and the logic is valid.
- Option B: Incorrect. The conclusion of a deductive argument is not probable; it is certain if the premises are true and the logic is valid.
- Option C: Incorrect. Experience is not relevant to the certainty of a deductive argument's conclusion.
- Option D: Incorrect. Observation is not relevant to the certainty of a deductive argument's conclusion.
Mnemonic: Deductive = Definite
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Q44
Wilhelm Wundt opened the Institute for Experimental Psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879.
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