sociology MCQ questions answers

1171. Autos, clothes, and books are examples of?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Material Culture.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Geography

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Material culture refers to the physical objects created, used, and valued by a society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse material culture with nonmaterial culture, which includes beliefs, values, and norms.

Explanations: Autos, clothes, and books are physical objects that are created, used, and valued by society. Therefore, they are examples of material culture.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Society refers to a group of people living together in an organized community, not the physical objects they use.
Option B: Material culture includes physical objects like autos, clothes, and books.
Option C: Nonmaterial culture includes beliefs, values, and norms, not physical objects.
Option D: Social interaction refers to the ways in which people communicate and relate to each other, not the physical objects they use.

1172. Determine which are MANIFEST functions and which are LATENT functions of Kelly's job: Kelly paid $ 42 in taxes to the government.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Manifest Function.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A manifest function is a recognized and intended consequence of a social pattern. In this case, paying taxes is a recognized and intended consequence of being a citizen or resident in a country.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse manifest functions with latent functions, which are unintended and often unrecognized consequences.

Explanations: Kelly paying $42 in taxes to the government is a recognized and intended consequence of being a citizen or resident. This is a direct and intended action, making it a manifest function.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct, as paying taxes is a recognized and intended consequence.
Option B: Incorrect, as paying taxes is not an unintended consequence.
Option C: Incorrect, as the function is clearly manifest, not latent.
Option D: Incorrect, as the function is clearly manifest.

1173. The essential function of punishment in society is.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Affirmation of moral standards.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, LSAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The essential function of punishment in society is to affirm moral standards.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the purpose of punishment with the goal of reform or revenge, which are secondary functions.

Explanations: Punishment serves to reinforce societal norms and moral standards by demonstrating the consequences of violating these norms. It acts as a deterrent and reaffirms the collective values and expectations of the community. While reform and revenge are also aspects of punishment, they are not the primary function.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Reform is a secondary function of punishment, aimed at rehabilitating the offender rather than affirming moral standards.
Option B: Revenge is a personal or emotional response and not the essential societal function of punishment.
Option C: Affirmation of moral standards is the primary function, as it reinforces societal norms and expectations.
Option D: This option is incorrect as the correct answer is provided.

1174. Which of the following scenarios is an example of intragenerational mobility?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) A lawyer belongs to a different class than her sister.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Work exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Intragenerational mobility refers to changes in social class within the same generation.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse intragenerational mobility with intergenerational mobility, which involves changes in social class between different generations.

Explanations: Intragenerational mobility involves changes in social class within the same generation. The scenario where a lawyer belongs to a different class than her sister fits this definition, as both individuals are from the same generation but have different social class statuses.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This scenario describes intergenerational stability, not mobility.
Option B: This scenario describes intergenerational mobility, not intragenerational mobility.
Option C: This scenario describes intragenerational stability, not mobility.
Option D: This scenario correctly describes intragenerational mobility.

1175. A preference for foreign culture and products is called.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Xenocentrism.

Exam Relevance: Cultural Anthropology, Psychology, Sociology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Xenocentrism is the preference for foreign culture and products over one's own.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse xenocentrism with ethnocentrism, which is the preference for one's own culture.

Explanations: Xenocentrism refers to a preference for foreign culture and products. This term directly matches the description given in the question, making it the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Xenocentrism is the correct term for a preference for foreign culture and products.
Option B: Ethnocentrism is the preference for one's own culture, which is the opposite of what the question asks.
Option C: Cultural adjustment refers to the process of adapting to a new culture, not a preference for foreign culture.
Option D: This option is incorrect as the correct term is provided in option A.

Mnemonic: Xeno = Foreign, Centrism = Center, Preference for Foreign

1176. According to French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau the state emerged.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) After the establishment of private property.

Exam Relevance: Political Science, Philosophy, Sociology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Jean-Jacques Rousseau's theory on the state's emergence is closely tied to the concept of private property.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Rousseau's ideas with those of other philosophers like Hobbes or Locke, who have different views on the origins of the state.

Explanations: Rousseau argued that the establishment of private property led to inequality and conflict, which necessitated the creation of a state to manage these issues. This view contrasts with other philosophers who might attribute the state's emergence to different factors such as the need for protection or social contract.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is incorrect because Rousseau did not primarily focus on restoring peace as the main reason for the state's emergence.
Option B: This option is correct as Rousseau believed the state emerged after the establishment of private property, which created social inequalities and conflicts.
Option C: This option is incorrect because while conflict is a consequence of private property, it is not the primary reason for the state's emergence according to Rousseau.
Option D: This option is incorrect because not all of the given reasons are correct according to Rousseau's theory.

1177. Society is a complex organization of parts that function to fulfil the requirements and promote the needs of the whole is a concept of.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Structural functionalism.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Structural functionalism is a sociological theory that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse structural functionalism with other sociological theories such as conflict theory or symbolic interactionism.

Explanations: Structural functionalism posits that society is a complex organization of parts that function to fulfill the requirements and promote the needs of the whole. This theory emphasizes the interdependence of social institutions and how they contribute to the stability and cohesion of society. The concept described in the question aligns with the core principles of structural functionalism, making it the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Structural functionalism views society as a complex system with interdependent parts that work together to maintain stability and cohesion.
Option B: Incorrect. Interaction school of thought focuses on the micro-level interactions and meanings individuals attribute to their actions, not the macro-level organization of society.
Option C: Incorrect. Phenomenology is a philosophical approach that emphasizes subjective experiences and the meanings individuals attach to their social world, not the structural organization of society.
Option D: Incorrect. This option is not applicable as the correct answer is provided in option A.

Mnemonic: Society as a well-oiled machine (S.W.O.M.)

1178. The current level of urbanization 32% in Pakistan is in SAARC Countries.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Highest.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, GMAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The question pertains to the level of urbanization in Pakistan compared to other SAARC countries.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the urbanization levels of different SAARC countries or misinterpret the data provided.

Explanations: The correct answer is that Pakistan has the highest level of urbanization at 32% among the SAARC countries. This is based on the provided data and the context of the question. Urbanization levels can vary significantly between countries, and Pakistan's 32% urbanization rate is the highest among the SAARC nations.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect, as 32% is not the lowest urbanization level in SAARC countries.
Option B: Incorrect, as 32% is not considered a normal urbanization level in the context of SAARC countries.
Option C: Correct, as 32% is the highest urbanization level among SAARC countries.
Option D: Incorrect, as the correct answer is provided.

1179. I was the 1st female sociologist

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Harriet Martineau.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, History of Sociology exams, Women in Sociology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Harriet Martineau is recognized as the first female sociologist, contributing significantly to the field in the 19th century.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Harriet Martineau with Jane Addams, who was also a prominent sociologist but not the first female in the field.

Explanations: Harriet Martineau is credited as the first female sociologist due to her pioneering work in the mid-19th century. She wrote extensively on social issues and was one of the first to apply sociological principles to analyze society. Her work predates that of Jane Addams, who was influential in the field of social work and sociology but came later. Emile Durkheim and Auguste Comte were male sociologists and not the first female sociologist.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Harriet Martineau is recognized as the first female sociologist.
Option B: Incorrect. Jane Addams was a significant sociologist but not the first female.
Option C: Incorrect. Emile Durkheim was a male sociologist and not the first female sociologist.
Option D: Incorrect. Auguste Comte was a male sociologist and not the first female sociologist.

Mnemonic: H for Harriet, H for History's first female sociologist.

1180. The power of police to determine who is/is not arrested.....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Police discretion.

Exam Relevance: Criminal Justice Exams, Law Enforcement Exams, Criminology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Police discretion refers to the authority and judgment police officers use in deciding whether to arrest, cite, or release individuals they encounter.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse police discretion with other legal terms like original jurisdiction or law discretion, which are not directly related to the decision-making process of police officers.

Explanations: Police discretion is the power of police officers to make decisions on the spot, including whether to arrest someone or not. This discretion is based on the officer's judgment and the circumstances of the situation. The other options do not specifically address the decision-making authority of police officers in the context of arrests.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Original jurisdiction refers to the authority of a court to hear a case for the first time, not the decision-making power of police officers.
Option B: Police discretion is the correct term for the authority and judgment police officers use in deciding whether to arrest individuals.
Option C: Police rights refer to the legal rights of police officers, not their decision-making authority in arrests.
Option D: Law discretion is not a standard term and does not specifically refer to the decision-making power of police officers.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 118”

Anonymous January 28, 2020
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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 118”

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