sociology MCQ questions answers

1321. A group opposed to the beliefs of the majority is called

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Counterculture.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Social and Cultural Anthropology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A counterculture is a subculture whose values and norms of behavior differ substantially from those of the mainstream culture.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse counterculture with subculture, thinking they are the same. However, a subculture can be part of the mainstream culture, while a counterculture actively opposes it.

Explanations: A counterculture is a group that opposes the beliefs of the majority. This term specifically refers to a subculture that actively challenges and rejects the dominant cultural norms and values. The other options do not accurately describe a group that opposes the majority beliefs.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. A counterculture is a group that opposes the beliefs of the majority.
Option B: Incorrect. A subculture is a group within a larger culture, but it does not necessarily oppose the majority beliefs.
Option C: Incorrect. The dominant culture is the majority culture, not a group that opposes it.
Option D: Incorrect. A minority group is a smaller group within a larger culture, but it does not necessarily oppose the majority beliefs.

1322. WHAT STAGE IS WHEN 20 SOMETHINGS DON'T LEAVE HOME?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) ADULTOLESCENCE.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The term "adultolescence" refers to a stage where young adults in their 20s continue to live with their parents or delay traditional adult responsibilities.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse "adultolescence" with "adulthood," thinking that living with parents is a sign of not being an adult.

Explanations: The term "adultolescence" describes a phenomenon where young adults in their 20s delay traditional markers of adulthood, such as living independently, starting a career, or forming their own families. This stage is characterized by a prolonged period of dependency on parents, often due to economic factors, lifestyle choices, or personal development. The term "adulthood" (Option A) refers to the full transition into independent adult life, which does not align with the described scenario. "Entitlement" (Option C) refers to a sense of deserving special privileges, which is not directly related to the living situation described. Option D is incorrect as "adultolescence" is the correct term.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Adulthood refers to the full transition into independent adult life, which does not align with the described scenario.
Option B: Adultolescence is the correct term for the stage where young adults delay traditional markers of adulthood.
Option C: Entitlement refers to a sense of deserving special privileges, which is not directly related to the living situation described.
Option D: None of the above is incorrect as "adultolescence" is the correct term.

Mnemonic: A: Adultolescence - Adult + Adolescence

1323. What type of question would you ask to maximise reliability? (Can questionnaires be repeated to achieve similar results?)

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Closed.

Exam Relevance: Psychology exams, Research Methods exams, Statistics exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Closed questions are designed to be specific and structured, allowing for consistent and repeatable responses.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse open-ended questions with closed questions, thinking that open-ended questions are more reliable due to their flexibility.

Explanations: Closed questions are more reliable because they are structured and specific, allowing for consistent and repeatable responses. This consistency is crucial for achieving similar results when questionnaires are repeated. Open-ended questions, while providing rich data, can vary widely in responses, making them less reliable for repeatable results.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Open questions allow for varied responses, reducing reliability.
Option B: Graded questions may provide some consistency but are not as structured as closed questions.
Option C: Repeated questions do not inherently increase reliability; the structure of the question is more important.
Option D: Closed questions are structured and specific, ensuring consistent and repeatable responses.

Mnemonic: Closed = Consistent

1324. Consider the following Statements: Cult is a religious group which is relatively small and is lead by a charismatic leader. Self-Concept is your belief of yourself, while looking-glass self is your idea of what other people are like Functionalist Perspective focuses on elements that create competition and change. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Only 1,.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The correct statement is that a cult is a religious group which is relatively small and is led by a charismatic leader. The other statements are incorrect.

Common Mistakes: Students may incorrectly believe that the self-concept and looking-glass self are the same, or that the functionalist perspective focuses on competition and change.

Explanations: A cult is defined as a relatively small religious group led by a charismatic leader. This statement is accurate. The self-concept is your belief about yourself, while the looking-glass self is your perception of how others view you. These are distinct concepts. The functionalist perspective focuses on social stability and order, not competition and change.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct, as only the first statement is true.
Option B: Incorrect, as the third statement is false.
Option C: Incorrect, as the second and third statements are false.
Option D: Incorrect, as both the second and third statements are false.

1325. According to Foucault carceral organizations.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Isolated people and put them under surveillance.

Exam Relevance: PhD Qualifying Exams, Sociology Exams, Political Science Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Foucault's concept of carceral organizations refers to systems that control and monitor individuals, often stripping them of autonomy and personal identity.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse carceral organizations with more modern management practices that emphasize human relations and employee satisfaction.

Explanations: Foucault's carceral organizations are characterized by the isolation and constant surveillance of individuals. This approach is designed to control and monitor behavior, often stripping individuals of their autonomy and personal identity. The correct answer reflects this core concept of isolation and surveillance.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is incorrect as carceral organizations do not emphasize human relations and employee satisfaction. They focus on control and surveillance.
Option B: This option is incorrect as carceral organizations are not primarily about increasing managerial power, but rather about controlling and monitoring individuals.
Option C: While carceral organizations do strip inmates of their identities, this is a secondary effect rather than the primary function, which is isolation and surveillance.
Option D: This option correctly identifies the primary functions of carceral organizations as described by Foucault: isolation and surveillance.

1326. A sociological perspective that argues that all social structures serve an important function.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Functionalism.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Social Theory Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Functionalism is a sociological perspective that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse functionalism with other sociological theories such as conflict theory or symbolic interactionism, which have different focuses.

Explanations: Functionalism argues that all social structures serve an important function in maintaining the stability and cohesion of society. This perspective emphasizes the interdependence of social institutions and how they contribute to the overall functioning of society. By viewing society as a system with interconnected parts, functionalism highlights the importance of each component in maintaining social order.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Marxism focuses on the conflict between social classes and the role of economic structures in shaping society, not on the functional interdependence of social structures.
Option B: Feminism examines the role of gender in society and the ways in which gender inequality is maintained, rather than the functional roles of social structures.
Option C: Functionalism is the correct answer as it emphasizes the functional roles of social structures in maintaining societal stability.
Option D: Interactionism focuses on the meanings individuals derive from social interactions, rather than the functional roles of social structures.

1327. The most common method of sociological research is:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Surveys.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Social Research Methods

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Surveys are a common method of sociological research because they allow researchers to collect data from a large number of people efficiently and systematically.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse surveys with other research methods like experiments or case studies, which are less frequently used in sociological research.

Explanations: Surveys are widely used in sociology because they can gather quantitative data from a large sample size, making it easier to generalize findings to a broader population. Surveys can be conducted through various means such as online, telephone, or in-person interviews, making them versatile and accessible.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Experiments are less common in sociology because they often require controlled environments and may not be feasible for studying social phenomena in natural settings.
Option B: Field research involves direct observation and interaction with subjects in their natural environment, which is valuable but more time-consuming and less scalable than surveys.
Option C: Surveys are the most common method because they allow for the collection of data from a large number of respondents in a structured and standardized manner.
Option D: Case studies are in-depth analyses of specific individuals, groups, or events, which are useful for detailed understanding but not as common for broad data collection.

Mnemonic: Sociology Surveys: Systematic, Scalable, Standardized

1328. What is cultural transmission?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) The passing on of culture from one generation to the next.

Exam Relevance: Anthropology exams, Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Cultural transmission refers to the process by which cultural knowledge, beliefs, and practices are passed from one generation to the next within a society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse cultural transmission with cultural diffusion, which involves the spread of cultural elements across different societies.

Explanations: Cultural transmission is the process by which cultural elements are passed down through generations. This includes language, customs, traditions, and values. It is a fundamental mechanism for maintaining cultural continuity and ensuring that cultural knowledge is preserved and perpetuated over time.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option describes cultural patterns that distinguish a society's elite, which is not related to cultural transmission.
Option B: This option describes cultural diffusion, which is the borrowing of cultural elements from one culture to another, not the transmission within a culture.
Option C: This option correctly defines cultural transmission as the passing on of culture from one generation to the next.
Option D: This option describes material culture, which refers to physical objects created by members of a society, not the transmission of culture.

1329. Qureshi et al. (2015) point out that.....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) British Asians are often seen as committed to traditional, old fashioned family life with low rates of divorce and a low proportion of lone-parent families.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The study by Qureshi et al. (2015) highlights perceptions and stereotypes about British Asian families, noting their perceived commitment to traditional family values.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the demographic characteristics of different ethnic groups or misinterpret the findings of the study.

Explanations: Qureshi et al. (2015) point out that British Asians are often perceived as maintaining traditional family structures, characterized by low divorce rates and a low proportion of lone-parent families. This perception is rooted in cultural and societal norms that emphasize family unity and stability within the British Asian community.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option correctly reflects the findings of Qureshi et al. (2015) regarding the perception of British Asian families.
Option B: This option incorrectly attributes the characteristics to White British people, which is not supported by the study.
Option C: This option is not supported by the study and does not align with the findings of Qureshi et al. (2015).
Option D: This option is incorrect as the study does provide specific insights into the characteristics of British Asian families.

1330. Consider the following Statements: With conflict, the goal is to defeat the opponent. Cultural relativism promotes biases and stereotyping: India is a secular country Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Only 1, 3.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, GMAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The correct answer is based on the understanding of conflict resolution and the nature of a secular country.

Common Mistakes: Students may incorrectly assume that cultural relativism does not promote biases and stereotyping, leading to the selection of option 2.

Explanations: Statement 1 is true because in a conflict, the primary goal is often to defeat the opponent. Statement 2 is false because cultural relativism can indeed promote biases and stereotyping by emphasizing differences without acknowledging commonalities. Statement 3 is true because India is officially a secular country, meaning it does not favor any particular religion.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because it includes statement 2, which is false.
Option B: Incorrect because it includes statement 2, which is false.
Option C: Incorrect because it excludes statement 1, which is true.
Option D: Correct because it includes only the true statements 1 and 3.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 133”

Anonymous January 28, 2020
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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 133”

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