sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

1041. Consider the following Statements: The process of socialization ends once a child has reached adulthood. People who work at low skilled jobs and have an income below the poverty line are the aristocracy. Master status plays the greatest role in shaping a person's life and his/her social identity Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Only 3.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Work exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Master status is the dominant role that defines a person's social identity and plays a significant role in shaping their life. This concept is true and aligns with sociological theory.

Common Mistakes: Students may incorrectly believe that socialization ends in adulthood or that low-skilled workers with low income are part of the aristocracy.

Explanations: The process of socialization does not end in adulthood; it continues throughout life. People who work at low-skilled jobs and have an income below the poverty line are not considered the aristocracy. The master status, however, is the primary role that defines a person's social identity and plays a significant role in shaping their life and social interactions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because the first statement is false. Socialization does not end in adulthood.
Option B: Incorrect because the second statement is false. Low-skilled workers with low income are not the aristocracy.
Option C: Correct because only the third statement is true. Master status is the dominant role that defines a person's social identity.
Option D: Incorrect because the first statement is false. Socialization does not end in adulthood.

1042. Which of these are examples of sanctions in modern industrial society? ( select all correct)

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) All of the above.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Criminology exams, Legal Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Sanctions in modern industrial society refer to penalties or punitive measures imposed to enforce compliance with laws, regulations, or social norms.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that only one form of sanction is applicable in modern industrial society, overlooking the variety of sanctions that exist.

Explanations: Discharge, fine, and prison sentence are all examples of sanctions used in modern industrial society. Discharge refers to the termination of employment, a fine is a monetary penalty, and a prison sentence is a form of incarceration. All these measures serve as punitive actions to enforce compliance with laws and regulations.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Discharge is a form of sanction used in employment contexts.
Option B: Fine is a monetary sanction used to penalize violations of laws or regulations.
Option C: Prison sentence is a form of incarceration used as a sanction for criminal offenses.
Option D: All of the above correctly identifies that discharge, fine, and prison sentence are all examples of sanctions.

Mnemonic: D-F-P: Discharge, Fine, Prison

1043. Which of the following is not a reason for the rise in single households in Europe?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Social resistance to cohabitation.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Geography, A-Level Sociology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The rise in single households in Europe is influenced by factors such as later marriages, high divorce rates, and an ageing population. Social resistance to cohabitation is not a recognized factor in this context.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that social resistance to cohabitation is a significant factor in the rise of single households, confusing it with other social trends.

Explanations: The rise in single households in Europe is primarily due to trends such as later marriages, high divorce rates, and an ageing population. Social resistance to cohabitation is not a recognized factor contributing to the increase in single households. Therefore, it is not a reason for the rise in single households in Europe.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Social resistance to cohabitation is not a recognized factor in the rise of single households in Europe.
Option B: The trend towards later marriages is a recognized factor contributing to the rise in single households.
Option C: The high rate of divorce is a recognized factor contributing to the rise in single households.
Option D: An ageing population with a growing number of households made up of widows/widowers is a recognized factor contributing to the rise in single households.

1044. Focused his research on groups rather than on whole society;thinks sociologist should uncover the feelings behind individuals actions.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Max Weber.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Max Weber focused his research on groups rather than on whole society and emphasized understanding the subjective meanings and motivations behind individuals' actions.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Max Weber with Emile Durkheim, who focused more on the structure of society and social facts.

Explanations: Max Weber's sociological approach centered on the importance of understanding the subjective meanings and motivations behind individuals' actions within social groups. This aligns with the description of focusing on groups and uncovering the feelings behind individuals' actions. Weber's methodological individualism and interpretive sociology emphasize the importance of subjective meanings in social action, making him the correct choice.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Emile Durkheim focused on the structure of society and social facts, not on the subjective meanings behind individual actions.
Option B: Herbert Spencer is known for his social Darwinism and the idea of society as an organism, not for focusing on individual feelings within groups.
Option C: Jane Addams was a social reformer and founder of Hull House, but her work did not focus on sociological research methods or theories about individual motivations.
Option D: Max Weber focused on the subjective meanings and motivations behind individuals' actions within social groups, aligning with the description provided.

Mnemonic: Weber's W: W for Weber, W for Why (understanding why people act as they do).

1045. What theory would say that deviance is most likely when there is a gap between culturally appropriate goals and the legitimate inability to reach those goals?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Strain Theory.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Criminology exams, Social Theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Strain theory posits that deviance occurs when there is a significant gap between societal goals and the means available to achieve them.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse strain theory with control theory, which focuses on the lack of social bonds rather than the gap between goals and means.

Explanations: Strain theory, developed by Robert Merton, suggests that deviance arises when individuals are exposed to cultural goals that they are unable to achieve through legitimate means. This gap creates strain, leading individuals to seek alternative, often deviant, means to achieve these goals. The theory emphasizes the role of societal structures in creating conditions that foster deviance.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Control theory focuses on the lack of social bonds and self-control as the primary reasons for deviance, not the gap between goals and means.
Option B: Strain theory correctly identifies the gap between culturally appropriate goals and the legitimate inability to reach those goals as the primary cause of deviance.
Option C: Differential association theory emphasizes the role of social interactions and learning deviant behavior from others, not the gap between goals and means.
Option D: Labeling theory focuses on how societal reactions and labels can lead to deviance, not the gap between goals and means.

Mnemonic: Gap Goals, Strain Deviance

1046. Which of the following preindustrial societies is a society that survives primarily through the growing of plants?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Horticultural.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Geography, SAT Subject Test in World History

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Horticultural societies primarily rely on the cultivation of plants for their survival.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse horticultural societies with agricultural societies, which also involve plant cultivation but on a larger, more intensive scale.

Explanations: Horticultural societies survive primarily through the growing of plants. This method of subsistence involves the use of simple tools and techniques to cultivate crops, distinguishing it from more advanced agricultural practices. The claimed correct answer, horticultural, accurately describes a society that relies on plant cultivation for its primary means of subsistence.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Hunting and gathering societies rely on foraging and hunting for food, not plant cultivation.
Option B: Pastoral societies depend on the raising of livestock, not plant cultivation.
Option C: Horticultural societies primarily rely on the cultivation of plants for their survival.
Option D: Agricultural societies involve more intensive and large-scale plant cultivation compared to horticultural societies.

Mnemonic: Horticulture: "Hands on the soil, not machines."

1047. According to sociologists in bureaucratic organisations rules take precedence over personal whim this impersonality encourages uniform treatment for each client as well as other worker is called

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Impersonality.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Management exams, Organizational Behavior exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In bureaucratic organizations, impersonality refers to the principle that rules and procedures take precedence over personal preferences or relationships. This ensures that all clients and workers are treated uniformly and fairly.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse impersonality with formal rules and regulations, but impersonality specifically emphasizes the uniform treatment of individuals based on established rules rather than personal whims.

Explanations: Impersonality in bureaucratic organizations ensures that decisions and actions are based on established rules and procedures rather than personal preferences. This uniformity in treatment is a key characteristic of impersonality, making it the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Formality refers to the adherence to formal rules and procedures but does not specifically address the uniform treatment of individuals.
Option B: Personal refers to individual preferences and relationships, which is the opposite of what is described in the question.
Option C: Rules and regulations are part of the bureaucratic structure but do not specifically capture the concept of uniform treatment based on impersonal criteria.
Option D: Impersonality correctly captures the idea that rules and procedures take precedence over personal whims, ensuring uniform treatment.

1048. What term refers to the systematic study of social behavior and social structure?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Sociology.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Sociology, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Sociology is the systematic study of social behavior and social structure.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse sociology with other social sciences like anthropology or psychology, which also study human behavior but focus on different aspects.

Explanations: Sociology specifically focuses on the systematic study of social behavior and social structure. It examines how individuals and groups interact within society and how these interactions shape social norms, institutions, and structures. This makes sociology the correct term for the systematic study of social behavior and social structure.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Anthropology studies human societies and cultures, but it is broader and includes biological and cultural aspects of humans, not just social behavior and structure.
Option B: Human Geography focuses on the spatial aspects of human activity and the interaction between humans and their environment, not specifically on social behavior and structure.
Option C: Psychology studies individual behavior and mental processes, rather than social behavior and structure.
Option D: Sociology is the correct term for the systematic study of social behavior and social structure.

Mnemonic: Sociology: Study of Society

1049. A case study where the researcher becomes a member of the group being studied

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Participant observation.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Participant observation is a research method where the researcher becomes a part of the group being studied to gather data through direct observation and interaction.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse participant observation with naturalistic observation, where the researcher observes without direct interaction.

Explanations: Participant observation involves the researcher becoming a member of the group being studied, which aligns with the description given in the question. This method allows for a deeper understanding of the group's dynamics and behaviors from an insider's perspective.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Field research is a broader term that includes various methods, not specifically participant observation.
Option B: Case study involves an in-depth examination of a particular instance, but does not necessarily involve the researcher becoming a member of the group.
Option C: Participant observation is the correct answer as it involves the researcher becoming a member of the group being studied.
Option D: Naturalistic observation involves observing subjects in their natural environment without direct interaction, which does not match the description given.

1050. Margaret Mead suggested that.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Adolescence and gender roles varied between societies and so were culturally determined.

Exam Relevance: Anthropology exams, Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Margaret Mead's research in New Guinea highlighted the cultural variability of adolescence and gender roles across different societies.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the concept of cultural determinism with biological determinism, leading to incorrect interpretations of Mead's findings.

Explanations: Margaret Mead's work in New Guinea demonstrated that adolescence and gender roles were not universally consistent but varied significantly between different societies. This variability indicated that these aspects were culturally determined rather than biologically fixed. Mead's research challenged the prevailing notion that gender roles were biologically determined and showed that cultural context played a crucial role in shaping these roles.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option correctly reflects Mead's findings that adolescence and gender roles varied between societies and were culturally determined.
Option B: This option is incorrect because Mead found that gender roles varied between societies, not that they were identical.
Option C: This option is incorrect as it does not reflect Mead's research findings and introduces a comparison not supported by her work.
Option D: This option is incorrect as it discusses a potential issue with anthropological fieldwork but does not address Mead's specific findings on cultural variability.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 105”

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 105”

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