sociology MCQ questions answers

1291. A sanction in the form of a punishment

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Negative sanction.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Psychology exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A negative sanction is a form of punishment or penalty imposed to discourage undesirable behavior.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse positive sanctions with negative sanctions, as positive sanctions involve rewards rather than punishments.

Explanations: A sanction in the form of a punishment is a negative sanction. Negative sanctions are used to discourage or penalize undesirable behavior, which aligns with the concept of punishment.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Positive sanctions involve rewards or incentives, not punishments.
Option B: Negative sanctions involve punishments or penalties, which matches the description given.
Option C: The correct answer cannot be either, as only one type of sanction fits the description.
Option D: The correct answer must be one of the sanctions, not neither.

1292. Studies of siblings who shared parents social class and everyday experiences have shown that they.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) View the same experiences differently.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Siblings who share the same social class and everyday experiences can still have different perceptions and interpretations of those experiences.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that siblings who share the same environment will have identical viewpoints.

Explanations: Studies of siblings have shown that despite sharing the same social class and everyday experiences, they often view these experiences differently. This is due to individual differences in personality, cognitive processing, and personal experiences that shape their unique perspectives.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This is the correct answer as it aligns with the findings that siblings can have different views on the same experiences.
Option B: This option is incorrect because it suggests that siblings arrive at a common viewpoint through discussion, which is not supported by the studies.
Option C: This option is incorrect because it implies that siblings perceive the same events in the same way, which contradicts the findings of the studies.
Option D: This option is incorrect as it suggests that siblings pretend to disagree, which is not supported by the evidence.

1293. In the late eighteenth century what was Jeremy Bentham's Panopticon?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) A prison.

Exam Relevance: History of Philosophy, Political Science, Sociology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The Panopticon was a type of institutional building designed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 18th century. It was intended to be a model prison where a single guard could observe all inmates without the inmates being able to tell if they are being watched.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the Panopticon with other types of institutional buildings from the same period, such as asylums or schools, due to the similar architectural and surveillance concepts.

Explanations: Jeremy Bentham's Panopticon was specifically designed as a prison. The design allowed for a central watchtower to oversee all cells, ensuring constant surveillance. This concept was revolutionary for its time and influenced later theories of power and control in institutions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The Panopticon was not an army barracks. It was designed for a different purpose and function.
Option B: The Panopticon was a prison designed by Jeremy Bentham to maximize surveillance and control over inmates.
Option C: The Panopticon was not an asylum. While it involved surveillance, its primary purpose was incarceration, not mental health care.
Option D: The Panopticon was not a school. Its design was specifically for a prison setting, not educational purposes.

Mnemonic: PANOPTICON: Prison Always Needs Observation To Control Inmates, Optimizing Notions.

1294. Considered to be the founder of the symbolic perspective of sociology.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Max Weber.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Max Weber is considered the founder of the symbolic perspective in sociology, which emphasizes the role of symbols, language, and meaning in social interactions.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Max Weber with other sociologists such as Emile Durkheim or Karl Marx, who are also influential but associated with different perspectives.

Explanations: Max Weber is recognized for his contributions to the symbolic interactionist perspective, which focuses on how individuals interpret and give meaning to their social world through symbols and interactions. This perspective is distinct from Durkheim's structural functionalism and Marx's conflict theory.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Emile Durkheim is known for his work on social solidarity and the concept of anomie, not symbolic interactionism.
Option B: Max Weber is the correct answer as he is the founder of the symbolic interactionist perspective in sociology.
Option C: WEB DuBois is known for his work on race and social inequality, not symbolic interactionism.
Option D: Karl Marx is associated with conflict theory and class struggle, not symbolic interactionism.

1295. Sociologist who believed that there is conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Karl Marx.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Political Science exams, Philosophy exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Karl Marx is known for his theory of class conflict between the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and the proletariat (working class).

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Karl Marx with other sociologists like Max Weber or Émile Durkheim, who have different theories.

Explanations: Karl Marx's theory of class conflict is central to his sociological and economic analysis. He argued that the bourgeoisie, who own the means of production, exploit the proletariat, who sell their labor. This conflict is a fundamental aspect of capitalist societies according to Marx.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Max Weber focused on the role of ideas and institutions in social change, not class conflict.
Option B: Karl Marx is the sociologist who theorized about the conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
Option C: Émile Durkheim emphasized social solidarity and the division of labor, not class conflict.
Option D: This option is incorrect as Karl Marx is the correct answer.

Mnemonic: Bourgeoisie Battle: Marx

1296. Model of society based on "survival of the fittest".

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Social Darwinism.

Exam Relevance: AP World History, AP US History, IB History

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Social Darwinism is a theory that applies Charles Darwin's concept of "survival of the fittest" to human societies, suggesting that certain groups or individuals are naturally superior and destined to succeed.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Social Darwinism with Darwinism, which is the biological theory of evolution by natural selection, not a social or economic theory.

Explanations: Social Darwinism is the correct answer because it specifically refers to the application of Darwin's theory of natural selection to human societies, promoting the idea that the strongest and most adaptable individuals or groups will thrive and dominate. This concept is distinct from Darwinism, which is strictly a biological theory.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Social Darwinism correctly applies the concept of "survival of the fittest" to societal structures and human interactions.
Option B: Symbolic interaction is a sociological theory that focuses on how individuals interpret and give meaning to symbols in social interactions, unrelated to the concept of "survival of the fittest."
Option C: Darwinism refers to the biological theory of evolution by natural selection, not a social or economic theory.
Option D: Anthropology is the study of human societies and cultures, not a theory based on "survival of the fittest."

Mnemonic: Survival of the Fittest = Social Darwinism

1297. The local self-government that functions in rural areas is.....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Panchayati Raj.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, SSC, State PSC

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Panchayati Raj is the system of local self-government in rural areas of India.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Panchayati Raj with other forms of local governance like municipalities, which operate in urban areas.

Explanations: Panchayati Raj is the correct answer because it is the system of local self-government specifically designed for rural areas in India. It involves elected representatives at the village, block, and district levels to manage local affairs and development.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Panchayati Raj is the local self-government system in rural areas.
Option B: Incorrect. Municipality is a form of local self-government in urban areas.
Option C: Incorrect. Government is a broader term and not specific to local self-government in rural areas.
Option D: Incorrect. State government is a higher level of administration and not specific to local self-government in rural areas.

Mnemonic: Panchayat for Rural, Municipality for Urban

1298. Teenagers who have jobs that prevent them from studying are experiencing.....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Role conflict.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, High School Psychology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Role conflict occurs when an individual experiences incompatible demands or expectations from different roles they occupy.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse role conflict with role strain, which involves conflicting demands within a single role rather than between multiple roles.

Explanations: Teenagers who have jobs that prevent them from studying are experiencing role conflict because they are facing incompatible demands from their job role and their student role. The job role requires them to work, while the student role requires them to study, leading to a conflict between these two roles.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Social interaction is not relevant to the scenario described, as it does not involve conflicting demands or expectations.
Option B: Role performance refers to how well an individual fulfills the expectations of a single role, not conflicting demands between roles.
Option C: Role strain involves conflicting demands within a single role, not between multiple roles as described in the scenario.
Option D: Role conflict is the correct answer because it involves incompatible demands from different roles, which is what the scenario describes.

Mnemonic: Role conflict: Job vs. Study

1299. A perspective that outlines certain assumptions about the nature of social life.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Theoretical perspective.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A theoretical perspective is a framework that outlines certain assumptions about the nature of social life. It provides a lens through which social phenomena can be analyzed and understood.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse theoretical perspectives with specific theories or schools of thought, such as functionalism or conflict theory, which are subsets of broader theoretical perspectives.

Explanations: The correct answer is the theoretical perspective because it encompasses a broad framework that includes assumptions about social life. The other options (functionalist, conflict, and feminist perspectives) are specific theoretical frameworks that fall under the broader category of theoretical perspectives.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The functionalist perspective is a specific theoretical framework that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. It is not a general theoretical perspective.
Option B: The conflict perspective is a specific theoretical framework that views society as a competition for limited resources. It is not a general theoretical perspective.
Option C: The feminist perspective is a specific theoretical framework that focuses on gender inequality and the role of power in social relationships. It is not a general theoretical perspective.
Option D: The theoretical perspective is a broad framework that includes various assumptions about the nature of social life, encompassing specific theories like functionalism, conflict, and feminist perspectives.

1300. According to the structural functionalism, religion provides .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Answers to the society's questions on the existence and significance.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Social Theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Structural functionalism views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. Religion, from this perspective, provides answers to fundamental questions about existence and meaning.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the role of religion in structural functionalism with its role in other sociological theories, such as conflict theory, which focuses more on inequality and power dynamics.

Explanations: Structural functionalism posits that religion serves a crucial function in society by providing explanations for the mysteries of life and the universe. It helps individuals and societies make sense of their existence and the significance of their lives. This aligns with the idea that religion offers answers to society's questions on existence and significance.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Structural functionalism emphasizes that religion provides answers to society's questions about existence and significance.
Option B: Incorrect. This option focuses on government issues, which is not the primary concern of structural functionalism regarding religion.
Option C: Incorrect. Honors to good governance is not a primary function of religion according to structural functionalism.
Option D: Incorrect. While religion can contribute to social inequalities, structural functionalism primarily views religion as a unifying force that provides meaning and stability.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 130”

Anonymous January 28, 2020
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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 130”

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