sociology MCQ questions answers

1311. In essence people need government because.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) They live in groups and need a degree of order.

Exam Relevance: AP Government, IB Politics, SAT Government and Politics

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The need for government arises from the necessity of maintaining order in societies where people live together in groups.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that government is only necessary due to competitive nature or lack of civilization, overlooking the fundamental need for order in group living.

Explanations: People live in groups and require a degree of order to coexist peacefully and efficiently. Government provides the necessary structure and rules to maintain this order, ensuring that societal functions operate smoothly and conflicts are managed. This is the primary reason why government is essential.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This is the correct answer as it highlights the need for order in group living.
Option B: While competition exists, it is not the primary reason for the need for government.
Option C: The level of civilization does not determine the need for government; order is necessary regardless of civilization level.
Option D: Brute force is not a sustainable or ethical method for maintaining order in society.

1312. Which of these is not a branch of feminism?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Functionalist.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Gender Studies exams, Women's Studies exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Feminism has several branches, including liberal, radical, and others, but functionalist is not one of them.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse functionalism, a sociological perspective, with feminist theory branches.

Explanations: Feminism is a social theory that addresses gender inequality and advocates for women's rights. The branches of feminism include liberal feminism, which focuses on legal and social equality, and radical feminism, which seeks to challenge the patriarchal structure of society. Functionalist theory, on the other hand, is a sociological perspective that emphasizes the stability and interdependence of social institutions. Since functionalism is not a branch of feminism, it is the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Liberal feminism is a recognized branch of feminism.
Option B: Radical feminism is a recognized branch of feminism.
Option C: Functionalist is not a branch of feminism but a sociological perspective.
Option D: This option is incorrect as functionalist is not a branch of feminism.

Mnemonic: Feminism: LIB (Liberal), RAD (Radical), NOT FUN (Functionalist)

1313. Human life is acted out within a triangle of.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Society culture and the individual.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Human life is influenced by the interplay between society, culture, and the individual. Society provides the social structures and institutions, culture offers the shared beliefs, values, and practices, and the individual represents the personal experiences and choices.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the roles of rules, norms, and roles (Option A) with the broader societal and cultural influences.

Explanations: Human life is acted out within a triangle of society, culture, and the individual. Society encompasses the social structures and institutions that shape human interactions. Culture includes the shared beliefs, values, and practices that guide behavior. The individual represents personal experiences and choices that are influenced by both society and culture. This interplay is fundamental to understanding human behavior and social dynamics.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Rules, roles, and norms are components of society and culture but do not encompass the full scope of human life.
Option B: Society, culture, and the individual correctly encapsulate the broader context in which human life is lived.
Option C: Income, safety, and deference are specific aspects of life but do not represent the comprehensive framework of human existence.
Option D: Class, status, and power are social constructs within society but do not fully capture the interplay between society, culture, and the individual.

Mnemonic: SCI: Society, Culture, Individual

1314. Culture has two essential qualities. They are

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Learned and shared.

Exam Relevance: Anthropology exams, Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Culture is defined by its two essential qualities: it is learned and shared among members of a society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the transmission of culture with its learned and shared nature, leading to incorrect selection of "transmitted" as a quality.

Explanations: Culture is learned through socialization and interaction within a society. It is also shared among members of the same society, ensuring continuity and commonality. The qualities of being learned and shared are fundamental to the definition of culture.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Culture is both learned and shared.
Option B: Incorrect. While culture is transmitted, this is not one of the two essential qualities.
Option C: Incorrect. Culture is learned but not forgotten.
Option D: Incorrect. While culture is communicated, this is not one of the two essential qualities.

1315. Women of which ethnic group are least likely to have a white partner?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Bangladeshi.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, LSAT, Civil Service Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The question pertains to ethnic group statistics regarding inter-ethnic partnerships. The correct answer is based on demographic data indicating that women of Bangladeshi origin are least likely to have a white partner.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the statistics of different ethnic groups or misinterpret the data provided, leading to incorrect selection of other ethnic groups.

Explanations: Demographic studies and surveys often reveal patterns in inter-ethnic relationships. For women of Bangladeshi origin, the data consistently shows a lower likelihood of forming partnerships with white individuals compared to other ethnic groups listed. This trend can be attributed to various factors including cultural preferences, community dynamics, and geographic distribution.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Indian women may have higher rates of inter-ethnic partnerships, making this option incorrect.
Option B: Pakistani women also show higher rates of inter-ethnic partnerships, making this option incorrect.
Option C: Bangladeshi women are least likely to have a white partner, making this the correct answer.
Option D: Chinese women may have higher rates of inter-ethnic partnerships, making this option incorrect.

Mnemonic: B-Low: Bangladeshi, Lower likelihood.

1316. Theory in which inequality exists because some people are willing to exploit others

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Conflict.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Political Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The conflict theory posits that inequality exists because some individuals or groups exploit others for their own benefit.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse conflict theory with functionalist theory, which views inequality as a necessary part of a stable society.

Explanations: Conflict theory, as proposed by Karl Marx and later developed by other sociologists, argues that social structures are inherently unequal and that these inequalities are maintained through the exploitation of one group by another. This theory emphasizes power struggles and the competition for resources, which leads to the creation and perpetuation of inequality.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Functionalism views inequality as a functional necessity for societal stability, not as a result of exploitation.
Option B: Conflict theory correctly identifies inequality as arising from exploitation and power struggles.
Option C: Symbolic interactionism focuses on how individuals interpret and give meaning to their social interactions, not on the existence of inequality through exploitation.
Option D: Stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups in a society, but it does not explain the cause of inequality through exploitation.

Mnemonic: Conflict: "C" for Conflict, "C" for Competition, "C" for Control.

1317. Spread of cultural traits from group to group is called.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Diffusion.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Geography, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Diffusion refers to the spread of cultural traits from one group to another.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse diffusion with cultural contacts, which is a broader term for interactions between cultures.

Explanations: Diffusion is the process by which cultural traits, such as ideas, beliefs, and technologies, spread from one group to another. This process can occur through various means, including migration, trade, and communication. The term diffusion specifically captures the idea of cultural elements being disseminated across different societies.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Intercultural harmony refers to peaceful coexistence between different cultures, not the spread of cultural traits.
Option B: Cultural contacts involve interactions between different cultures, but do not specifically describe the spread of cultural traits.
Option C: Diffusion is the correct term for the spread of cultural traits from one group to another.
Option D: None of these is incorrect as diffusion is the correct term.

1318. Which approach to audience studies emphasizes the ways in which different audiences use the media to meet their needs?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Gratification model.

Exam Relevance: Media Studies, Communication Studies, Sociology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The gratification model in audience studies focuses on how different audiences use media to fulfill their personal needs and desires.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the gratification model with the hypodermic model, which assumes media has a direct and powerful effect on audiences.

Explanations: The gratification model emphasizes the active role of the audience in selecting and using media to meet their individual needs. This approach contrasts with models that view media effects as passive or direct. The gratification model suggests that audiences are not merely passive recipients but actively seek out media content that satisfies their specific interests and needs.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The hypodermic model assumes media has a direct and powerful effect on audiences, which does not align with the idea of audiences using media to meet their needs.
Option B: The gratification model correctly emphasizes how audiences use media to fulfill their personal needs and desires.
Option C: Reception theory focuses on how audiences interpret media content, rather than how they use it to meet their needs.
Option D: The interpretative model is concerned with how audiences interpret media content, not how they use it to meet their needs.

Mnemonic: G-MAN: Gratification Model - Media for Audience Needs

1319. According to the Dramturgical model, this term refers to impressions which are managed within contexts

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Settings.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Psychology exams, Communication Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In the Dramaturgical model, settings refer to the context or environment in which social interactions take place. These settings influence the impressions that individuals manage and present to others.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse settings with performances or front stage, which are also components of the Dramaturgical model but refer to different aspects of social interaction.

Explanations: The Dramaturgical model, developed by Erving Goffman, uses theater as a metaphor to explain social interactions. Settings in this model are the contexts or environments where social interactions occur. These settings can influence the impressions individuals manage and present to others. Therefore, settings are the correct term for the context within which impressions are managed.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Performances refer to the actions and behaviors individuals use to convey impressions, not the context in which these impressions are managed.
Option B: Settings are the contexts or environments where social interactions take place, influencing the impressions managed by individuals.
Option C: Personal Front refers to the individual's personal characteristics and traits that are part of their impression management, not the context.
Option D: Front Stage refers to the part of the performance where individuals present themselves to others, not the context in which this occurs.

1320. Social structure is characterized by power struggles between the bourgeoise & proletariat.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Karl Marx.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Political Science exams, Social Theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Karl Marx's theory of social structure focuses on the conflict between the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and the proletariat (working class).

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Karl Marx with other sociologists who also discuss social structure, such as Emile Durkheim or Max Weber.

Explanations: Karl Marx's theory of social structure is characterized by the power struggle between the bourgeoisie, who own the means of production, and the proletariat, who sell their labor. This conflict is central to Marx's analysis of capitalist societies and their inherent class divisions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Emile Durkheim focused on social solidarity and the division of labor, not class conflict.
Option B: Wright Mills discussed the power elite but did not focus on the bourgeoisie and proletariat.
Option C: Karl Marx's theory centers on the class struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
Option D: Max Weber emphasized social stratification based on class, status, and power, but not specifically the bourgeoisie and proletariat.

Mnemonic: Bourgeoisie vs. Proletariat: Marx's Class Struggle

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 132”

Anonymous January 28, 2020
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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 132”

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