sociology MCQ questions answers

1331. ..... are broad ideas shared by people in a society about what is good or desirable.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Values.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Social and Cultural Anthropology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Values are broad ideas shared by people in a society about what is good or desirable.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse values with norms, which are specific rules or expectations of behavior.

Explanations: Values are broad ideas that guide behavior and attitudes in a society. They represent what is considered good or desirable by the majority of people within that society. Norms, folkways, and mores are more specific and relate to expected behaviors, but do not encompass the broader, guiding principles that values do.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Values are the correct answer as they represent broad ideas about what is good or desirable in a society.
Option B: Norms are specific rules or expectations of behavior, not broad guiding principles.
Option C: Folkways are informal norms that guide everyday behavior, not broad guiding principles.
Option D: Mores are strong norms that have moral significance, but they are not as broad as values.

1332. Pundit

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Erudite person ; somewhat derisive term for print, broadcast, and radio commentators on the political news.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, LSAT, Civil Service Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The term "pundit" refers to an erudite person, often used in a somewhat derisive manner to describe commentators in print, broadcast, and radio who provide analysis and opinions on political news.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the term "pundit" with other terms related to media or political commentary, such as "analyst" or "journalist."

Explanations: The term "pundit" is often used to describe individuals who provide commentary and analysis on political news through various media platforms. The term can carry a somewhat derisive connotation, implying that these individuals may be overly opinionated or lacking in substantive analysis. This aligns with the definition provided in option C.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option describes a desire to do something wrong or unwise, which is not related to the term "pundit."
Option B: This option refers to scaring or surprising, which is not related to the term "pundit."
Option C: This option correctly defines a pundit as an erudite person, often used in a somewhat derisive manner to describe political commentators.
Option D: This option suggests that none of the above is correct, which is not true given the correct definition provided in option C.

Mnemonic: Pundit: Political News Unveiled, Derisively Interpreted, Theorized

1333. Which of these perspectives is most concerned about the distribution of power in society?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Conflict perspective.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Social Theory Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The conflict perspective in sociology focuses on the distribution of power and resources in society, emphasizing inequality and conflict between different social groups.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the conflict perspective with the functionalist perspective, which focuses on how different parts of society work together to maintain stability.

Explanations: The conflict perspective is concerned with the distribution of power and resources in society. It views society as a struggle for power and resources between different groups. This perspective highlights the inequalities and conflicts that arise from these power dynamics. The other perspectives, such as the interactionist and functionalist perspectives, do not primarily focus on power distribution.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The elite perspective focuses on the power held by a small group of elites, but it is not as broad as the conflict perspective in addressing power distribution across society.
Option B: The interactionist perspective focuses on the day-to-day interactions and meanings individuals construct, rather than the distribution of power.
Option C: The conflict perspective is concerned with the distribution of power and resources, highlighting social inequalities and conflicts.
Option D: The functionalist perspective focuses on how different parts of society work together to maintain stability, rather than the distribution of power.

1334. The theory that people understand the world through language is called?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Sapir-Whorf.

Exam Relevance: Anthropology exams, Linguistics exams, Sociology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis posits that the structure of a language affects its speakers' cognition and behavior.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis with other sociological theories like Symbolic Interactionism or Structural Functionalism.

Explanations: The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, also known as linguistic relativity, suggests that the language we speak influences how we perceive and understand the world. This theory emphasizes the role of language in shaping thought and behavior, making it the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Symbolic Interactionism focuses on how individuals interpret symbols and meanings in social interactions, not specifically on language shaping cognition.
Option B: Structural Functionalism examines how different parts of society work together to maintain stability, not on the influence of language on thought.
Option C: Sapir-Whorf hypothesis directly addresses the idea that language influences how people understand the world.
Option D: None of the above is incorrect as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is a recognized theory in linguistics and anthropology.

Mnemonic: Sapir-Whorf: "Speak and Think"

1335. Any form of behaviour that does not conform to the dominant norms.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Deviance.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Psychology exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Deviance refers to behavior that does not conform to the dominant norms of a society or group.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse deviance with conformity, which is the opposite behavior of adhering to societal norms.

Explanations: Deviance is defined as behavior that does not conform to the dominant norms. This means that any action or behavior that goes against the widely accepted standards or expectations of a society or group is considered deviant. The other options do not fit this definition: values are the principles or standards of behavior; socialization is the process of learning and internalizing these norms; and conformity is the act of adhering to these norms.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Deviance is the behavior that does not conform to the dominant norms.
Option B: Incorrect. Values are the principles or standards of behavior, not the behavior itself.
Option C: Incorrect. Socialization is the process of learning and internalizing norms, not the behavior that does not conform to them.
Option D: Incorrect. Conformity is the act of adhering to the dominant norms, not deviating from them.

1336. The teaching of American history and culture of the Filipino during the early American regime, is an example of what causes of cultural changes?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) ENCULTURATION.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Geography, World History exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Enculturation is the process by which individuals learn the values, norms, and behaviors of their own culture. It is a lifelong process that begins at birth and continues throughout a person's life.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse enculturation with acculturation, which involves the adoption of cultural traits from another culture.

Explanations: The teaching of American history and culture to Filipinos during the early American regime is an example of enculturation because it involves the transmission of cultural knowledge and values within a society. The process aims to ensure that individuals internalize and adopt the cultural norms and values of their own society, in this case, the American culture imposed on the Filipino population.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Acculturation involves the adoption of cultural traits from another culture, which does not fit the context of teaching American culture to Filipinos as part of their own cultural learning process.
Option B: Enculturation is the correct answer as it refers to the process of learning and internalizing the cultural norms and values of one's own society.
Option C: Colonization refers to the establishment of control by one power over a dependent country or region, which is not the specific process described in the question.
Option D: Ethnocentrism is the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture, which is not the process of teaching and learning culture described in the question.

Mnemonic: E for Enculturation, E for Education within one's own culture.

1337. Which social theorist sought to bring the scientific method to the discipline of sociology?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Comte.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Positivism exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Auguste Comte is known for his efforts to establish sociology as a scientific discipline by applying the scientific method to the study of society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Comte with other social theorists like Durkheim or Marx, who also made significant contributions to sociology but did not specifically aim to bring the scientific method to the discipline.

Explanations: Auguste Comte, often referred to as the "father of sociology," sought to apply the scientific method to the study of society. He believed that sociology should be based on empirical evidence and systematic observation, much like the natural sciences. This approach was a foundational aspect of his positivist philosophy, which aimed to establish sociology as a rigorous, scientific discipline.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Durkheim focused on the social facts and the structure of society, but he did not specifically aim to bring the scientific method to sociology as Comte did.
Option B: Marx focused on the economic and class structures of society, but his approach was more interpretive and less focused on the scientific method.
Option C: Martineau was an early sociologist who translated Comte's works into English, but she did not specifically aim to bring the scientific method to sociology.
Option D: Comte sought to establish sociology as a scientific discipline by applying the scientific method to the study of society.

1338. Harriet Martineau born in.....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) England.

Exam Relevance: AP European History, IB History, A-Level History

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Harriet Martineau was a prominent British social theorist and writer.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the birthplace of Harriet Martineau with other European countries due to her influence on social theory.

Explanations: Harriet Martineau was born in Norwich, England, in 1802. She is known for her contributions to sociology and her writings on social issues, making her a significant figure in British intellectual history.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Germany is incorrect as Harriet Martineau was not born there.
Option B: France is incorrect as Harriet Martineau was not born there.
Option C: England is correct as Harriet Martineau was born in Norwich, England.
Option D: Prusia is incorrect as it is not a valid country name and Harriet Martineau was not born there.

1339. The belief in and worship of a superhuman God or Gods with controlling power

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Religion.

Exam Relevance: SAT, ACT, AP World History, AP Psychology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Religion is defined as the belief in and worship of a superhuman God or Gods with controlling power.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse religion with other social institutions like government or education, which do not inherently involve belief in a deity.

Explanations: Religion involves the belief in and worship of a superhuman God or Gods with controlling power. This definition aligns with the concept of religion, which encompasses spiritual beliefs and practices centered around divine beings. Government and education, on the other hand, do not inherently involve belief in a deity.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Government does not involve belief in a deity, so it is not the correct answer.
Option B: Education is focused on learning and knowledge, not belief in a deity, so it is not the correct answer.
Option C: Religion involves belief in and worship of a superhuman God or Gods, making it the correct answer.
Option D: None of the above is incorrect because religion fits the given definition.

1340. What is identity?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) The qualities, characteristics or beliefs that make a person who they are.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Identity refers to the unique set of qualities, characteristics, and beliefs that define an individual.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse identity with cultural or religious affiliations, which are aspects but not the complete definition.

Explanations: Identity is fundamentally about the intrinsic qualities, characteristics, and beliefs that make a person unique. It encompasses personal traits, values, and beliefs that shape an individual's sense of self. This definition aligns with the correct answer, as it focuses on the internal attributes that define a person rather than external factors like culture or religion.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option describes cultural identity, which is a subset of identity but not the complete definition.
Option B: This option correctly defines identity as the qualities, characteristics, or beliefs that make a person who they are.
Option C: This option refers to opinions or beliefs, which are part of identity but do not encompass the full definition.
Option D: This option is incorrect as one of the other options is correct.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 134”

Anonymous January 28, 2020
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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 134”

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